Rachel Beer

Rachel Beer (née Sassoon; 7 April 1858 – 29 April 1927) was an Indian-born British newspaper editor. She was editor-in-chief of The Observer and The Sunday Times.

Rachel Beer
Rachel Beer
Born	(1858-04-07)7 April 1858 Bombay, India
Died	29 April 1927(1927-04-29) (aged 69) Royal Tunbridge Wells, England
Resting place	Sassoon Mausoleum, Brighton, England
Occupation	Newspaper editor
Spouse(s)	Frederick Arthur Beer (1887–1903)
Parent(s)	Sassoon David Sassoon Flora (Fahra) Reuben
Relatives	Sassoon family

Early life

Rachel Sassoon was born in Bombay to Sassoon David Sassoon, of the Iraqi Sassoon family, one of the wealthiest families of the 19th century; her father was known as the "Rothschild of the East."[1] As a young woman, she volunteered as a nurse in a hospital.

In 1887, she married the wealthy financier Frederick Arthur Beer, son of Julius Beer (1836–1880), and converted to Christianity. Frederick, an Anglican Christian, was also from a family of converts. In the wake of her conversion, the family disowned her.[2]

The Beers had their roots as a banking family in the Frankfurt ghetto. In the UK they were financiers whose investments included ownership of newspapers.[3]

Journalism career

Soon after she married Frederick, she began contributing articles to The Observer, which the Beer family then owned. In 1891, she took over as editor, becoming the first female editor of a national newspaper in the process.[4] Two years later, she purchased the Sunday Times and became the editor of that newspaper as well. Though "not . . . a brilliant editor",[5] she was known for her "occasional flair and business-like decisions".[6]

During her time as editor, The Observer achieved one of its greatest exclusives: the admission in France by Count Esterhazy that he had forged, under instructions from his superiors, the letters that had falsely convicted the innocent Jewish officer Captain Dreyfus[7] leading to his incarceration on Devil's Island. The story provoked an international outcry and led to the release and pardon of Dreyfus and court martial of Esterhazy.

Last years

Frederick died of syphilis in 1903, having passed it on to his wife.[8] Her own behaviour grew increasingly erratic, culminating in a collapse. The following year she was committed and her trustees sold both newspapers. Although she subsequently recovered, Beer required nursing care for the remainder of her life, spending her final years at Chancellor House in Tunbridge Wells, where she died of the disease in 1927.

Her brother, Alfred, had been cut off by his family for marrying outside the Jewish faith; though Beer had also married a gentile, in her case the action was forgivable because of her sex. In her will she left a generous legacy to her nephew Siegfried Sassoon, enabling him to purchase Heytesbury House in Wiltshire, where he spent the rest of his life. In honour of her bequest, Siegfried hung an oil portrait of his aunt above the fireplace.

While Beer's husband Frederick was buried in his father's large mausoleum in Highgate Cemetery in north London, her family intervened to prevent her burial in that bastion of Anglican religion. Instead she was due to be interred in the Sassoon family mausoleum in Brighton, Sussex. However, her grave is now located in the municipal cemetery at Tunbridge Wells, and a marker has been added to her headstone in recognition of her work as a journalist and editor, paid for by The Observer and The Sunday Times[9][10]

References

1. Hertog, Susan. "The First Lady of Fleet Street". Jewish Ideas Daily. Retrieved 21 May 2012.
2. The life and death of Rachel Beer, a woman who broke with convention
3. Financial Times, 7 & 8 May 2011, p.17.
4. The Observer, 8 May 1983, p. 39
5. http://lrb.veriovps.co.uk/v27/n02/coll01_.html
6. Stanley Jackson, The Sassoons: Portrait of a dynasty, p. 95.
7. Nina Macintyre "The First Lady of Fleet Street", Prospect (blog), 19 June 2013
8. History of a foxhunting man The Guardian, 5 August 2003
9. Vanessa Thorpe (28 June 2020). "Legacy restored for Rachel Beer, Fleet Street's forgotten feminist pioneer". The Observer.
10. Observer and Sunday Times pay for grave memorial to Fleet Street's first female editor Rachel Beer UK Press Gazette 9 July 2020

Bibliography

• Jackson, Stanley (1989). The Sassoons: Portrait of a Dynasty. William Heinemann. ISBN 0-434-37056-8.
• Curney, Vanessa (2004). ""Beer [née Sassoon], Rachel". In Matthew, Colin; Brian Harrison (eds.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. 4. Oxford University Press. pp. 816–817.
• Negev, Eilat and Yehuda Koren (2011) The First Lady of Fleet Street: A Biography of Rachel Beer. (London: JR Books). ISBN 978-1-906779-19-1

Media offices
Preceded by Henry Duff Traill	Editor of The Observer 1891–1904	Succeeded by Austin Harrison
Preceded by Arthur William à Beckett	Editor of The Sunday Times 1893–1901	Succeeded by Leonard Rees