The Secret Adversary

The Secret Adversary is the second published detective fiction novel by British writer Agatha Christie, first published in January 1922 in the United Kingdom by The Bodley Head[1] and in the United States by Dodd, Mead and Company later in that same year.[2][3] The UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6)[1] and the US edition at $1.75.[3]

The Secret Adversary
Dust-jacket illustration of the first UK edition
AuthorAgatha Christie
Cover artistErnest Akers
CountryUnited Kingdom
LanguageEnglish
GenreCrime novel
PublisherThe Bodley Head
Publication date
January 1922
Media typePrint (hardback & paperback)
Pages320 (first edition, hardback)
Preceded byThe Mysterious Affair at Styles 
Followed byThe Murder on the Links 
TextThe Secret Adversary at Wikisource

The book introduces the characters of Tommy and Tuppence who feature in three other Christie novels and one collection of short stories; the five Tommy and Tuppence books span Agatha Christie's writing career. The Great War is over, and jobs are scarce. Childhood friends Tommy Beresford and Prudence "Tuppence" Cowley meet and agree to start their own business as The Young Adventurers. They are hired for a job that leads them both to many dangerous situations, meeting allies as well, including an American millionaire in search of his cousin.

Reviews were generally positive on this adventure, which manages to keep the identity of the arch-criminal secret to the very end.

Plot summary

In the Prologue, a man quietly gives important papers to a young American woman, as she is more likely to survive the sinking RMS Lusitania in May 1915.

In 1919 London, demobilised soldier Tommy Beresford meets war volunteer Prudence "Tuppence" Cowley. They are both out of work and money. They form "The Young Adventurers, Ltd". Mr Whittington follows Tuppence to offer her work. She uses the alias "Jane Finn", which shocks Whittington. He gives her £50 and then disappears. Curious, they advertise for information regarding Jane Finn.

The advertisement yields two replies. The first is from Mr Carter, whom Tommy recognises as a British intelligence leader from his war service; he tells them of Jane Finn aboard the Lusitania when it sank. She received a secret treaty to deliver to the American embassy in London. She survived but no trace has since been found of her or the treaty, the publication of which now would compromise the British government. They agree to work for him, despite his warnings of the dangerous Mr Brown. The second reply is from Julius Hersheimmer, an American multimillionaire and first cousin of Jane Finn, staying at the Ritz Hotel. Intent on finding her, he has already contacted Scotland Yard; Inspector Brown took his only photo of Jane, before a real inspector contacted him. They join forces with Julius, too.

Whittington mentions the name Rita to Tuppence. Tommy and Tuppence find her among the survivors of Lusitania, Mrs Marguerite Vandemeyer. Whittington and Boris Ivanovitch leave Rita's flat as they reach the building. Tommy and Julius follow them; Tommy follows Boris to a house in Soho, while Julius trails Whittington to Bournemouth. Tommy eavesdrops on a meeting of Bolshevist conspirators, where he is caught. He delays his execution by claiming knowledge of the missing treaty. Tuppence secures the co-operation of Albert, the lift boy at Mrs Vandemeyer's residence, to obtain a job as her maid and hears Rita mention Mr Brown. The next visitor is Sir James Peel Edgerton, K C. On her afternoon off, Tuppence meets Julius at the Ritz. Julius had followed Whittington to a private clinic and seen him meet with a nurse; they both left before Julius could act. Tommy has not returned. Tuppence tells Mr Carter. Tuppence persuades Julius to seek advice from Sir James. Tuppence returns to Rita's flat early, interrupting Rita's preparations to flee. After a tussle, Tuppence forces Rita to admit she knows who Mr Brown is. Julius and Sir James arrive, Mrs Vandemeyer screams, collapses, and murmurs "Mr Brown" to Tuppence just before dying. Julius finds something in Rita's safe.

Seeking Mr Whittington, the three contact Dr Hall at the clinic. Neither Whittington nor Jane is there. Tuppence rushes out upon receiving a telegram signed by Tommy.

