Upapandavas

In the Hindu epic Mahabharata, the Upapandavas (IAST: Upapāṇḍava, Sanskrit: उपपण्डव, lit. junior Pandavas), also known as Pandavaputras (IAST: Pāṇḍavaputra, Sanskrit: पाण्डपुत्र, lit. sons of Pandavas), Draupadeyas or Panchakumaras (IAST: Pañcakumāra, Sanskrit: पञ्चकुमार, lit. five sons) are the five sons born to Queen Draupadi from each of the five Pandavas. They are Prativindhya, Sutasoma, Shrutakarma, Shatanika and Shrutasena.[1][2] They fought the battle on the side of the Pandavas, and all were Atirathis as said by Bhishma but not much is said in the Mahabharata about the brothers.

The Upapandavas had an elder sister Suthanu (daughter of Draupadi and Yudhisthira). After the Kurukshetra War, Suthanu was married to Satyabhama's eldest son Bhanu.[3] They had many other brothers from their fathers. 3 of the other brothers took part in the War - Abhimanyu, Ghatotkacha and Iravan. All 8 of these brothers perished in the War.

The Upapandavas, along with Abhimanyu, also battled demon king Alambusha, on the 9th day. On the 11th day, they together encountered and were defeated by Vrishasena, the son of Karna.

Prativindhya
Prativindhya
In-universe information
FamilyDraupadi (Mother), Yudhishthira (Father), Pandu (grandfather), Kunti (grandmother), Suthanu ( Sister)

Prativindhya was the eldest of the Upapandavas (IAST: Prativindhya, Sanskrit: प्रतविन्ध्य, lit. shining like the sun or towards Vindhya) or Shrutavindhya (IAST: Śrutavindhya, Sanskrit: श्रुतविन्ध्य, lit. related to the Buddhi[4]) was born to Yudhishthira and Draupadi and was the eldest of the Upapandavas. He had an elder sister, Suthanu. He was described to be a skilled fighter, known to face troops like "the thunder-wielding Shakra (Indra)".[5] In the Kurukshetra War, Prativindhya fought Shakuni.[6] On the 9th day, Prativindhya struck Alambusha unconscious. On the 15th day, he stopped Ashwatthama's advance towards Dronacharya by holding him off long enough . He killed Chitra, a king of Abhisara, on the 16th day.[7]

Sutasoma
Sutasoma
In-universe information
FamilyDraupadi (Mother), Bhima(Father),Pandu (grandfather), Kunti (grandmother)

Sutasoma (Sanskrit: सुतसोम, lit one who has extracted soma or the one who has the beauty of the moon[8]) was son of Bhima and Draupadi, second of the Upapandavas. He was excelled in Mace fighting and archery. He combatted the Kaurava prince Vikarna on the first day of the war. He played a major role in the battle by nearly killing Shakuni. Sutasoma, on the 12th day, stopped the advance of the mighty Kaurava Vivismati, towards Dronacharya. He killed several princes and warriors of Kalinga. He also killed Dushasana's son on the 14th day to avenge Abhimanyu's death.

He played a major role along with Yudhishthira and other Upapandavas in holding off Dushasana and the other Kauravas on the 15th day.[9]

Shatanika
Shatanika
In-universe information
FamilyDraupadi (Mother), Nakula (Father),Pandu (grandfather), Madri (grandmother)

Shatanika (IAST: Śatānīka, Sanskrit: शतानीक, lit. he who has hundred troops) was born to Nakula and Draupadi. He was the third of the Upapandavas. He was named after a famous Rajarshi in the Kuru lineage who had that name and he was considered to be an avatar of Visvadevas.
He is also nominated as a deputy commander-in-chief of forces under his uncle and teacher Dhrishtadyumna, in charge of Vyuha planning.[10] He massacred the army of Kaurava ally Bhutakarma, as well as Bhutakarma.[11] Shatanika also defeated Kaurava prince Dushkarna on the 6th day.[12] Shatanika also defeated Jayatsena and Shrutakarman - 2 Kauravas. Shatanika also killed a prince of Kalinga. Shatanika caused huge destruction of the Kaurava army on the 17th day too.[13]

Shrutasena
Shrutasena
In-universe information
FamilyDraupadi (Mother), Sahadeva (Father), Pandu (Grandfather), Madri (Grandmother)

Shrutsena (IAST: Śhrutasena, lit. the commander of the army of celestials) was born to Sahadeva and Draupadi and the fourth of the Upapandavas., like his father he too was very smart and intelligent .In the Chatahurdi analysis of the Mahabharata, he was defeated by Shakuni during the battle; he killed Shala, the younger brother of Bhurishravas on the 14th day of the war.[14] He fought with many other warriors like Dushmanara and Durmukha, and defeated them. He also killed the son of Kaurava warrior Devavraddha.[15]

Shrutakarma
Shrutakarma
In-universe information
FamilyArjuna (Father), Draupadi(Mother), Pandu (Grandfather), Kunti (Grandmother)

Shrutakarma (IAST: Śhrutakarma, lit. he who is known for his good deeds) was the son born to Arjuna and Draupadi, [16] the youngest of the Upapandavas. His horses were supposed to bear the colour of kingfishers.[17] He was a capable archer like his father. He defeated Kamboja ruler Sudakshina on the first day. He also battled and defeated the Kaurava Jayatsena on the 6th day.[18] He fought against Dushasana and Ashwathama in an archery duel in the battle and gave them a good fight. He killed King Chitrasena, another king of Abhisara, on the 16th day.

