Tropical Storm Beryl (2000)

Tropical Storm Beryl made landfall just south of the United States–Mexico border in mid-August 2000, causing minimal damage. The second named storm of the 2000 Atlantic hurricane season, Beryl originated from a tropical wave near the African coastline. Tracking westward, the wave failed to organize substantially until entering the Bay of Campeche, at which time it developed into a tropical storm. Beryl rapidly deepened while in the Gulf of Mexico, and it initially was forecast to strengthen to a hurricane under favorable conditions for development. Instead, Beryl remained at moderate tropical storm intensity and failed to intensify any further. It made landfall in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas as a weak tropical storm with winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) on August 15 and dissipated over mountainous terrain shortly thereafter. One death was reported in Mexico due to drowning. Otherwise, no significant damage was reported associated with Beryl, as it affected a sparsely populated area of Mexico.

Tropical Storm Beryl
Tropical storm (SSHWS/NWS)
Tropical Storm Beryl near peak intensity in the Bay of Campeche on August 14
FormedAugust 13, 2000
DissipatedAugust 15, 2000
Highest winds1-minute sustained: 50 mph (85 km/h)
Lowest pressure1007 mbar (hPa); 29.74 inHg
Fatalities1 direct
Damage$27,000 (2000 USD)
Areas affectedNortheast Mexico and Texas
Part of the 2000 Atlantic hurricane season

Meteorological history
Map plotting the track and the intensity of the storm, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale

A tropical wave emerged from the African coast with a closed circulation on August 3. It tracked westward across the tropical waters of the Atlantic Ocean and broke into two distinct parts, the northern portion eventually became Hurricane Alberto. The southern portion continued to track westward into the Caribbean Sea, while producing little or no deep convection. The wave reached Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula on August 12, and only then did deep convection redevelop, mostly due to diurnal heating. The wave emerged over the Bay of Campeche early on August 13 as a large area of low pressure. The wave was upgraded to Tropical Depression Five later that day, based on satellite intensity estimates and an observation from an Air Force Reserve reconnaissance aircraft.[1] Six hours after developing, the depression was forecast to strengthen into a hurricane early on August 16 due to the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico and little wind shear to inhibit development.[2]

The tropical depression traveled to the northwest across the southwest Gulf of Mexico.[1] It strengthened rapidly, and there was evidence of deep convection as it passed over warm waters.[3] It was upgraded to Tropical Storm Beryl late on August 14 with surface winds of 50 mph (85 km/h), based on reconnaissance aircraft observation.[1] Six hours later, the storm accelerated to near 9 mph (15 km/h), meaning that landfall would happen sooner than expected, preventing the time for Beryl to strengthen to a hurricane.[4] However, Beryl failed to undergo significant intensification as was forecast, as it maintained an intensity of 50 mph (85 km/h). The lack of intensification could be due to moderate wind shear and entrainment over the Gulf of Mexico. Tropical Storm Beryl continued to track to the northwest toward the Rio Grande Valley area in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Texas. The storm made landfall early on August 15 along the Mexican coast about 105 mi (165 km) south of Brownsville, Texas, 35 mi (55 km) north La Pesca, Tamaulipas[1] and about 115 mi (185 km) north of Tampico. Beryl was downgraded to a tropical depression about five hours after landfall.[1] The Brownsville radar showed that the circulation center of the storm became elongated parallel to the mountain ranges of northeastern Mexico, so the system was no longer declared a tropical depression late on August 15,[5] while located near Monterrey.[1]

Preparations
Tropical Storm Beryl in the Gulf of Mexico on August 14

The National Hurricane Center began issuing hurricane warnings early on August 14, anticipating that Beryl would reach hurricane strength. The warnings were issued along the Texas coast from Baffin Bay to the United States–Mexico border. The Government of Mexico issued hurricane warnings from the borderline south to La Pesca. The hurricane warnings issued stretched for 230 miles (370 km) along the coast. Mexico also issued a tropical storm warning south of La Pesca to Tampico. A storm surge of 2 to 5 feet (0.6 m to 1.5 m) was expected along the coast near and to the north of Beryl’s center. Rainfall between 5 and 10 inches (125 to 250 mm) were also expected.[6] Thousands of residents in coastal areas of southern Texas and northern Mexico were asked to pay attention to the hurricane warnings and to move towards higher ground. The National Weather Service warned the cities of Cameron and Kenedy, and Willacy County in southern Texas that severe flooding is the deadliest threat associated with the storm. In low-lying rural areas near the mouth of the Rio Grande, an estimated 20,000 residents were urged to seek shelter, as the inadequate drainage in these areas make them in danger to severe flooding. The National Weather Service also warned of possible tornadoes forming when associated with thunderstorms and tropical storm generated winds. Authorities in southern Texas filled 20,000 sandbags along the shores, and closed government offices. Residents nailed plywood on windows, parks were temporarily closed, and documents were transferred to waterproof storage areas.[7]

