Tridax procumbens

Tridax procumbens, commonly known as coatbuttons[1] or tridax daisy, is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family. It is best known as a widespread weed and pest plant. It is native to the tropical Americas, but it has been introduced to tropical, subtropical, and mild temperate regions worldwide. It is listed as a noxious weed in the United States and has pest status in nine states.[2]

Tridax procumbens
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order:
Asterales
Family:
Asteraceae
Tribe:
Heliantheae
Genus:
Tridax
Species:
T. procumbens
Binomial name
Tridax procumbens

Common names

Its common names include coatbuttons and tridax daisy in English, jayanthi in Kannada, cadillo chisaca in Spanish, herbe caille in French, jayanti veda in Sanskrit, "Kumminnippacha", (കുമ്മിനിന്നിപാച്ച) "Kurikootticheera",(കുറികോട്ടിച്ചിചിറ) "Muriyampachila" (മുരിയമ്പാചില), "Odiyancheera", (ഒഡിയൻ‌ചിറ) "Railpoochedi, (റൈലാപൂച്ചെഡി) "Sanipoovu",(ഷാനിപോവ്) "Thelkuthi" (തെക്കുത്തി) in Malayalam, bikhalyakarani in Assamese, ghamra in Hindi, Tridhara (ত্রিধারা) in Bengali, bishalya karani (ବିଶଲ୍ୟକରଣୀ) in Oriya, kambarmodi, Jakhamjudi & tantani" (कंबरमोडी, जखमजुडी & टनटनी) in Marathi, gayapaaku (గాయపాకు) & gaddi chemanthi (గడ్డి చామంతి) & balapaaku (బలపాకు) in Telugu,vettukaaya poondu or thatha poo or kinatruppasan (கிணற்றுப்பாசான்) in Tamil, Ghaburi (ઘાબુરી) in Gujarati[3] kotobukigiku in Japanese and tīn túkkæ (ตีนตุ๊กแก; "gecko feet") in Thai.[4]

Description
Top view of the flower

The plant bears daisylike yellow-centered white or yellow flowers with three-toothed ray florets. The leaves are toothed and generally arrowhead-shaped. Its fruit is a hard achene covered with stiff hairs and having a feathery, plumelike white pappus at one end. Calyx is represented by scales or reduced to pappus. The plant is invasive in part because it produces so many of these achenes, up to 1500 per plant, and each achene can catch the wind in its pappus and be carried some distance. This plant can be found in fields, meadows, croplands, disturbed areas, lawns, and roadsides in areas with tropical or semi-tropical climates. It is listed in the United States as a Noxious Weed and regulated under the Federal Noxious Weed Act.

Tridax procumbens

Use in traditional medicine

Traditionally, Tridax procumbens has been in use in India for wound healing and as an anticoagulant, antifungal, and insect repellent. The juice extracted from the leaves is directly applied on wounds. Its leaf extracts were used for infectious skin diseases in folk medicines. It is used in Ayurvedic medicine for liver disorders, hepatoprotection, gastritis, and heartburn.[5] Tridax procumbens is also used as treatment for boils, blisters, and cuts by local healers in parts of India.[6]

Chemical constituents

The flavonoid procumbenetin has been isolated from the aerial parts of Tridax procumbens. Other chemical compounds isolated from the plant include alkyl esters, sterols,[7] pentacyclic triterpenes,[7][8] fatty acids,[9] and polysaccharides.[10]

  • Ripe fruit with winged achenes ready for wind-dispersal.
  • Residual fruit after achene dispersal.
  • Crimson Tip Colotis danae in Hyderabad, India. Coat buttons are widely visited by butterflies.
  • Danaus chrysippus feeding on Tridax procumbens in Bandung West Java, Indonesia.
  • Exoskeleton of cicada clinging to Tridax procumbens stem.
  • Flower in Hyderabad, India
  • Wasp feeding the nectar of Tridax procumbens
  • Tridax in Poovankurichi, Tirunelveli
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References
  1. "Tridax procumbens". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
  2. "Tridax procumbens L." at the Encyclopedia of Life
  3. Saxena, V. K.; Albert, Sosanna (2005). "Β-Sitosterol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside from the flowers of Tridax procumbens Linn". Journal of Chemical Sciences. 117 (3): 263–6. doi:10.1007/BF02709296.
  4. "ตีนตุ๊กแก" (in Thai). qsbg. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
  5. Wani, Minal; Pande, Snehal; More, Nitin (2010). "Callus induction studies in Tridax procumbens L." (PDF). International Journal of Biotechnology Applications. 2 (1): 11–4. doi:10.9735/0975-2943.2.1.11-14.
  6. Nallella, Sreeramulu; Suthari, Sateesh; Ragan, A; Raju, Vatsavaya S (2013). "Ethno-botanico-medicine for common human ailments in Nalgonda and Warangal districts of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, India". Annals of Plant Sciences. 2 (7): 220–9.
  7. Gamboa-Leon, Rubi; Vera-Ku, Marina; Peraza-Sanchez, Sergio R.; Ku-Chulim, Carlos; Horta-Baas, Aurelio; Rosado-Vallado, Miguel (2014). "Antileishmanial activity of a mixture of Tridax procumbensand Allium sativumin mice". Parasite. 21: 15. doi:10.1051/parasite/2014016. PMC 3980668. PMID 24717526.
  8. Petchi, Rramesh; Vijaya, C; Parasuraman, S (2013). "Anti-arthritic activity of ethanolic extract of Tridax procumbens (Linn.) in Sprague Dawley rats". Pharmacognosy Research. 5 (2): 113–7. doi:10.4103/0974-8490.110541. PMC 3685759. PMID 23798886.
  9. Ali, Mohammed; Ravinder, Earla; Ramachandram, Ramidi (2001). "A new flavonoid from the aerial parts of Tridax procumbens". Fitoterapia. 72 (3): 313–5. doi:10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00296-3. PMID 11295316.
  10. Pathak, A.K; Saraf, S; Dixit, VK (1991). "Hair growth promoting activity of Tridax procumbens". Fitoterapia. 62: 307–13.

Further reading
  • Everitt, J.H.; Lonard, R.L.; Little, C.R. (2007). Weeds in South Texas and Northern Mexico. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press. ISBN 0896726142.
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