Union of Working People's Forces

The Union of Working People's Forces – UWPF (Arabic: اتحاد قوى الشعب العامل‎ | Ittihâd qiwâ al-'amal al-cha'b al-'âmil), also known as Union of Toiling Peoples' Forces or Union des Forces du Peuple Travailleur (UFPT) in French, was a Nasserist political party in Lebanon which played a key role in the Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990).

Union of Working People's Forces
General SecretaryKamal Chatila
Founded1965
IdeologyNasserism

Origins

The party was founded in 1965 by Kamal Chatila and Najah Wakim.[1] Chatila was the general secretary of the party.[2][3] The party represented a right-wing tendency in the Lebanese Nasserist movement.[4]

Najah Wakim was elected to parliament in 1972, making him the sole Nasserist deputy.[5]

The UWPF in the Lebanese Civil War

In the early phase of the Lebanese Civil War the UWPF maintained a 1,000-man strong militia, the Victory Divisions (Arabic: Firqat an-Nasr), which fought alongside the Lebanese National Movement (LNM) militias in the Beirut area.[5][6] However, in late March 1976 the UWPF left the LNM to enter the pro-Syrian Front of Patriotic and National Parties (FPNP) alliance, and supported the June 1976 Syrian intervention in Lebanon,[3] which caused a rift between them and the other Nasserist groups.[5] From June to November 1976 the UWPF and its militia faced onslaughts by Fatah and the other LNM militias.[7]

There was also a splinter group of the party, the Union of Working People's Forces-Corrective Movement (UWPF-CM) led by Issam Al-Arab.[5][8][9]

gollark: Here is a similar thing for JSON. Note that it delegates out to an external JSON library for string escaping.```luafunction safe_json_serialize(x, prev) local t = type(x) if t == "number" then if x ~= x or x <= -math.huge or x >= math.huge then return tostring(x) end return string.format("%.14g", x) elseif t == "string" then return json.encode(x) elseif t == "table" then prev = prev or {} local as_array = true local max = 0 for k in pairs(x) do if type(k) ~= "number" then as_array = false break end if k > max then max = k end end if as_array then for i = 1, max do if x[i] == nil then as_array = false break end end end if as_array then local res = {} for i, v in ipairs(x) do table.insert(res, safe_json_serialize(v)) end return "["..table.concat(res, ",").."]" else local res = {} for k, v in pairs(x) do table.insert(res, json.encode(tostring(k)) .. ":" .. safe_json_serialize(v)) end return "{"..table.concat(res, ",").."}" end elseif t == "boolean" then return tostring(x) elseif x == nil then return "null" else return json.encode(tostring(x)) endend```
gollark: My tape shuffler thing from a while ago got changed round a bit. Apparently there's some demand for it, so I've improved the metadata format and written some documentation for it, and made the encoder work better by using file metadata instead of filenames and running tasks in parallel so it's much faster. The slightly updated code and docs are here: https://pastebin.com/SPyr8jrh. There are also people working on alternative playback/encoding software for the format for some reason.
gollark: Are you less utilitarian with your names than <@125217743170568192> but don't really want to name your cool shiny robot with the sort of names used by *foolish organic lifeforms*? Care somewhat about storage space and have HTTP enabled to download name lists? Try OC Robot Name Thing! It uses the OpenComputers robot name list for your... CC computer? https://pastebin.com/PgqwZkn5
gollark: I wanted something to play varying music in my base, so I made this.https://pastebin.com/SPyr8jrh is the CC bit, which automatically loads random tapes from a connected chest into the connected tape drive and plays a random track. The "random track" bit works by using an 8KiB block of metadata at the start of the tape.Because I did not want to muck around with handling files bigger than CC could handle within CC, "tape images" are generated with this: https://pastebin.com/kX8k7xYZ. It requires `ffmpeg` to be available and `LionRay.jar` in the working directory, and takes one command line argument, the directory to load to tape. It expects a directory of tracks in any ffmpeg-compatible audio format with the filename `[artist] - [track].[filetype extension]` (this is editable if you particularly care), and outputs one file in the working directory, `tape.bin`. Please make sure this actually fits on your tape.I also wrote this really simple program to write a file from the internet™️ to tape: https://pastebin.com/LW9RFpmY. You can use this to write a tape image to tape.EDIT with today's updates: the internet→tape writer now actually checks if the tape is big enough, and the shuffling algorithm now actually takes into account tapes with different numbers of tracks properly, as well as reducing the frequency of a track after it's already been played recently.
gollark: https://pastebin.com/pDNfjk30Tired of communicating fast? Want to talk over a pair of redstone lines at 10 baud? Then this is definitely not perfect, but does work for that!Use `set rx_side [whatever]` and `set tx_side [whatever]` on each computer to set which side of the computer they should receive/transmit on.

See also

References
  1. Franck Mermier; Sabrina Mervin (2012). Leaders et partisans au Liban. KARTHALA Editions. p. 170. ISBN 978-2-8111-0595-2.
  2. Revue du Liban et de l'Orient arabe (1054–1061 ed.). February 1980. p. 5.
  3. Lucien Bitterlin (1988). La flamme et le soufre. VegaPress. p. 139. ISBN 978-2-906480-04-9.
  4. Travaux et Jours (46-49 ed.). Centre culturel universitaire. 1973. p. 7.
  5. The War for Lebanon, 1970-1985. Cornell University Press. 1985. pp. 82–83. ISBN 0-8014-9313-7.
  6. LEBANON A COUNTRY STUDY. 1989. p. 243.
  7. Les Crises du Liban, 1958-1982: chronologie commentée. Documentation française. 1982. p. 36.
  8. Maghreb, Machrek. Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, Centre d'étude des relations internationales, Section monde arabe. 1975. p. 317.
  9. Alain Ménargues (2004). Les secrets de la guerre au Liban: du coup d'Etat de Bachir Gémayel aux massacres des camps palestiniens. Albin Michel. p. 33. ISBN 978-2-226-12127-1.
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