Trumpetfish

The trumpetfishes are three species of highly specialized, tubular-elongated marine fishes in the genus Aulostomus, of the monogeneric family Aulostomidae. The trumpetfishes are members of the order Syngnathiformes, together with the seahorses and the similarly built, closely related cornetfishes.[4][5]

Trumpetfish
Aulostomus chinensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Syngnathiformes
Suborder: Aulostomoidei
Superfamily: Aulostomoidea
Family: Aulostomidae
Rafinesque, 1815[1]
Genus: Aulostomus
Lacépède, 1803[2]
Type species
Fistularia chinensis
Linnaeus, 1766
Species

See text

Synonyms[3]

The generic name, Aulostomus, is a composite of two Greek words: aulos, meaning flute, and stoma, meaning mouth, because the species appear to have tubular snouts.[4] "Flutemouth" is another less-common name for the members of the family (although this word is more often used to refer to closely related cornetfishes of the family Fistulariidae).

Trumpetfishes are found in tropical waters worldwide, with two species in the Atlantic and one in the Indo-Pacific. They are mostly demersal reef-dwellers, where one species seems to prefer rocky substrate.

They are relatively large for reef fish, where they reach almost 1 m in length. Bodies of trumpetfish are elongated, rigid, and pike-shaped.[6] Their dorsal and anal fins are closely adjacent to the tail, where individual dorsal spines reach midway towards the head region. Similar to most members of the order Syngnathiformes, the bodies of trumpetfish are inflexible, supported by interwoven struts of bone. A distinct trait of the family is their long, tubular snouts ending with somewhat nondescript jaws. Members of the family have the capability to expand their jaws quickly into a circular, gaping hole almost to the body's diameter when feeding.

Aulostomids are highly carnivorous fish. They stalk[6] their prey by hovering almost motionlessly a few inches above the substrate, inching their way towards unsuspecting prey. Once close enough, they rapidly dart in and expand their jaws rapidly. Opening their tube-like mouths in quick succession creates a strong suction force, which draws prey straight into the mouth. Aulostomids are known to feed almost exclusively on small, schooling reef fishes.[7]

While they have no commercial fisheries value, members of the family have been known to occasionally be found in the aquarium trade. Although not popular aquarium fish, they are common enough to have websites featuring instructions on keeping them in captivity.[8]

Species

Currently, three species in this genus are recognized:[2]

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References
  1. Bailly N, ed. (2017). "Aulostomidae Rafinesque, 1815". FishBase. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
  2. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2012). Species of Aulostomus in FishBase. October 2012 version.
  3. Eschmeyer, W. N.; R. Fricke & R. van der Laan (eds.). "Aulostomidae genera". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
  4. Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2011). "Aulostomidae" in FishBase. February 2011 version.
  5. "Aulostomidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 4 February 2007.
  6. Juanes, F.; Buckel, J.A.; Scharf, F.S. (2002). "12 Feeding Ecology of Piscivorous Fishes". Handbook of fish biology and fisheries (PDF). Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-632-05412-3. Accessed 2009-06-08.
  7. Orr, J.W. & Pietsch, T.W. (1998). Paxton, J.R. & Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 170–171. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
  8. "Chinese trumpetfish - Aulostomus chinensis". Aquatic Community Tropical Fish. AquaticCommunity.com. 2004. Retrieved 4 February 2007.
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