Underground hydrogen storage

Underground hydrogen storage is the practice of hydrogen storage in caverns,[1][2] salt domes and depleted oil/gas fields.[3] Large quantities of gaseous hydrogen have been stored in caverns for many years.[4] The storage of large quantities of hydrogen underground in solution-mined salt domes,[5] aquifers[6], excavated rock caverns, or mines can function as grid energy storage[7], essential for the hydrogen economy.[8] By using a turboexpander the electricity needs for compressed storage on 200 bar amounts to 2.1% of the energy content.[9]

Chevron Phillips Clemens Terminal

The Chevron Phillips Clemens Terminal in Texas has stored hydrogen since the 1980s in a solution-mined salt cavern. The cavern roof is about 2,800 feet (850 m) underground. The cavern is a cylinder with a diameter of 160 feet (49 m), a height of 1,000 feet (300 m), and a usable hydrogen capacity of 1,066 million cubic feet (30.2×10^6 m3), or 2,520 metric tons (2,480 long tons; 2,780 short tons).[10]

Development
  • Sandia National Laboratories released in 2011 a life-cycle cost analysis framework for geologic storage of hydrogen.[11]
  • The European project Hyunder[12] indicated in 2013 that for the storage of wind and solar energy an additional 85 caverns are required as it cannot be covered by pumped-storage hydroelectricity and compressed air energy storage systems.[13]
  • ETI released in 2015 a report The role of hydrogen storage in a clean responsive power system noting that the UK has sufficient salt bed resources to provide tens of GWe.[14]
  • RAG Austria AG finished a hydrogen storage project in a depleted oil an gas field in Austria in 2017, and is conducting its second project "Underground Sun Conversion".[15]
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See also

References
  1. 1979 - Underground hydrogen storage. Final report.
  2. hydrogen storage cavern system
  3. Energy storage 2012
  4. 1994 - ECN abstract
  5. 2006-Underground hydrogen storage in geological formations
  6. Brookhaven National Lab -Final report
  7. Large-scale hydrogen underground storage for securing future energy supplies Archived 2014-07-28 at the Wayback Machine
  8. LINDBLOM U.E. ; A conceptual design for compressed hydrogen storage in mined caverns
  9. Energy technology analysis. p.70
  10. ORNL-Pag.20 Archived 2008-12-06 at the Wayback Machine
  11. a life-cycle cost analysis framework for geologic storage of hydrogen
  12. Hyunder
  13. Storing renewable energy: Is hydrogen a viable solution?
  14. The role of hydrogen storage in a clean responsive power system
  15. https://www.underground-sun-storage.at/pressepublikationen/publikationen.html
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