Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey

Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey, 3rd Earl of Kent, KG, Earl Marshal (8 September 1372 – 7 January 1400) was an English nobleman and courtier.

Thomas Holland
Duke of Surrey, Earl of Kent
Thomas Holland, Duke of Surrey, in the chronicle of Jean Creton, circa 1405
Born	8 September 1372
Died	7 January 1400 (aged 27) Cirencester, Gloucestershire
Burial	Mount Grace Priory, Yorkshire
Spouse	Joan Stafford (m. 1392)
House	Holland
Father	Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent
Mother	Alice FitzAlan

Early life and family

Arms of Thomas Holland, Duke of Surrey, before 1397

Born on 8 September 1372,[1] Thomas Holland was the eldest son and heir of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent (1350–1397), and Alice FitzAlan, daughter of Richard FitzAlan, 3rd Earl of Arundel. His father was a maternal half-brother of King Richard II, and the younger Thomas had two brothers and six sisters.[2]

Shortly after 20 October 1392,[3] Thomas Holland married Joan Stafford, daughter of Hugh, Earl of Stafford. They had no children.[4] In 1394 he and his father accompanied the king to Ireland.[5]

Arms of Thomas Holland, 1399[6]

On his father's death in 1397 he succeeded him as 3rd Earl of Kent and 4th Baron Holland. At that time Kent's uncle King Richard II was removing the Duke of Gloucester and his associates from power, and sent Kent to arrest his own uncle, the Earl of Arundel. In reward he received a share of the forfeited estates, and on 29 September 1397 was created Duke of Surrey. Another uncle, the Earl of Huntingdon, was created Duke of Exeter on that day as well. In 1398 he founded Mount Grace Priory in Yorkshire.[7]

Last years and execution

Surrey, along with many of King Richard II's advisors, was arrested after the King's deposition by King Henry IV in 1399. In the end he had to forfeit the honours and estates he had gained after the arrests of Gloucester and Arundel, in particular the Dukedom of Surrey, although he retained the Earldom of Kent.

Early in 1400, Kent, along with his uncle, the Earl of Huntingdon (no longer Duke of Exeter), plotted to kill King Henry IV and free King Richard II from prison and return him to the throne. This "Epiphany Rising" failed and Kent was captured and executed.

He was succeeded as Earl of Kent by his brother Edmund.[8]

Ancestry

Ancestors of Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey

16. Sir Robert Holland[lower-roman 1] 8. Robert Holland, 1st Baron Holand[lower-roman 2] 17. Elizabeth Samlesbury[lower-roman 1] 4. Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent[lower-roman 2] 18. Alan la Zouche, 1st Baron la Zouche of Ashby[lower-roman 3] 9. Maud la Zouche[lower-roman 2] 19. Eleanor Segrave[lower-roman 3] 2. Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent 20. Edward I of England[lower-roman 4] 10. Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent[lower-roman 4] 21. Margaret of France[lower-roman 4] 5. Joan, 4th Countess of Kent[lower-roman 2] 22. John Wake, 1st Baron Wake[lower-roman 4] 11. Margaret Wake, 3rd Baroness Wake[lower-roman 4] 23. Joan de Fiennes[lower-roman 5] 1. Thomas Holland, Duke of Surrey 24. Richard FitzAlan, 1st Earl of Arundel[lower-roman 6] 12. Edmund FitzAlan, 2nd Earl of Arundel[lower-roman 6] 25. Alice of Saluzzo[lower-roman 6] 6. Richard FitzAlan, 3rd Earl of Arundel 26. William de Warenne[lower-roman 6] 13. Alice de Warenne[lower-roman 6] 27. Joan de Vere 3. Alice FitzAlan 28. Edmund Crouchback (brother of 20)[lower-roman 7] 14. Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster[lower-roman 8] 29. Blanche of Artois[lower-roman 7] 7. Eleanor of Lancaster[lower-roman 8] 30. Sir Patrick Chaworth[lower-roman 8] 15. Maud Chaworth[lower-roman 8] 31. Isabella de Beauchamp[lower-roman 8] References: Maddicott, J.R. (2004). "Holland, Sir Robert (c. 1283–1328), baron". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/37562.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Stansfield 1987, p. 310 Burke, Bernard (1866). A Genealogical History of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages of the British Empire. London: Harrison. pp. 598–599.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Stansfield 1987, p. 312 Mortimer, Ian (2003). The Greatest Traitor: The Life of Sir Roger Mortimer, Ruler of England 1327–1330. London: Jonathan Cape. pp. 337–344. ISBN 978-0-224-06249-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Given-Wilson, C. (2004). "Fitzalan, Edmund, second earl of Arundel (1285–1326)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/9529.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Mortimer 2007, p. 459 Mortimer, Ian (2007). The Fears of Henry IV: The Life of England's Self-made King. London: Jonathan Cape. p. 460. ISBN 978-0-224-07300-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

References

1. Mooney, Linne, ed. (1998). The Kalendarium of John Somer. Athens: University of Georgia Press. p. 34 n. 102. ISBN 978-0-8203-2092-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
2. Gillespie, James L. (2004). "Holland, Thomas, sixth earl of Kent and duke of Surrey". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/13545.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
3. Cokayne, G.E.; Doubleday, H.A. & Howard de Walden, Lord, eds. (1929). The Complete Peerage. 7 (2nd ed.). London: St. Catherine Press. p. 158. Archived.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
4. Archbold, W.A.J. (1891). "Holland, Thomas, first Duke of Surrey" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. 27. London: Smith, Elder & Co.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
5. Richardson, D. (2011). Kimball G. Everingham (ed.). Magna Carta Ancestry. 2 (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. p. 497. ISBN 978-1-4499-6638-6.
6. (M.S. Harl. 5805, f. 392) ISBN 0-906223-34-2. The Art of Heraldry by A.C. Fox-Davies. Page 97. Fig 201. (Image by Zorlot).
7. Archbold 1891, p. 157.
8. Stansfield, M.M.N. (1987). The Hollands, Dukes of Exeter, Earls of Kent and Huntingdon, 1352–1475 (PDF) (PhD). Corpus Christi College, Oxford.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

External links

• Dukes of Exeter and Surrey − Harley MS 1319 fol. 25
• Online fragment of Mooney 1998
• Thomas Holand

Political offices
Preceded by The Duke of Norfolk	Earl Marshal 1398–1399	Succeeded by The Earl of Westmorland
Peerage of England
Preceded by Thomas Holland	Earl of Kent 1397–1400	Succeeded by Edmund Holland