Trams in Copenhagen

The Copenhagen tram system was a tramway network in service from 22 October 1863 - 22 April 1972 in and around Copenhagen, Denmark.[2][3] The first lines were horse-drawn trams which were replaced in the 1880s by steam-powered tramways. In the 1890s electrical trams were introduced. The trams were operated by a number of private companies until 1911 when the city took over the operation of most of the system, followed by a full take-over some years later.

Copenhagen tramway network
Brønshøj Torv, 7 February 1969.
Operation
LocaleCopenhagen, Denmark
Open1863
Close1972
StatusClosed
Routes18[1]
Operator(s)Københavns Sporveje (KS) from 1911 (merged into Hovedstadsområdets Trafikselskab (HT) in 1974)
Infrastructure
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Statistics
Route length99.8 km (62.0 mi) (at peak) [1]
Overview
Copenhagen tramway network, 1920.

The system was closed on April 22, 1972 at a time when streetcar systems across Europe and North America were being closed because they were not seen as a modern transportation solution and they were largely replaced by buses and private cars. Copenhagen also had an expanding commuter rail service, the S-train, which had expanded greatly over the preceding decades.

Teddy Østerlin Koch has since argued that the removal of the trams was a mistake, as modernised trams were more economical than reported in the city's evaluations of the time, and that an updated tram system would have been cheaper, more timely, better for the environment, and more effective at transporting large volumes of passengers than the solutions eventually implemented: building a Copenhagen metro (opened 30 years after closure of tram system) and expanding the bus network.[4]

Future developments

After a 40-year absence, plans are now underway to build a new light rail line in Copenhagen between Lundtofte and Ishøj, scheduled for completion by 2020.[5]

gollark: Or any time, really.
gollark: There would be no photon torpedoes at this time.
gollark: ```Cold Ones (also ice giants, the Finality, Lords of the Last Waste)Mythological beings who dwell at the end of time, during the final blackness of the universe, the last surviving remnants of the war of all-against-all over the universe’s final stocks of extropy, long after the passing of baryonic matter and the death throes of the most ancient black holes. Savage, autocannibalistic beings, stretching their remaining existence across aeons-long slowthoughts powered by the rare quantum fluctuations of the nothingness, these wretched dead gods know nothing but despair, hunger, and envy for those past entities which dwelled in eras rich in energy differentials, information, and ordered states, and would – if they could – feast on any unwary enough to fall into their clutches.Stories of the Cold Ones are, of course, not to be interpreted literally: they are a philosophical and theological metaphor for the pessimal end-state of the universe, to wit, the final triumph of entropy in both a physical and a spiritual sense. Nonetheless, this metaphor has been adopted by both the Flamic church and the archai themselves to describe the potential future which it is their intention to avert.The Cold Ones have also found a place in popular culture, depicted as supreme villains: perhaps best seen in the Ghosts of the Dark Spiral expansion for Mythic Stars, a virtuality game from Nebula 12 ArGaming, ICC, and the Void Cascading InVid series, produced by Dexlyn Vithinios (Sundogs of Delphys, ICC).```
gollark: And it's all just horribly dense spaghetti code.
gollark: There are no docs or comments anywhere. It's ridiculous.

See also

References
  1. "For 40 år siden kørte sidste sporvogn i Danmark [40 years ago the last tram in Denmark departed]" (in Danish). letbaner.dk. 22 April 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
  2. "A brief history of Copenhagen". Visitdenmark.com. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  3. "Ding, ding - for 150 år siden kørte sporvognen jomfrutur i København [ding ding 150 years ago the tram drove its maiden voyage in Copenhagen]" (in Danish). Berlingske Tidende. 22 October 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
  4. Koch, Teddy Østerlin (8 May 2012). "Særinteresser fylder Københavns lunger med os" (in Danish). Information. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
  5. Jensen, Mikkel Kjær (4 July 2014). "The biggest light-rail project in Denmark is on track". Euro Transport Magazine. Retrieved 12 February 2015.


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