The Pebble and the Penguin

The Pebble and the Penguin is a 1995 American animated musical comedy-drama adventure film produced and directed by Don Bluth and Gary Goldman, starring the voices of Martin Short and Jim Belushi, and based on the true life mating rituals of the Adélie penguins in Antarctica. It centers around a timid, stuttering penguin named Hubie who tries to impress a beautiful penguin named Marina by giving her a pebble that fell from the sky and keep her from the clutches of an evil penguin named Drake who wants Marina for himself.

The Pebble and the Penguin
Theatrical release poster
Directed byDon Bluth (uncredited)
Gary Goldman (uncredited)
Produced byRussell Boland
James Butterworth[1]
Don Bluth (uncredited)
Gary Goldman (uncredited)
John Pomeroy (uncredited)
Screenplay byRachel Koretsky
Steven Whitestone[1]
Starring
Narrated byShani Wallis
Music byBarry Manilow
Bruce Sussman (songs)
Mark Watters (score)
Edited byThomas Moss
Fiona Trayler
Production
company
Distributed byMGM/UA Distribution Co. (United States)
Warner Bros. (International)
Release date
  • April 12, 1995 (1995-04-12)[2]
Running time
74 minutes
CountryUnited States[2]
Ireland
LanguageEnglish
Budget$28 million
Box office$3.984 million[3]

Towards the end of production, MGM made giant changes for the movie, which caused Don Bluth and Gary Goldman to leave their film and demand to have their names taken off the film, the two would start working on a new animation studio in Phoenix, Arizona.

The film was released to theaters by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer on April 12, 1995,[2] where it did somewhat better at the box office than Bluth's previous film A Troll in Central Park, but still failed to recoup its budget, and it received mostly negative reviews, mostly in regards to the weaker animation compared to Don Bluth's previous movies but has since gained a cult following. This is the last film to be produced by Sullivan Bluth Studios before the studio went bankrupt.

Plot

In Antarctica, there is a tradition done by the Adelie Penguins where during the mating season, the male birds gather on the beaches to find a pebble to use as a mating ritual, and during the night of the full moon mating ceremony, the males propose to the female they love by presenting their pebble to them, and if they accept it, they become a married couple.

Hubie is one of them, a shy and good-hearted penguin who is in love with Marina, the most beautiful penguin in the rookery who also seems to like him, but his competitor for Marina's affection is his rival Drake, a muscular penguin who is said to always get his way. One night, Hubie and Marina discuss their feelings for each other, but Hubie is unable to find a suitable pebble to propose to Marina with due to both his clumsiness and the other penguins desperately trying to find pebbles, too. He wishes on a star to make his dream come true and he receives a beautiful emerald cube from the sky. Hubie ecstatically rushes to find Marina but is thwarted by Drake, who taunts the penguin, telling him nobody will marry somebody like him. When Drake demands Hubie to give him the emerald, Hubie refuses and Drake throws him into the water. Hubie narrowly escapes from a leopard seal and climbs onto a piece of an iceberg where he is swept away from Antarctica.

Hubie, who was asleep for three days, is picked up by humans and caged on their ship called "Misery", which transports penguins to a zoo, and meets a tough, grumpy, streetwise and somewhat arrogant but good-hearted rockhopper penguin named Rocko. After seeing a vision where Drake tries to hound Marina into marrying him and tells her that she'll be banished if she doesn't find a mate before the mating ceremony, Hubie decides to escape with Rocko and flees, before laying low on a beach. Rocko reluctantly tells Hubie about his desire to fly and live in tropical climate. He convinces him to help him return to Antarctica by making up a lie about a flying penguin named Waldo. They have a short fight after Rocko tries to fly off to "an authentic, ancient aviarial airstrip" and another after Rocko saves Hubie from a killer whale. The two attempt to depart, but Hubie admits to Rocko that he lied to him about Waldo, which infuriates Rocko to the point he attempts to attack Hubie, but soon starts laughing when Hubie does an impression of a wheezing noise, and praises Hubie's determination to get back to Marina. Hubie and Rocko run into the hungry and persistent leopard seal but are able to escape it. With that, they become true friends, and Rocko later teaches Hubie how to fight for Marina when the time will come. However, their joy is short-lived as three killer whales attack them, causing Hubie's pebble to get lost in the scuffle and Rocko to go missing, leaving Hubie to think he perished. Disheartened, Hubie eventually finds Drake's lair, and finds out that Drake had kidnapped Marina to force her to be his mate. Drake and Hubie charge at each other, but the former ends up knocking Hubie out and, thinking he won, tries carrying Marina off to the depths of his lair. Hubie, however, resuscitates and, remembering what Rocko taught him, fights Drake by doing martial arts and initially defeats him by dropkicking him off the stairway.