At the house in Soho, a young French woman, Annette, serves meals to Tommy. He is tied up to be killed elsewhere. Annette arranges his escape, but refuses to leave herself. Tommy returns to the Ritz; he and Julius recognise the telegram to Tuppence as a ruse, but fail to find her at the address given. Sir James discovers Jane Finn, who has recovered her memory after an accident. She tells them where she hid the treaty, but they find instead a message from Mr Brown. In London, Tommy alerts Mr Carter and learns that Tuppence has drowned. Returning to the Ritz, he and Julius argue; Julius leaves the hotel. While searching for writing paper in Julius's drawer, Tommy finds a photograph of Annette. Tommy concludes that the Jane Finn they met was a plant to stop their investigation. He gets an original copy of the telegram sent to Tuppence, and sees that her destination was altered on the copy he read. Tommy and Albert proceed to the correct destination.

Tommy discovers the house where Tuppence and Annette are being held. Tuppence throws a note from her window. Albert throws back a reply naming the inn where they are staying; later Tommy receives a message from "Twopence" and realises who Mr Brown is.

Julius kidnaps Mr Kramenin, one of the conspirators, forcing him to get Tuppence and Annette released, whereupon all of them drive off in Julius's car, with Tommy riding on the back. It becomes clear that Annette is Jane Finn. Tommy snatches Julius's weapon, and sends Tuppence and Jane by train to Sir James in London. At Sir James's residence, Jane tells her story: after receiving the packet, she became suspicious of Mrs Vandemeyer. Jane placed blank sheets in the original packet, sealing the treaty inside magazine pages. Travelling from Ireland, she was mugged and taken to the house in Soho. Perceiving the intent of her captors, Jane faked amnesia, conversing only in French. She hid the treaty in a picture frame in her room. She maintained her role in the intervening years. Tuppence suspects that Julius is Mr Brown. Sir James agrees, adding that the real Julius was killed in America and that his imposter killed Mrs Vandemeyer. They rush to Soho, recovering the treaty at the house. Sir James identifies himself as the true Mr Brown, and announces his plan to kill them, wound himself, and then blame it on the elusive Mr Brown. Julius and Tommy, who are hiding in the room, overwhelm Sir James. He commits suicide using poison concealed in his ring, the compelling evidence to persuade Mr Carter of his old friend's guilt.

Julius gives a party in honour of Jane. All those concerned in the case meet, including Tuppence's father and Tommy's rich uncle, who makes him his heir. The novel ends with Julius and Jane, and Tommy and Tuppence engaged to marry.

Characters
  • Thomas Beresford: Tommy, young redheaded Englishman who fought in the Great War, wounded twice, considered slow but steady and clear-headed in his thinking, at his best in a tight situation. In his early twenties.
  • Prudence L Cowley: Tuppence, young woman with black bobbed hair, one of several children of a conservative archdeacon, served in the VAD during the Great War. She is modern and stylish, quick and intuitive in her thinking, acts rapidly on her ideas. In her early twenties.
  • Julius P Hersheimer: Millionaire from America, seeking his first cousin Jane Finn, a girl he never met in America due to a family quarrel. He is quick-thinking, quick-acting, and being from America, he carries a gun and knows how to use it. In his early thirties.
  • Mr Carter: Englishman skilled in the intelligence service and connected with the highest political powers, known only by this alias. He seeks the treaty and the girl who might have carried it off the ship.
  • Jane Finn: American woman, 18 years old when she left the US, with good skills in speaking French, who aimed to work in a war hospital during the Great War. She sailed on the Lusitania, and she survived, carrying a document from a man named Danvers.
  • Marguerite Vandemeyer: Rita, a beautiful woman in society who followed Danvers on the Lusitania. She is affiliated with the conspirators and uniquely knows "Mr Brown"'s true identity. Her character is steely and powerful and she sees Sir James socially. She dies by poison.
  • Albert: Lift boy at the building in which Rita Vandemeyer lives, becomes helper to Tuppence, then to Tommy.
  • Mr Whittington: Member of the conspirators who first encounters Tommy and Tuppence as they plan their joint venture over lunch in a restaurant. He spoke Jane Finn's name in the streets as Tommy passed him.
  • Boris Ivanovitch, Count Stepanov: Member of the conspiracy, who keeps in touch with Whittington and Rita.
  • Mr Kramenin: Russian Bolshevik, serving in London, and one of the conspirators, called number one. Julius selects him to lead him to the girls.
  • Dr Hall: Runs the nursing home in Bournemouth where he took in the amnesia patient as a niece of Rita Vandemeyer, under the name Janet, for several years.
  • Sir James Peel Edgerton: MP and prominent London defence lawyer, known to instinctively identify a criminal. He is socially and politically well known, and seen as a potential future prime minister. Mr Carter respects his intelligence, going back years. He sees Rita socially. He is known for his persuasive ways.
  • Mr Brown: Elusive leader of the conspirators, who appears as a man named Brown often, but in a minor role, so others do not recall his appearance. He is key to all decisions of the conspirators, subtle with information, brutal or fatal with his enemies, the master criminal mind of the age.