The warnings remained in effect for twelve hours, then they were discontinued north of Port Mansfield in Texas. The hurricane warning was downgraded to a tropical storm warning in all areas between Port Mansfield southwards to Tampico. It was predicted the rains from Beryl could produce dangerous flash floods and mudslides over the mountainous areas of Mexico.[8] When Beryl made landfall early on August 15, all warnings were discontinued in Texas.[9] All warnings issued in the Government of Mexico were discontinued six hours later when Beryl was downgraded to a tropical depression.[10]

Impact
Tropical Storm Beryl's Rainfall in Mexico

Beryl made landfall in a sparsely populated region of northeast Mexico, so no official reports of tropical storm force winds were recorded.[1] Moisture from Beryl brought 0.8 in (20.1 mm) of rain in Corpus Christi, Texas and 0.5 in (13.7 mm) in Brownsville, Texas in a 48-hour period between August 14 and August 16. The highest winds from these stations were no more than 28 mph (46 km/h). Cloud cover and rainfall resulted with cool high temperatures in southern Texas. Brownsville had a high temperature of 84˚F (28.9˚C) on August 15. This broke the record for the coolest maximum temperature in Brownsville for August 15; the previous record was 85˚F (29.4˚C) set in 1881.[11]

In Mexico a rainfall total of 6.3 in (160 mm) within a period of 24 hours was measured in San Gabriel, Tamaulipas.[12] Residents from two low-lying fishing villages were evacuated from the state of Tamaulipas and taken to extemporaneous shelters at schools and a sports complex.[13] One drowning death was reported in northeast Mexico, caused by the extensive flooding from Beryl's heavy rains.[1] Officials declared fifteen municipalities in Tamaulipas a disaster area.[14] The total damage in Mexico was estimated to be $254,000 (2000 MXN, $27,400 2000 USD, $34,000 2008 USD).[15]

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gollark: I'm sure the other probe AIs could be interested in collaborating on large-scale power generation.
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See also

References
  1. Stacy R. Stewart (November 14, 2000). Tropical Storm Beryl Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 17, 2013.
  2. Stacy R. Stewart (August 13, 2000). Tropical Depression Five Discussion Number 2 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 17, 2013.
  3. James L. Franklin (August 14, 2000). Tropical Storm Beryl Discussion Number 4 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 17, 2013.
  4. James L. Franklin (August 14, 2000). Tropical Storm Beryl Discussion Number 5 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 17, 2013.
  5. James L. Franklin (August 15, 2000). Tropical Storm Beryl Discussion Number 9 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 17, 2013.
  6. James L. Franklin (August 14, 2000). Tropical Storm Beryl Advisory Number 4 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 17, 2013.
  7. "Weather - Tropical Storm Beryl bears down on Texas-Mexico border". CNN. August 14, 2000. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
  8. Stacy R. Stewart (2000). "Tropical Storm Beryl Advisory Number 6". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 17, 2013.
  9. Miles B. Lawrence (August 15, 2000). "Tropical Storm Beryl Advisory Number 7". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 17, 2013.
  10. James L. Franklin (August 15, 2000). Tropical Depression Beryl Advisory 8 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 17, 2013.
  11. Tom Ross (October 2, 2000). Hurricanes - 2000 (Report). National Climatic Data Center. Archived from the original on October 24, 2001. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  12. A. Unzón (2000). Tormenta Tropical Beryl, temporada 2000 (Report) (in Spanish). Centro Nacional de Previsión del Tiempo. Archived from the original on October 4, 2006. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  13. "Tropical storm churns past Baja, rain across northern Mexico - August 15, 2000". CNN. 2000. Archived from the original on February 24, 2007. Retrieved November 29, 2006.
  14. "Noticias de México..." La Prensa San Diego (in Spanish). August 18, 2000. Archived from the original on May 20, 2005. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  15. D. Bitrán (2001). Impacto Socioeconomiconómico De Los Principales Desastes Ocurridos En La República Mexicana En El Año 2000 (PDF) (Report) (in Spanish). CENAPRED. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 27, 2008. Retrieved May 25, 2011.

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