Hubie becomes overjoyed when Marina accepts his marriage proposal, and even more when Rocko reveals himself to be alive. Suddenly, while reuniting, Hubie and Rocko hear Marina scream in agony as Drake lifts the stair she was standing on and, in a final move, he throws it at Hubie, intending to crush him once and for all, however, the two penguins both dodge the large stone just in time. The impact causes considerable damage to Drake's tower with several slabs falling from the overhang, one of which crushing him instead. Rocko, however, rescues Hubie and Marina as the tower collapses while somehow gaining the ability to fly. When they arrive at the ceremony, Rocko gives Hubie his pebble and he presents it to Marina, and she tells him that she loves his pebble, but loves him even more and the two become mates. Rocko decides to stay in Antarctica with the film closing on him teaching Hubie and Marina's offspring how to fly.

Cast and characters

Production

Conception

The Animated Movie Guide said "considering the artistic and financial success of Disney's Beauty and the Beast, Don Bluth and Gary Goldman decided to cater to the dating crowd, in addition to preschoolers".[5] The Pebble and the Penguin was produced by Don Bluth Ireland Limited. At one point, production began in November 1991. The working title of the film was A Penguin Story. In 1994, "Bluth spoke enthusiastically of such pending projects as The Pebble and the Penguin and A Troll in Central Park".[6] The film was originally slated for release in summer 1994 (while Thumbelina was scheduled for November 1993 and A Troll in Central Park was scheduled for March 1994), but due to some production difficulties (and probably to avoid competition with The Lion King, Baby's Day Out, Speed, and Forrest Gump), the film's release date was changed to April 1995.[7]

Animation and research

Though Bluth Productions was based in Dublin, artists from Ireland, England and Hungary worked on the project, at least seven directing animators working on the film; among them John Pomeroy.[8] The penguins in the film are clothed. Humans wearing penguin costumes were filmed and then used as photostat references for the animators.[5] The iconic quote from Hubie, "Goodness glaciers!" as well as his overall appearance, is a sly reference to Gentleman Glacier, an old Canadian newspaper cartoon used to illustrate snow accumulation each year. Only two scenes in the film were "augmented by computer animation", one of which being "The Good Ship Misery" song sequence.[9] The opening credit and overture sequence has the animated penguin characters playing and dancing on the sheet music for the songs in the film. According to The Free Lance–Star, the animators researched for the film by "watching documentaries and visiting zoos, such as San Diego's Sea World and Scotland's Glasgow Zoo". The site added that in promotional material, the animators explained they "discovered that the land of snow and ice shines with many different hues".[9]

Production problems

During a late stage in the production, MGM insisted for numerous changes to be made to the film, such as removing some characters, trimming down some sequences, and having the voices be re-recorded, as a result, the animation, in particular the special effects, fell behind and to make sure the movie made it to the deadline, additional coloring had to be done at Reflex Animation Ltd, a Hungarian animation studio. Don Bluth and Gary Goldman were so dissatisfied with the changes MGM was insisting that they left during production (to help set up Fox Animation Studios) and demanded to be uncredited as the directors.[10] The book Animated Films said, "changes at MGM during production...resulted in the project being affected in terms of production value".[11] In a 2001 edition of his magazine Toon Talk, Bluth admitted "Penguin had story problems. We knew it. The crew knew it". Though he attempted to fix these issues when his Irish studio got taken over by the Hong Kong company Media Assets, "the story and film were now compromised", so neither he nor Goldman stayed. They had their names removed from the film's credits and accepted an offer by Bill Mechanic - 20th Century Fox's then-president - to set up a new animation studio in the US (which would become Fox Animation Studios). Bluth said to his animation crew "I can't chew with someone else's mouth".[5] Despite this executive interference, The Animated Movie Guide noted MGM/UA producer Walter Mirisch's comments on the film: "I think it's one of Don's best films ever...There's no issue of our claiming the credit for this. It's his film".[5]

Music
Main article: The Pebble and the Penguin (soundtrack)

The songs were written by Barry Manilow, who previously wrote the songs for Thumbelina, along with longtime collaborator and lyricist Bruce Sussman.[9] The film's score was composed by Mark Watters. Manilow, who had "started off wanting to be a composer," got an opportunity to do this when he was approached to "compose songs and the underscore" for the film and Thumbelina.[12] Barbadian singer Geoffrey Holder sang the deleted song "The Beachmaster" for the film.[13] An accompanying soundtrack was released on April 11, 1995. The instruments in the songs and score were performed by The Irish Film Orchestra. This soundtrack is currently out of print.

