The Martyrdom of Nurse Cavell

The Martyrdom of Nurse Cavell is a 1916 Australian silent film about the execution of nurse Edith Cavell during World War I.

The Martyrdom of Nurse Cavell
Still from the film
Directed byJohn Gavin
C. Post Mason
Produced byJohn Gavin
Written byAgnes Gavin[1]
StarringVera Pearce
CinematographyLacey Percival
Production
company
Australian Famous Feature Company
Release date
1916
Running time
4,000 feet
CountryAustralia
LanguageSilent
Budget£450[2][3] or £1,400[4] or £300,[5]
Box office£25,000 (est.)[2][4]

Although one of the most popular Australian silent movies ever made, it is considered a lost film.

Synopsis

The story is told in four parts. The film starts at the English home of Edith Cavell before the war, then jumps forward six years to a Belgium hospital, where Cavell is working. The war is about to start and Dr Schultz suggests Nurse Cavell return home but she refuses, saying her place is with the sick. She gets an invitation to the wedding of two friends, Lt Renard and Yvonne Loudet. Herr Cries is also invited; he pretends to be a medical student but is in fact a foreign spy and is a rejected suitor of Yvonne. He forces himself on her but Lt Renard knocks him out and Cries departs, swearing vengeance. The wedding ends when everyone gets news that war has been declared and Renard goes to military headquarters.

Four months later Brussels has been occupied by the Germans and Cavell is tending wounded British, German and Belgium soldiers. Lt Renard has been captured and imprisoned by the Germans. He makes an escape with the help of friends and visits his wife and parents. Yvonne asks Nurse Cavell to help them escape the country. She advises her to send her husband to the Cafe Française and give the password "Liberty" to Monsieur Fouchard, the proprietor, in exchange for false passports.

Renard succeeds but Herr Cries and Captain Hoffberg follow him home. Hoffberg murders Renard's father, causing the mother to die of shock. He then tries to rape Yvonne but Renard intervenes. A struggle ensues with Yvonne saving her husband's life and the two of them escaping.

Cries and Hoffberg report the escape to Baron von Bissell, Military Governor of Brussels, and report their suspicions about Nurse Cavell. Searching the hospital, Cries finds a letter from England incriminating Nurse Cavell for assisting another prisoner of war to escape. She is captured by the Germans and refused legal advice, being secretly tried and sentenced to death.

The American Ambassador pleads for her life and the Reverend Gerard demands the right of see her and administer communion. The German officer Von Bissell grants a permit. She is sentenced and shot at 2am, her last words being: "Tell my friends I give my life willingly for my country. I have no fear or shrinking. I have seen death so often, it is not fearful or strange to me."[6][7]

Cast
  • Vera Pearce as Edith Cavell
  • John Gavin as Captain von Hoffberg, a German cavalry officer
  • C. Post Mason as Georges Renard, a Belgian officer
  • Harrington Reynolds as Reverend Thomas Gerard
  • Percy Walshe as Baron Von Bissell, the German military Governor at Brussels
  • Charles Villiers as Herr Cries, a German spy
  • George Portus as Dr Schultz
  • Roland Stavey as American Ambassador
  • James Martin as Monsieur Renard
  • Robert Floyd as Monsieur Fouchard of the Cafe Française
  • George Farrell as disabled soldier
  • Ethel Bashford as Yvonne Loudet, Lt Reynard's sweetheart
  • Clare Stephenson as Madame Renard
  • Nellie Power as Nurse Marcheau

Production

John Gavin got the idea to make the film after reading a newspaper story about Cavell's death. Agnes Gavin wrote the script overnight and finance was obtained from two leading distributors, J. D. Williams and the partnership of Stanley Crick and Jones.[8]

Agnes Gavin copyrighted her script on 7 January 1916.[9]

Filming took three weeks in and around Sydney, with locations at Watsons Bay[10] and interiors at Darlinghurst Gaol (standing in for German Headquarters[11]) and the Rushcutters Bay Studio, finishing in early January 1916. It was the first film made on this topic in the world.[12]

The movie was co-directed with an American, C. Post Mason, who had been working for Australasian Films and also appeared in the movie. Eleven stone Mason had a fight scene with 18 stone Gavin, which Mason's character was required to win; in order to make this believable the script was rewritten to have Ethel Bashford's character come in and smash Gavin over the head with a vase.[13] (Post moved to New York to promote the movie in North America. He decided to stay there and died during the 1918 flu pandemic.)[3]

