Ulmus boissieri

Ulmus boissieri Grudz., (Persian: نارون برگ‌ریز or نارون گل‌پشه‌ای‎), a disputed species of elm found in Iran, was identified by Grudzinskaya in 1977.[1][4] She equated her "new species" with the U. campestris f. microphylla collected in 1859 in Kerman Province[5] and described in his Flora Orientalis (1879) by Boissier,[2] for whom she named it, treating Boissier's specimen as the "type". The tree is endemic the provinces of Kermanshah (Qasr-e Shirin, Bisotun) and Kerman.[6], and also the Zagros forests, growing with Quercus brantii, Celtis australis, Platanus orientalis, Fraxinus sp., and Cerasus mehaleb.[7][8]

Ulmus boissieri
Scientific classification
(disputed)
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Ulmaceae
Genus: Ulmus
Species:
U. boissieri
Binomial name
Ulmus boissieri
Synonyms
  • Ulmus campestris Huds. var. microphylla Boiss.[1][2]
  • Ulmus microphylla Pers.[1]
  • Ulmus minor Mill.[3]

Although two more recent Iranian treatises maintain the original taxon,[7][6] Richens (1983), in line with Boissier's original U. campestris identification, sank U. boissieri as Ulmus minor, along with six other elms considered species by Soviet botanists.[3] Grudzinskaya (1977) incorrectly stated that "U. boissieri was described by Boissier in the rank of a species". Boissier had in fact listed his small-leaved Persian elm as a form of the species, U. campestris. Grudzinskaya (1977) does not refer to the diagnostic field-elm feature of root-suckering.

Description

Ulmus boissieri is distinguished by its small leaves and fruits. The ovate, toothed leaves are 1.5 – 3 cm long, 1.2 – 2 cm broad, typically asymmetric at the base, the upper surfaces glabrous. The leaf veins number from 8 to 12; the petiole 2 – 3 mm long. The perfect apetalous wind-pollinated flowers are minute; the suborbiculate samarae 7 – 9 mm in diameter, with the seed located in the centre.[1]

Boissier's 1859 herbarium specimen (Grudzinskaya's "type" tree)[9] shows 'Rueppellii'-like leaves and samarae, a field elm from neighbouring Turkestan (see 'External links').[10]

Pests and diseases

Not known.

Cultivation

The extent of cultivation within Iran is unknown. Aside from the old field elm cultivar 'Umbraculifera', elm specimens from Iran are extremely rare in cultivation outside the country (see 'Putative specimens' below).

Putatative specimens

Four putative specimens from Iran are grown at the Sir Harold Hillier Gardens, UK (see 'Accessions').[11]

  • Foliage of putative U. boissieri, identified as 'U. minor Iran' at SHHG

Accessions

Europe
  • Sir Harold Hillier Gardens, Ampfield, Hampshire, England. Acc. no. 2001.0188, 4 putative specimens grown from wild collected seed in Iran by D & S Pigott 2000. Plant Centre Field, marked only as Ulmus minor, Iran.
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References
  1. Grudzinskaya, I. A. (1977). "The new elm species - Ulmus boissieri. New species of Ulmaceae from Iran". Botanicheskii Zhurnal. St. Petersburg, Russia: Komarov Botanical Institute. 62 (6): 856.
  2. Boissier, Edmond (1879). Flora Orientalis. 4. p. 1158.
  3. Richens, R.H. (1983). Elm. Cambridge University Press. p. 279.
  4. "Plant Name Details for Ulmus boissieri". IPNI. Retrieved October 20, 2009.
  5. plants.jstor.org, al.ap.specimen.le00011358
  6. Mozaffarian, Valiollah (2005). Trees & Shrubs of Iran. p. 958. ISBN 964-8637-03-2.
  7. Jahanbazi - Goojanil, Hansan; Heydari, Heshmatollah; Sagheb - Talebi, Khosro; Khatamsaz, Mahboobeh (2002). "Site demands of Ulmus boissieri in Bazoft Tangehoonii Chahar Mahal -va- Bakhtyari province". Iranian Journal of Forests and Popular Research. 8 (1): 1–58. doi:10.22092/IJFPR.2002.109686.
  8. Parsa, A. (1950). Flore de l'Iran, 4.
  9. "Herbarium specimen" - plants.jstor.org, le00011358 Labelled U. campestris f. microphylla Boiss., Kerman Province, Persia, 1859 (Pierre Edmond Boissier specimen); re-labelled 'type' Ulmus boissieri Grudz.; Herbarium Russian Academy of Sciences, 1977
  10. Sheet described as U. carpinifolia Gled. cv. 'Rueppellii' (Späth) (Belder Arboretum specimen)
  11. hants.gov.uk/thingstodo/hilliergardens
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