This is a list of musical numbers for the film:

#TitlePerformer(s)
1"Now and Forever"Hubie, Marina, and Company
2"Sometimes I Wonder"Hubie and Marina
3"The Good Ship Misery"Company
4"Don't Make Me Laugh"Drake
5"Sometimes I Wonder (Reprise)"Marina
6"Looks Like I Got Me a Friend"Hubie and Rocko
7"Now and Forever (Reprise)"Company
8"Now and Forever (End Credits)"Barry Manilow and Sheena Easton

Release

Theatrical

The Pebble and the Penguin was released in the United States and Canada on April 12, 1995. When the film was nearing completion, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer purchased the distribution rights in North America, while Warner Bros. obtained the foreign distribution rights under the Warner Bros. Family Entertainment label.

Marketing

The film's tagline was "The adventure of a lifetime begins with one small pebble".[14] Seventy-five readers of San Antonio Express-News each won four tickets to the film. The special showing was held at 11 a.m. on April 8 at the Embassy Theaters.[15] The Pebble and the Penguin was cross-promoted with Anheuser-Busch's Sea World Parks.[16]

Driving Mr. Pink

The Pebble and the Penguin was accompanied in its theater run by a new Pink Panther short entitled Driving Mr. Pink in the United States,[17] which was adapted from an episode of the successful Pink Panther TV series (though The Pebble and the Penguin was accompanied in its theater run by a new Looney Tunes short entitled Carrotblanca internationally). The short was directed by Charles Grosvenor and Byron Vaughns, and the lead animator was David Feiss, who would go on to create Cow and Chicken and I Am Weasel. The short also featured the character of Voodoo Man from the 1995 TV show.[5] It is a late one-off short in the Pink Panther short series – they were abundant and popular until 1980.[18] SFGate described the short as "loud, obnoxious, [and] idiotic".[8]

Reception

Box office

The Pebble and the Penguin did poorly at the box office, grossing a little over $3.984 million against a $28 million budget, mainly because it was overshadowed by A Goofy Movie which was released five days earlier.[3] However, the movie became popular among audience and later gained a cult following through home video releases.

Critical reception
One of animator Don Bluth's lesser efforts, The Pebble and the Penguin is cute but little more. The primary culprit is the script; aside from the unusual setting and small parcels of information about Emperor penguins, is hackneyed and uninvolving. The decision to focus on the relationship between Hubie and Rocko (while relegating the leading female character to nothing more than a trite damsel-in-distress role) is unfortunate, as the writers bring nothing new to the "buddy" concept and their attempts at humorous dialogue for the pair are often painful. With the exception of a song that pays homage to Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill, the Barry Manilow-Bruce Sussman songs are even worse. Bluth is incapable of creating bad animation, and there are several sequences (especially those taking place underwater) that have moments of beauty; overall, however, the animation doesn't have enough sparkle to breathe life into the movie. The cast is certainly not at fault, with Martin Short doing everything short of bursting through the screen to hold the viewer's attention, Tim Curry turning in a reliably sinister performance, and Annie Golden lending her powerful and unique belt to the little she is given to sing. Penguin is not totally without charm -- but the amount it has could almost be fit into a pebble.