Vera Pearce was appearing in the Tivoli Follies at the time. Harrington Reynolds had just appeared on stage in The Rosary. The Motion Picture News wrote during production that "I am off the opinion that it will be one of the usual war dramas. If so, it seems a pity to waste such talent as that possessed by Miss Pearce and Harrington Reynolds."[14]

Australian Prime Minister William Hughes sent a letter to Mason prior to the film's release, stating that:

I shall certainly be pleased to see the Photo-play dealing with the Martyrdom and execution of Nurse Cavell, which you propose to produce shortly; but I'm very much afraid that I shall not be able to do so, seeing that in the course of a few days I shall be leaving Australian for London and will be absent for some little time. I wish the venture success, and hope it may be the medium of impressing on people the dreadful inhumanity of our enemy."[15]

Reception

The film was given a preview in front of several notables in January 1916, including the Governor General and acting Prime Minister.[16]

Reviews were generally good[17] and the film was very successful at the box office, achieving release in the US, South Africa, Canada,[18] India[19] and the UK.

By April 1917 it had made £10,000.[20]

Gavin said the film made over £20,000.[8]

gollark: I will never understand why the RPi Foundation thought their plastic cases were sensible.
gollark: Do they stream in cinema aspect ratio? Also, I'm okay with not having those on my phone.
gollark: I don't think you can get cinema movies yourself very easily, and it's a bit of an odd reason to make the phone excessively tall or add a notch.
gollark: Also, what aspect ratio are movies? 1.87:1 corresponds to no common aspect ratio I know of.
gollark: Just... make the screen whatever size is needed, instead of "extending" the screen in a way which makes it worse at viewing *rectangular content*?

References
  1. Copyright registration of script at National Archives of Australia
  2. "FILM TRADE". The Sydney Morning Herald. National Library of Australia. 18 October 1927. p. 11. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
  3. Andrew Pike and Ross Cooper, Australian Film 1900–1977: A Guide to Feature Film Production, Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1998, 59.
  4. "£100,000 SPENT."' Advocate (Burnie, Tas) 5 Jan 1928: 6 accessed 6 December 2011
  5. Everyones, Everyones Ltd, 1920, retrieved 30 May 2018
  6. 'Nurse Cavell at Cairns Pictures', Cairns Post, Thursday 6 April 1916 p 4
  7. "Advertising". The Sydney Morning Herald. National Library of Australia. 29 January 1916. p. 2. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
  8. Everyones, Everyones Ltd, 1920, retrieved 30 May 2018
  9. "PROCEEDINGS UNDER THE COPYRIGHT ACT 1912". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette (47). Australia, Australia. 13 April 1916. p. 911. Retrieved 9 March 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  10. "HUNS AT SOUTH HEAD". The Sunday Times. Sydney: National Library of Australia. 6 February 1916. p. 16. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
  11. "Advertising". Queensland Figaro. Brisbane: National Library of Australia. 12 February 1916. p. 5. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
  12. "AUSTRALIAN FILM". The Mail. Adelaide: National Library of Australia. 12 February 1916. p. 6. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
  13. "AUSTRALIAN FILM". The Mail. Adelaide: National Library of Australia. 12 February 1916. p. 6. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
  14. "Film News from Foreign Parts", Motion Picture News 11 March 1916 accessed 23 November 1916
  15. "Advertising". The Sydney Morning Herald. National Library of Australia. 22 January 1916. p. 2. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
  16. "STORY OF NURSE CAVELL". The Argus. Melbourne: National Library of Australia. 12 February 1916. p. 19. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
  17. "ENGLAND'S HEROINE". The Mail. Adelaide: National Library of Australia. 19 February 1916. p. 7. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
  18. "Nurse Cavell Picture Coming Soon", Motion Picture News, May 1916, accessed 23 November 2014
  19. "BOMBAY ENGAGEMENTS: TODAY" The Times of India [New Delhi] 16 May 1916: 5.
  20. "PAYING THE TAX". The Mirror of Australia. Sydney: National Library of Australia. 7 April 1917. p. 14. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
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