Order of their birth

Draupadi had five sons. Their order of birth was not same as that of their fathers, as there is a slight change -

1. Prativindhya- Yudhishthira and Draupadi's son

2. Sutasoma - Bhima and Draupadi's son

3. Shatanika - Nakula and Draupadi's son

4. Shrutasena - Sahadeva and Draupadi's son

5. Shrutakarma - Arjuna and Draupadi's son

This is because, the first 4 children of Draupadi were born during the 12 year-exile of Arjuna, so, after begotting sons from the first 2 brothers, it is Nakula's turn to enter Draupadi's chambers in Arjuna's absence, and after him, comes Sahadeva. After Arjuna returns from his exile, he fathers his son Shrutakarma, from Draupadi.

Death
Ashwatthama propitiates Shiva before making a night attack on the Pandava camp

On the last night of the war after Duryodhana's death and Kaurava defeat, Ashwathama gathered the only other surviving Kaurava warriors - Kritavarma and Kripacharya, and attacked the Pandava camp on the 18th night of the Kurukshetra war. He killed Dhrishtadyumna, Shikhandi, and many other prominent warriors of the Pandava army while they were sleeping.

Ashwatthama killed all the five Upapandavas during their sleep. In some versions of the story, he believes them to be the five Pandava brothers; in others, he purposefully attacks the Pandavas' heirs in order to hurt the Pandavas emotionally.

Ashwatthama was eventually cursed by Krishna for his heinous act of mercilessly the young Upapandavas and the in-womb Parikshit, to be immortal with incurable bruises and ulcers.

In the Jataka tales version of the Mahabharata, Parikshit's mentors included both Sutasoma. Prativindhya, Shrutakarma, and Shatanika at least(who even in Sauptika Parva is shown as wounded not dead) have definite longer lives in Jatakas.

Ashwatthama killed the sons of all Panadavas when they are sleeping after the win of war against Kauravas.

Citations
  1. Menon, Ramesh (2006). The Mahabharata : a modern rendering. New York: iUniverse, Inc. ISBN 9780595401888.
  2. van Buitenen, J.A.B., ed. (1981). The Mahābhārata. Translated by van Buitenen (Phoenix ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226846644.
  3. https://www.facebook.com/MahabharatKiGalatiyan/posts/questions-to-admin-22-or-24-or-even-26-avatars-of-vishnu-and-mahabharata-charact/514449218667965/
  4. N.V., Thadani. The Mystery of the Mahabharata: Vol.4.
  5. http://ancientvoice.wikidot.com/mbh:prativindhya
  6. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=BjP7CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA349&lpg=PA349&dq=subala+prativindhya+mahabharata&source=bl&ots=aRIbzE6zwn&sig=ACfU3U0a8k-sBVa8dL-iP72SA5koSx1frA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiT_tffvJ_qAhX_4zgGHcm9CCkQ6AEwBnoECAwQAQ#v=onepage&q=subala%20prativindhya%20mahabharata&f=false
  7. https://www.facebook.com/MahabharatKiGalatiyan/posts/chitrasena-chitrasena-who-art-thou-chitrasenathe-other-son-of-dhritrashtrachitra/663235267122692/
  8. N.V., Thadani. The Mystery of the Mahabharata: Vol.4.
  9. The Mahabharata. ISBN 9781451015799.
  10. Parmeshwaranand, Swami (2001). Encyclopaedic dictionary of Purāṇas (1st ed.). New Delhi: Sarup & Sons. ISBN 9788176252263.
  11. Parmeshwaranand, Swami (2001). Encyclopaedic dictionary of Purāṇas (1st ed.). New Delhi: Sarup & Sons. ISBN 9788176252263.
  12. https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/mahabharata/d/doc118436.html
  13. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=RWQ-AAAAQBAJ&pg=PT295&lpg=PT295&dq=shatanika+bhojas&source=bl&ots=rxgiUgTFrX&sig=ACfU3U0EnJ3vkiXjsHroNYWD_bvRciYTDQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHtJeQmojrAhULxzgGHRS0BbwQ6AEwBHoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=shatanika%20bhojas&f=false
  14. Parmeshwaranand, Swami (2001). Encyclopaedic dictionary of Purāṇas (1st ed.). New Delhi: Sarup & Sons. ISBN 9788176252263.,
  15. https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shrutakarma
  16. John Dececco, Devdutt Pattanaik (2014). The Man Who Was a Woman and Other Queer Tales from Hindu Lore. Routledge. ISBN 9781317766308.
  17. . ISBN 9781451018264. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  18. https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/mahabharata/d/doc118436.html
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