A review of the film by AllRovi, concisely summing up the general consensus among reviews.[19]

On Rotten Tomatoes the film has a rating of 10% based on 10 reviews, with an average rating of 3.38/10.[20] The film was given a Two Thumbs Down on Siskel & Ebert, with Gene Siskel noted that the film's animation looks "cheap and unfinished" and that "none of the songs are memorable" while Roger Ebert added his dislike of the "dumb songs", "silly story", and the film's color-coding of its heroes and villains.[21][22] Ebert took this a step further by arguing "What do kids learn from this? Nothing overt. Just a quiet, unstated impression: White is good and brave, and brown is scheming and negative. Reinforce that through lots of cartoons (examples: Aladdin and The Rescuers Down Under) and no wonder even black children choose white dolls in some psychological experiments".[23] Deseret News said, "the songs are forgettable, the story one-note and the characterizations quite weak".[24] The Austin Chronicle said the film "lacks dramatic structure and narrative drive: Songs and animated action pieces are narratively connected but the film doesn't feel as though it is an organic whole. All the elements are here, they just don't come together".[25] Time Out said "The characterisations are weak and unendearing. Worse, the big 'action' sequences turn up with the pacing and predictability of clock chimes. And, in what is perhaps the last great medium for musicals, the perfunctoriness of Barry Manilow's songs and arrangements seem guaranteed to put off yet another generation".[26] The New York Times wrote that 4 would be "the optimum age for viewers of this gentle, animated musical", adding that "the action seems flat and low-rent compared to those earlier movies", and that it "doesn't have the vivid characters, first-rate animation or sense of adventure that turns movies like The Lion King into endlessly watchable favorites".[27]

Washington Post Staff Writer Hal Hinson wrote, "the banality of the story, the pallid look, the flatness of the characters add up to a product that is, at best, second rate".[17] SFGate said the "gnashing whale scenes are intense enough to push the G-rating envelope".[8] The Spokesman-Review wrote, "it is only an average effort in virtually every respect".[28] The Record said "The orchestration is too fancy, too loud and often drowns out the lyrics. This is a kid's movie, but musically it sounds like a full-costume Broadway show with full-supporting chorus line". It added "It's a little disturbing to see a children's movie that perpetuates the erroneous image of killer whales as violent creatures. It is, however, a perfect indication of the limited imagination which went into writing The Pebble and the Penguin".[29] The Free Lance–Star said the film got a "charming mating ritual" and turned it into "sappy action romance with celebrity voices".[9] The book Contemporary North American Film Directors suggested that the film suffered from "the same unimaginative and cliched Disney of the 1970s that Bluth had been so critical of".[30] The Animated Movie Guide said, "the hero was a stuttering wimp, the songs didn't advance the plot, the dialogue was incessant and superfluous, and the pacing was plodding and dull", and also said the film was an "utter waste of talent and resources", due to interference from external forces.[5]

Some critics did praise various aspects of the film, however, particularly in regard to Bluth's animation. These reviews, however, were almost exclusively mixed. Common Sense Media said, "the background animation of capricious weather conditions is lovely, as are the top-notch original songs by Barry Manilow and Mark Watters".[31] Deseret News said: "Bluth's strength continues to be colorful, classical-style animation, and there are some gorgeous moments here — especially some underwater sequences".[24] The Austin Chronicle said: "The Pebble and the Penguin features some beautifully animated sequences [...] The characters are great and the voice talents of Martin Short...and James Belushi...are terrific".[25] Variety said the film has a "heartwarming story, some lively songs and professional animation", adding that it is "a sweet, enjoyable romantic tale more likely to succeed as an afternoon diversion on home video than on the big screen".[32] The New York Times wrote "The tunes Mr. Manilow has written for the movie are, like his familiar pop standards, bouncy and catchy", and commented that "the animation is fine".[27] Washington Post Staff Writer Hal Hinson wrote that "A flourishing opening number—titled 'Here and Now'—proves that Short can belt out a song with the best of them", adding that the "Bluth studio style of animation is passable, and, in the case of a Brecht-Weill flavored production number, occasionally inspired."[17]

SFGate described the "show-tune- style songs" as "pleasant but forgettable", adding that "the singing by Short, Belushi, Curry and Broadway belter Golden is the best thing about the film". It also noted that "One of the obvious obstacles was how to color a film whose natural shadings tend toward black, white and degrees of gray. The result is a lot of odd but fascinating colorations -- the sky might turn up yellow at times, or the sea a deep maroon".[8] The Spokesman-Review' wrote "in an era when G-rated movies are as rare as Hollywood humility, any attempt at family entertainment should be lauded", adding "let us salute Don Bluth and his team of animators".[28] In a rare case, The Daily Gazette gave the film 4 stars.[33] Monica Sullivan of Movie Magazine International noted that the film was "heartily enjoyed by the two little girls who saw it with me at a kiddie matinee".[34]

