Vainu Bappu

Manali Kallat Vainu Bappu (10 August 1927 – 19 August 1982) was an Indian astronomer and president of the International Astronomical Union. Bappu helped establish several astronomical institutions in India——including the Vainu Bappu Observatory named after him—and also contributed to the establishment of the modern Indian Institute of Astrophysics. In 1957, he discovered the Wilson-Bappu effect jointly with American astronomer Olin Chaddock Wilson.

A photograph of M.K.V. Bappu.

Early life

Vainu Bappu was born into a Thiyya family on 10 August 1927, in Chennai, as the only child of Manali Kukuzhi Bappu and Kallat Sunanna Bappu.[1] His family originally hails from Thalassery in Kerala. His father was an astronomer at the Nizamiah Observatory in Andhra Pradesh.[1] He attended the Harvard Graduate School of Astronomy for his PhD after obtaining postgraduate degree from the Madras University.[1] Bappu, along with two of his colleagues, discovered the 'Bappu-Bok-Newkirk' comet.[2] He was awarded the Donhoe Comet-Medal by the Astronomical Society of the Pacific in 1949.[1]

In a paper published in 1957, American astronomer Olin Chaddock Wilson and Bappu had described what would later be known as the Wilson-Bappu effect.[3] The effect as described by L.V. Kuhi is: 'The width of the Ca II emission in normal, nonvariable, G, K, and M stars is correlated with the visual absolute magnitude in the sense that the brighter the star the wider the emission.'[3] The paper opened up the field of stellar chromospheres for research.[4]

Vainu Bappu Observatory

Solar Tunnel Telescope at the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory. Bappu served as head of the observatory in 1960.[4]

On his return to India, Bappu was appointed to head a team of astronomers to build an observatory at Nainital.[1] His efforts of building an indigenous large optical telescope and a research observatory led to the founding of the optical observatory of Kavalur and its large telescope.[2][4] The Vainu Bappu Observatory is one of the main observatories of the Indian Institute of Astrophysics, also initiated in its modern avatar by Bappu in 1971.[4] Later, a number of discoveries were made from the Vainu Bappu Observatory.[5]

Career overview

Post	Institution
Honorary Foreign Fellow	Belgium Academy of Sciences[1]
Honorary Member	American Astronomical Society[1]
Vice-President	International Astronomical Union (1967–73)[1]
President	International Astronomical Union (1979)[1]

See also

• Extragalactic Distance Scale

References

1. Bhattacharyya, J. C. (2002), "M K Vainu Bappu", Resonance, 7 (8), Springer India.
2. Indian Astronomy : From Jantar-Mantar to Kavalur, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.
3. Kuhi, L. V., "The Wilson-Bappu Effect in T Tauri Stars", Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 77 (457): 253.
4. M.K. Vaina Bappu, Indian Institute of Astrophysics.
5. At Kavalur the first observations with an indigenously built 38 cm telescope were made in late 1967. In Kavalur, the one-metre Zeiss telescope was installed in 1972, and the very next month, during an occultation event, scientists discovered a trace of atmosphere on Ganymede, the largest satellite of Jupiter. Five years later the same telescope discovered the rings of Uranus. -- Indian Astronomy : From Jantar-Mantar to Kavalur, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.