Literary significance and reception

Upon publication of the first book edition it was reviewed by The Times Literary Supplement in its edition of 26 January 1922, which described it as "a whirl of thrilling adventures". It stated that the characters of Tommy and Tuppence were "refreshingly original" and praised the fact that the "identity of the arch-criminal, the elusive "Mr Brown", is cleverly concealed to the very end".[4]

The critic for The New York Times Book Review (11 June 1922) was also impressed: "It is safe to assert that unless the reader peers into the last chapter or so of the tale, he will not know who this secret adversary is until the author chooses to reveal him." The review gave something of a backhanded compliment when it said that Christie "gives a sense of plausibility to the most preposterous situations and developments." Nevertheless it conceded that

Miss Christie has a clever prattling style that shifts easily into amusing dialogue and so aids the pleasure of the reader as he tears along with Tommy and Tuppence on the trail of the mysterious Mr. Brown. Many of the situations are a bit moth-eaten from frequent usage by other writers, but at that Miss Christie manages to invest them with a new sense of individuality that renders them rather absorbing.[5]

Robert Barnard described the novel as "The first and best (no extravagant compliment this) of the Tommy and Tuppence stories. It tells how the dauntless pair foils a plot to foment labour unrest and red revolution in Britain, masterminded by the man behind the Bolshevists. Good reactionary fun, if you're in that mood."[6]

Some additional blurbs regarding the book, and used by The Bodley Head for advertising subsequent print runs, are as follows:

  • "It's an excellent yarn and the reader will find it as impossible as we did to put it aside until the mystery has been fathomed." — Daily Chronicle[7]
  • "We promise our readers an exciting story of adventure, full of hairbreadth escapes, and many disappointments if they try to guess the riddle before the author is ready to give them the clue. — An excellent story." — Saturday Review.[7]
  • "The atmosphere of the book is admirable and the story will be read with avidity by all. Undoubtedly the book is a success." — East Anglian Daily Times.[7]
  • "A book of thrilling adventure. Sensational adventures which make thrilling and gripping reading. Mrs Christie has certainly succeeded in writing a story not only entertaining, but ingenious and amazingly clever." — Irish Independent.[7]

The one critic who was not so keen on the book was Christie's publisher, John Lane, who had wanted her to write another detective novel along the lines of The Mysterious Affair at Styles.[8]

Adaptations

Film

The Secret Adversary was the second Christie work to be turned into a film. Made in Germany by the Orplid Film company, it was released in that country on 15 February 1929 as Die Abenteurer G.m.b.H., a silent movie which ran for 76 minutes. It was released in the UK and US under the title Adventures Inc. Character names from the book were changed for the film. Previously thought to be lost, it was given a rare showing at the National Film Theatre on 15 July 2001 (see National Film Theatre: A Tribute to the Work of Agatha Christie)

