Umikaze-class destroyer

The Umikaze-class destroyers (海風型駆逐艦, Umikazegata kuchikukan) were a class of two destroyers of the Imperial Japanese Navy. They were the first large destroyers designed for open ocean service to be built in Japan.[1]

Yamakaze at Ominato, 1926
Class overview
Name: Umikaze class
Builders:
Operators:  Imperial Japanese Navy
Preceded by: Kamikaze class
Succeeded by: Sakura class
In commission: 28 September 1911 — 1 June 1930
Completed: 2
Retired: 2
General characteristics
Type: Destroyer
Displacement:
  • 1,030 long tons (1,050 t) normal,
  • 1,150 long tons (1,170 t)
Length:
  • 94.5 m (310 ft) pp,
  • 98.5 m (323 ft)
Beam: 8.6 m (28 ft)
Draught: 2.7 m (8.9 ft)
Propulsion: 3-shaft Parsons steam turbine, 8 boilers, 20,500 ihp (15,300 kW)
Speed: 33 knots (61 km/h)
Range: 850 nmi (1,570 km) at 11 kn (20 km/h)
Complement: 141
Armament:
  • 2 × 120 mm/40 cal guns
  • 5 × 80 mm/40 cal guns
  • 2 × 450 mm torpedoes

Background

The Umikaze-class destroyers were designed after the Russo-Japanese War, as the Imperial Japanese Navy realized that the vessels in its current fleet of destroyers were too small and poorly designed for extended "blue water" operation.[2]

Two vessels were built, based largely on British designs, one at Maizuru Naval Arsenal and the other at the Mitsubishi shipyards in Nagasaki.[3]

Yamakaze launch at Mitsubishi Nagasaki, 1911

Design

The Umikaze-class ships were based largely on the Royal Navy Tribal-class destroyers. In terms of displacement, each vessel was almost three times larger than the previous destroyers in the Japanese Navy.

Externally, the design retained the four-smokestacks of the Ikazuchi class, however, internally the coal-fired triple expansion steam engines, were replaced with heavy oil-fired Parsons steam turbine engines, which was a first for Japan. The rated power of 20,500 shp gave the vessels a high speed of 33 knots (61 km/h), however fuel consumption severely limited range.

Armament was increased over the previous classes, with a pair of QF 4.7 inch Gun Mk I - IV guns, with one gun mounted on a small shelter forward and another on the quarterdeck and five QF 3 inch 12 pounder guns mounted staggered to port and starboard.[4] The number of torpedoes was initially three in unreloadable tubes; but this was quickly changed to two in reloadable tubes in operational service.

Operational history

The Umikaze-class destroyers proved to be largely experimental ships. The use of Parsons steam turbines pushed the design to the limits of capability of contemporary engineering and production technology, and the engines were plagued with maintenance issues, as well as tremendous fuel consumption. In an effort to reduce running expenses and to increase range, the boilers were modified from all heavy oil to two heavy oil and four coal-fired boilers. Even with the modification, the Umikaze vessels were largely retained for coastal patrol duties.

The Umikaze ships were rated at first-class destroyers on 28 August 1912, and served to 1 June 1930 when both were converted to minesweepers. Both were subsequently scrapped in 1936.[5]

List of Ships
Kanji
translation		 Name Builder Laid down Launched Completed Fate
海風 Umikaze
"Seawind"		 Maizuru Naval Arsenal, Japan 23 November 1909 10 October 1910 28 September 1911 Minesweeper W-7 1 June 1930
BU 1 April 1936
山風 Yamakaze
"Mountain Wind"		 Mitsubishi shipyards, Nagasaki, Japan 1 June 1910 21 January 1911 21 October 1911 Minesweeper W-8 1 June 1930
BU 1 April 1936
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References

Notes
  1. Jentsura, Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869–1945.
  2. Evans, Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887–1941.
  3. Howarth, The Fighting Ships of the Rising Sun.
  4. Nishida, Imperial Japanese Navy
  5. Nishida, Imperial Japanese Navy

Books
  • Evans, David (1979). Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887-1941. US Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-192-7.
  • Howarth, Stephen (1983). The Fighting Ships of the Rising Sun: The Drama of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1895-1945. Atheneum. ISBN 0-689-11402-8.
  • Jentsura, Hansgeorg (1976). Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945. US Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-893-X.
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