VMF-511

Marine Fighting Squadron 511 (VMF-511) was a fighter squadron of the Marine Corps and Marine Forces Reserve during World War II and the Cold War which flew aircraft types such as the F6F Hellcat, F4U Corsair, and the F-8 Crusader.[1] They were originally activated during World War II and fought during the Battle of Okinawa and the Battle of Balikpapan (1945). They specialized in close air support and during the course of the war were credited with only one plane shot down.[2]

Marine Fighting Squadron 511
VMF-511's WWII insignia
Active
  • January 1, 1944 – March 11, 1946
  • April 15, 1958 – August 31, 1972
CountryUnited States
BranchUSMC
TypeFighter squadron
RoleAir interdiction
Close air support
Part ofInactive
EngagementsWorld War II
Aircraft flown
FighterF4U-1D Corsair
F6F-5N/5P Hellcats
F-8 Crusader

Following the surrender of Japan, the squadron was deactivated on March 11, 1946. They were reactivated in the Marine Forces Reserve and were based out of Naval Air Station Willow Grove, Pennsylvania. The squadron's tailcode was originally 7W, then in 1970 it became 5W, and then in 1972 it changed to MK.[1]

History

Marine Fighting Squadron 511 (VMF-511) was activated on January 1, 1944, at Marine Corps Auxiliary Air Field Oak Grove, North Carolina.[3] They were a part of Marine Aircraft Group 51 (MAG-51) and their original mission was to take part in Operation Crossbow (Project Danny), an ill-conceived plan to have Marine squadrons aboard escort carriers hunt down V-1 flying bomb launch sites in eastern France.[4] After that operation was canceled, the new mission for MAG-51 and VMF-511 was to train for deployment aboard Navy carriers in the Pacific.[5] They moved to Marine Corps Air Station Mojave, California, on September 10, 1944, and began carrier qualification training. They were equipped with a mixed bag of eight F6F-5N Hellcat night fighters, two F6F-5P photo reconnaissance Hellcats and eight F4U-1D Corsairs. This mix of aircraft gave the squadron both a night fighting capability and photo reconnaissance capability on top of its ability to provide close air support.[6] On October 28, 1944, the squadron was re-designated VMF(CVS)-511 to reflect their special training and participation in the escort carrier program.[7][8] Upon completion of this training they were assigned to Marine Carrier Air Group 1 (MCVG-1) where they were partnered with VMTB-233 on the USS Block Island (CVE-106). The squadron left the West Coast on March 20, 1945.[2]

An F4U-1D of VMF-511 aboard USS Block Island (CVE-106), 1945.

On May 10, 1945, the squadron saw its first combat during the Battle of Okinawa[9] when it attacked Japanese mortar positions.[10] For the next month they provided close air support for Marines and soldiers on the ground during the battle. The squadron was also a part of the effort to reduce Shuri Castle and interdict small water craft.[11] During this time the squadron lost its commanding officer, Major Robert Maze, when his F4U Corsair was hit by flak from Ishigaki Island and crashed into the East China Sea.[12][13] In mid-June, the USS Block Island was relieved from duty off the coast of Okinawa and ordered to Leyte in the Philippines. From there, they supported the early stages of the Australian 7th Division's invasion of Balikpapan. They returned to Leyte on July 4, 1945, and did not see combat for the rest of the war.[2] Still aboard the USS Block Island when WWII ended, VMF(CVS)-511's final missions were flown in support of the Japanese surrender of Formosa.[14]

Following the surrender of Japan, the squadron returned to Marine Corps Air Station Santa Barbara, California[2] and were eventually deactivated at Marine Corps Air Station El Toro, California on March 10, 1946.[3]

On April 15, 1958, the Marine Corps reactivated the squadron as the Marine Air Reserve Training Detachment Willow Grove at Naval Air Station Willow Grove, Pennsylvania.[2] At first, the squadron shared its F-8 Crusader aircraft with Naval Air Reserve squadrons VF-931 and VF-932. In 1970, the reserves were reorganized and VMF-511 became an independent squadron with its own aircraft.[1] The squadron was finally deactivated on August 31, 1972, as part of the post-Vietnam draw down of forces.[2]

Notable former members
  • Edward J. Wallof, recipient of the Navy Cross[15]

Unit awards

A unit citation or commendation is an award bestowed upon an organization for the action cited. Members of the unit who participated in said actions are allowed to wear the awarded unit citations on their uniforms. VMF-511 was presented with the following awards:

RibbonUnit Award
  Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
World War II Victory Medal
National Defense Service Medal with one Bronze Star
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See also

Notes
  1. Dirkx, Marco. "Chapter 6: Crusader Units". US Marine Corps. Gator! The F-8 Crusader. www.crouze.com. Archived from the original on 2007-03-14. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  2. Crowder, USMC Aviation Squadrons, p. 155.
  3. Rottman, USMC WWII OOB, p. 445.
  4. Shettle, USMC Air
  5. Shettle, USMC Air Stations of WWII, pp. 111–112.
  6. Condon, Flattops and Corsairs, p.92.
  7. Sherrod, History of USMC Aviation in WWII, p. 471.
  8. Condon, Flattops and Corsairs, p.88.
  9. Tillman, Corsair, p. 153.
  10. DeChant, Devilbirds, p. 246.
  11. "Block Island". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Naval Historical Center, Department of the Navy. 13 April 2005. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  12. Mersky USMC Aviation, p.100.
  13. Condon, Flattops and Corsairs, p.100.
  14. Yanacek, Robert J. "Marines Trained at Manteo: VMF-511". Marine Corps League Outer Banks Detachment. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  15. "Walloff, Edward J." Full Text Citations For Award of The Navy Cross to U.S. Marines - World War II. www.homeoftheheroes.com. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-12-19.

References
Bibliography
  • Condon, John Pomeroy (1998). Corsairs and Flattops – Marine Carrier Air Warfare, 1944–45. Annapolis Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-127-0.
  • Crowder, Michael J. (2000). United States Marine Corps Aviation Squadron Lineage, Insignia & History – Volume One – The Fighter Squadrons. Paducah, KY: Turner Publishing Company. ISBN 1-56311-926-9.
  • De Chant, John A. (1947). Devilbirds – The Story of United States Marine Aviation in World War II. New York: Harper & Brothers. LCCN 47030946. OCLC 909846.
  • Mersky, Peter B. (1983). U.S. Marine Corps Aviation – 1912 to the present. Annapolis Maryland: The Nautical and Aviation Publishing Company of America. ISBN 0-933852-39-8.
  • Porter, R. Bruce; Hammel, Eric (1985). ACE! – A Marine Night-Fighter Pilot in World War II. Pacifica Press. ISBN 0-935553-31-2.
  • Rottman, Gordon L. (2002). U.S. Marine Corps World War II Order of Battle – Ground and Air Units in the Pacific War, 1939–1945. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-31906-5.
  • Sherrod, Robert (1952). History of Marine Corps Aviation in World War II. Washington, D.C.: Combat Forces Press. OCLC 1261876.
  • Shettle Jr., M. L. (2001). United States Marine Corps Air Stations of World War II. Bowersville, Georgia: Schaertel Publishing Co. ISBN 0-9643388-2-3.
  • Tillman, Barrett (1979). Corsair: The F4U in World War II and Korea. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-994-8.
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