  • Adaptor: Jane Bess
  • Director: Fred Sauer
  • Photography: Adolf Otto Weitzenberg
  • Art Direction:' Leopold Blonder and Franz Schroedter

Cast:

  • Eve Gray as Lucienne Fereoni
  • Carlo Aldini as Pierre Lafitte
  • Elfriede Borodin as Jeanette Finné
  • Hilda Bayley as Rita van den Meer
  • Eberhard Leithoff as George Finné
  • Jack Mylong-Münz as Boris
  • Shayle Gardner as Julius Vardier
  • Hans Mierendorff as Hans Mierendorff
  • Valy Arnheim as Wittington

Television

The novel was adapted twice for television, in 1983 and in 2014 (aired July–August 2015 in the UK).

The book was adapted by London Weekend Television as a 115-minute drama, and transmitted on Sunday, 9 October 1983. It acted as an introduction to a ten-part adaptation of Partners in Crime, made with the same stars, which began transmission one week later under the title Agatha Christie's Partners in Crime.

  • Adaptor: Pat Sandys
  • Director: Tony Wharmby

Cast:

In February 2014, the BBC announced it had commissioned the TV series Partners in Crime, with three episodes as an adaptation of The Secret Adversary, written by Zinnie Harris. It aired in July/August 2015, marking the 125th anniversary of Dame Agatha Christie's birth.[9] The first episode aired in July 2015; it is not set in the post-Great War period, so Tommy and Tuppence are not the young things of that era, are married and have a son sent off to school.[10] It is instead set in 1952, with references made to the Cold War against Stalin.[11]

Tuppence is played by Jessica Raine, Tommy by David Walliams and Jane Finn is played by Camilla Marie Beeput. Rita Vandemeyer is played by Alice Krige. Mr Carter is played by James Fleet. Julius Hersheimer, Jane's uncle in this version, is played by Clarke Peters. Albert becomes Albert Pemberton (Matthew Steer), someone Tommy met during the Second World War, who knows chemistry and is interested in the adventures of Tommy and Tuppence.

Graphic novel adaptation

The Secret Adversary was released by HarperCollins as a graphic novel adaptation on 20 May 2008, adapted by François Rivière and illustrated by Frank Leclercq (ISBN 0-00-727461-0). This was translated from the edition first published in France by Emmanuel Proust éditions in 2003 under the title of Mister Brown.

Stage

Agatha Christie’s The Secret Adversary was presented for the stage for the first time in 2015 as a Watermill Theatre production, adapted from the Christie novel by Sarah Punshon and Johann Hari for a company of seven actors. A play in two acts, it was described in the publicity as being “shot through with fast-paced action, comedy, live music and a dash of romance”. The live music was performed by the cast. Tuppence was played by Emerald O’Hanrahan, and Tommy by Garmon Rhys. It opened and ran at The Watermill Theatre, West Berkshire Playhouse from Thursday the 12th of February to Saturday the 21st of March, and then toured until Saturday the 9th of May, ending its run at the Rose Theatre, Kingston.

On 16 February 2016, Great Lakes Theater debuted a 70-minute stage adaptation as part of their educational programming. Adapted by David Hansen, this production is performed by a cast of five (3 men, 2 women) with most performers playing more than one role.[12]

Publication history
  • 1922, John Lane (The Bodley Head), January 1922, Hardback, 320 pp
  • 1922, Dodd Mead and Company (New York), 1922, Hardback, 330 pp
  • 1927, John Lane (The Bodley Head), February 1927, Hardback (Cheap Edition – two shillings)
  • 1946, Avon Books (New York), Avon number 100, Paperback, 264 pp
  • 1955, Pan Books, Paperback (Pan number 357)
  • 1957, Pan Books, Paperback (Great Pan GP82)
  • 1967, Bantam Books (New York), Paperback
  • 1976, Panther Books (London), Paperback; ISBN 0-586-04424-8
  • 1991, Fontana Books (Imprint of HarperCollins), Paperback, 256pp; ISBN 0-00-617478-7
  • 1991, Ulverscroft Large Print Edition, Hardcover; ISBN 0-7089-2441-7
  • 2001, Signet (Penguin Group), Paperback
  • 2007, Facsimile of 1922 UK first edition (HarperCollins), 5 November 2007, Hardcover, 320 pp; ISBN 0-00-726515-8