Awards

The 2007 DVD release of The Pebble and the Penguin was nominated for a Satellite Award for "Best Youth DVD" from the International Press Academy but was beaten by Disney and Pixar's Ratatouille.[35][36]

Year Nominee / work Award Result
2007 The Pebble and the Penguin Satellite Award for Best Youth DVD Nominated

Home media

The Pebble and the Penguin was released on VHS and LaserDisc by MGM/UA Home Video on August 15, 1995.[5] Warner Home Video released the film on VHS internationally in countries such as the United Kingdom, Australia, and Japan. It had a rather successful run on home video, becoming a fast seller alongside other animated films released that month, and thus achieved a cult status at the time. This VHS release also includes a teaser trailer for All Dogs Go to Heaven 2, a theatrical sequel to All Dogs Go to Heaven.

Throughout 1997, songs from the film were released alongside others from the MGM vaults in four MGM Sing-Along cassettes released by MGM. The loosely themed tapes had titles such as "Searching for Your Dreams", "Having Fun", and "Being Happy".[37] The Pebble and the Penguin was first released on DVD in 1999. MGM's original DVD was released in an open-matte format rather than being pan and scanned like the VHS, thus exposing many of the animation errors resulted from the time constraints during productions.

A "Family Fun Edition" of the film was released only in the United States and Canada on March 27, 2007, by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. Though they were initially unsatisfied with how the movie turned out, Don Bluth and Gary Goldman returned to supervise the restoration for the "Family Fun Edition", which features color corrections, refielded scenes to hide missing effects and correct other errors from the theatrical and LaserDisc releases and the VHS and un-restored 1999 print of the DVD releases.[38][39] The Family Fun Edition was nominated for the Satellite Award for Best Youth DVD.

The 2007 DVD release of The Pebble and the Penguin was according to The Hindu News a part of a wave of penguin-related media consisting of March of the Penguins, Happy Feet, Farce of the Penguins, and Surf's Up.[40] This trend was also picked up on by The Paramas Post[41] and The Age.[42] In 2010, the film was re-released along with Rock-a-Doodle as a double sided DVD, but it carries the un-restored 1999 print.[43]

The film was released on Blu-ray for the first time on October 11, 2011.[44]

Much like Thumbelina and A Troll in Central Park, the film's international rights ownership is currently held by Disney via 20th Century Studios (although since 2006 and until June 30, 2020, 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment handled home video distribution of the MGM library (including The Pebble and the Penguin) worldwide, as such, the UK DVD release of the movie restored the MGM references).

gollark: But food can't be *that* energetically expensive to digest or it wouldn't work as food.
gollark: Well, that's digestion, not eating.
gollark: Celery.
gollark: I assume it's negligible, they're light and you just have to move your limbs a bit of distance.
gollark: I suppose if you do that a *lot*, you probably reach a point where you can't eat cereal bars rapidly enough.

References
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  3. "The Pebble and the Penguin (1995)". Box Office Mojo.
  4. Maggie Roswell at maggieroswell.com
  5. The Animated Movie Guide - Jerry Beck - Google Books. Books.google.com.au. March 30, 2002. ISBN 9781569762226. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
  6. "An Animated reputation Artist blooms in Disney's shadow". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. April 1, 1994. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
  7. Anderson, George (April 4, 1992). "Animator sees cartoon features improving". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. 10. Retrieved January 17, 2012.
  8. Peter Stack (April 14, 1995). "Penguin Love Melts the Ice in `Pebble' / Animated film has famous voices". SFGate. Retrieved October 13, 2013.
  9. Sumner, Jane (April 14, 1995). "'Penguin' a flightless bird". The Free-Lance Star. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
  10. The A to Z of Animation and Cartoons - Nichola Dobson - Google Books. Books.google.com.au. April 1, 2010. ISBN 9781461664024. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
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  28. "The Pebble and the Penguin". The Spokesman-Review. April 27, 1995. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
  29. "Pebble and the Penguin a pleasant children's film". Pqasb.pqarchiver.com. April 21, 1995. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
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  36. Ratatouille - IMDb, retrieved 2019-09-25
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  40. "The Hindu News Update Service". Chennai, India: Hindu.com. March 30, 2007. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
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  42. "Penguins galore - Film - Entertainment". theage.com.au. Melbourne. April 2, 2007. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
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  44. "The Pebble and the Penguin Blu-ray". Blu-ray.com. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
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