Like its predecessor, The Mysterious Affair at Styles, The Secret Adversary was first published as an unillustrated serialisation in The Times weekly edition (aka The Weekly Times) as a complete and unabridged text in seventeen instalments from 12 August (Issue 2328) to 2 December 1921 (Issue 2343).[13] Christie was paid £50 for the serialisation rights (£1,545 in 2003 currency).[8][14]

Book dedication

The dedication of the book reads:
"To all those who lead monotonous lives in the hope that they experience at second hand the delights and dangers of adventure".

This rather whimsical statement was one of only two times that Christie addressed a dedication to her readers, the other occasion being the penultimate Tommy and Tuppence book, By the Pricking of My Thumbs in 1968.

Dustjacket blurb

The dustjacket front flap of the first edition carried no specially written blurb. Instead, it repeated the text which appeared on the jacket of The Mysterious Affair at Styles (the back jacket flap carrying review quotes of the earlier novel). In later editions, blurbs first published in the back of Poirot Investigates were used.[7]

gollark: It means the economy is *planned* by one *central* organization.
gollark: And there are additional complexities from stuff like (dis)economies of scale.
gollark: But only if you don't consider the fact that goods can be in different locations.
gollark: Which is easy for computers to deal with.
gollark: Well, apparently the USSR dealt with a few tens of millions of kinds of good.

References
  1. The English Catalogue of Books. XI A-L January 1921 – December 1925. Millwood, New York: Kraus Reprint Corporation. 1979. p. 310.
  2. John Cooper and B.A. Pyke (1994). Detective Fiction – the collector's guide (Second ed.). Scholar Press. pp. 82, 86. ISBN 0-85967-991-8.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  3. "American Tribute to Agatha Christie: The Classic Years 1920s". May 2007. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
  4. The Times Literary Supplement, 26 January 1922 (p. 61)
  5. The New York Times Book Review, 11 June 1922 (p. 15)
  6. Barnard, Robert (1990). A Talent to Deceive – an appreciation of Agatha Christie (Revised ed.). Fontana Books. p. 200. ISBN 0-00-637474-3.
  7. Christie, Agatha (1924). Poirot Investigates. John Lane Company (The Bodley Head). pp. Advertising supplements following p. 298 of novel.
  8. Thompson, Laura (2008). Agatha Christie: An English Mystery. Headline Review. p. 128.
  9. "Partners In Crime - major new BBC One drama for Agatha Christie's 125th celebration year". BBC. 18 September 2014. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
  10. O'Donovan, Gerard (27 July 2015). "Jessica Raine and David Walliams in Partners in Crime: 'watchable'". The Telegraph. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  11. Partners in Crime (2015) on IMDb
  12. "The @GreatLakesTheater Takes Agatha Christie on the Road". Cool Cleveland. 2016. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
  13. Holdings at the British Library (Newspapers – Colindale). Shelfmark: NPL LON LD77
  14. O'Donoghue, Jim; Goulding, Louise (March 2004). "Consumer Price Inflation Since 1750 – Composite consumer price index with description and assessment of source data, and examples of how to revalue historical amounts to current day prices and calculate changes in purchasing power". Economic Trends, National Statistics Office (604): 38–46. ISSN 0013-0400. Archived from the original on 16 June 2009. Retrieved 25 September 2007.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)

The Secret Adversary is in the public domain in the US. The copyright on the book will not expire in many other Western countries until 2047.

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