Tefé

Tefé, Amazonas, Brasil
Tefé, Amazonas, Brasil
	Municipality
	Municipality of Tefé
	Flag Seal
	Nickname(s): Princesinha do Rio Solimões ( Princess of the Solimões River in Portuguese)
	Location in Tefé, Amazonas
	Coordinates: 03°21′14″S 64°42′39″W
Country	Brazil
Region	North
State	Amazonas
Founded	1759
Government
• Mayor	Antenor Moreira Paz (PSD)
Area
• Total	23,704.426 km2 (9,152.330 sq mi)
Elevation	75 m (246 ft)
Population (2014)
• Total	62,662
• Density	2.6/km2 (6.8/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC-4 (AST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-4 (DST no longer used)
Demonym	tefeense

Tefé (Teffé in early accounts) is a municipality in the state of Amazonas, northern Brazil.

Location

Tefé is located about 525 km by air or 595 km by river to the west of Manaus on the south bank of the Rio Solimões (the upper Amazon), on the lake formed by the mouth of the Tefé River. The nearest large city is Coari, 192 km SE by east of Tefé.

The municipal seat of Tefé is the largest town and commercial center of the middle Solimões region. Its population was 61,453 (IBGE 2010) evenly divided between urban and rural, and its area is 23,704 km².[1] There are no roads into Tefé and the only access is by river boat or plane. By fast boat it is about 12 hours from Manaus. TRIP Linhas Aereas operate flights from Manaus to Tefé Airport.

The city is the home of the Territorial Prelature of Tefé. Tefé is also the major starting point for trips into the Mamiraua Reserve.

The municipality is in the Juruá-Purus moist forests ecoregion.[2] It contains 46% of the Tefé National Forest, created in 1989.[3] The municipality contains 33.85% of the 217,486 hectares (537,420 acres) Catuá-Ipixuna Extractive Reserve, established in 2003 as the first extractive reserve in the state of Amazonas.[4]

History

As early as 1620 the Portuguese Carmelites could already boast of converts among the Muras, those natives of the Amazon established around Lake Teffé and on the borders of the neighbouring rivers. Tefé, also called Ega at one time, was the fourth of eight aldeias[5] founded by Carmelite missionaries between 1697 and 1751[Note 1] along the Solimões and Negro Rivers. In 1759 the commandant Joaquim de Mello da Povoas converted the Carmelite mission on Lake Tefé into a town, which he named Ega; it was elevated to a city named Tefé in 1855 (but was known as Tefé before that time). The mission, called Parauarí, was originally established on Ilha dos Veados three leagues from the location on the opposite shore of Lake Tefe, called today by the name of Nogueira. It was abandoned due to a smallpox outbreak in the early 18th century and moved across the lake, where it remains today.[Note 2] The survivors were taken to its present site by F. Andre da Costa in 1817.

Henry W. Bates also describes in detail the cultural interactions of the natives with those in the town from his trip in the 1850s. He describes that the natives learned Tupi very quickly, and despite having a very large and diverse array of languages spoken all around the Amazon, Tupi was spoken "with little corruption along the banks of the main Amazons for a distance of 2,500 miles."[6]

In 1910, an apostolic prefecture, the current Prelature of Teffe, was founded by priests of the Congregation of the Holy Spirit.

Climate

Climate data for Tefé (1981–2010, extremes 1969–present)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	37.4 (99.3)	39.7 (103.5)	37.2 (99.0)	36.4 (97.5)	36.0 (96.8)	36.8 (98.2)	37.4 (99.3)	37.6 (99.7)	38.6 (101.5)	38.2 (100.8)	37.6 (99.7)	37.6 (99.7)	39.7 (103.5)
Average high °C (°F)	32.1 (89.8)	32.1 (89.8)	32.3 (90.1)	32.1 (89.8)	31.7 (89.1)	31.7 (89.1)	32.2 (90.0)	33.0 (91.4)	33.4 (92.1)	33.3 (91.9)	32.8 (91.0)	32.5 (90.5)	32.4 (90.3)
Daily mean °C (°F)	26.6 (79.9)	26.5 (79.7)	26.7 (80.1)	26.7 (80.1)	26.5 (79.7)	26.3 (79.3)	26.4 (79.5)	27.0 (80.6)	27.3 (81.1)	27.1 (80.8)	27.1 (80.8)	26.8 (80.2)	26.8 (80.2)
Average low °C (°F)	22.6 (72.7)	22.6 (72.7)	22.5 (72.5)	22.7 (72.9)	22.7 (72.9)	22.1 (71.8)	21.9 (71.4)	22.2 (72.0)	22.3 (72.1)	22.5 (72.5)	22.7 (72.9)	22.6 (72.7)	22.5 (72.5)
Record low °C (°F)	18.0 (64.4)	15.8 (60.4)	18.2 (64.8)	18.9 (66.0)	18.4 (65.1)	14.6 (58.3)	14.9 (58.8)	15.4 (59.7)	18.8 (65.8)	19.4 (66.9)	18.8 (65.8)	19.0 (66.2)	14.6 (58.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	274.2 (10.80)	247.1 (9.73)	306.5 (12.07)	297.1 (11.70)	254.3 (10.01)	158.2 (6.23)	120.5 (4.74)	96.4 (3.80)	132.9 (5.23)	160.3 (6.31)	181.0 (7.13)	217.2 (8.55)	2,445.7 (96.29)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)	18	17	18	19	17	14	11	9	11	12	13	16	175
Average relative humidity (%)	90.0	89.0	89.4	89.9	90.8	89.0	88.1	86.8	86.6	87.5	88.2	89.2	88.7
Mean monthly sunshine hours	140.2	112.3	127.5	125.2	130.9	142.5	181.0	191.8	180.2	170.3	148.3	140.9	1,791.1
Source 1: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia[7]
Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[8]

gollark: The thing is designed to only leave items in insecure public ender chests for ~0.1 seconds at most.

gollark: How fast did they check each channel, 10 times a second?

gollark: You would have to scan too fast.

gollark: While it *could* be intercepted, it would be impractical to do so.

gollark: It randomly selects a channel for each stack, and securely transmits it to the other computer.

References

IBGE -
Sears, Robin, South America: Amazon Basin, northwestern Brazil (NT0133), WWF: World Wildlife Fund, retrieved 2017-03-28
FLONA de Tefé (in Portuguese), ISA: Instituto Socioambiental, retrieved 2016-10-19
RESEX Catuá-Ipixuna (in Portuguese), ISA: Instituto Socioambiental, retrieved 2016-08-30
de Magalhães Lima-Ayres, Deborah (1992). "The Social Category Caboclo". Kings College. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Bates, Henry Walter (1875). The Naturalist on the River Amazons: A Record of Adventures, Habits of Animals, Sketches of Brazilian and Indian Life, and Aspects of Nature Under the Equator, During Eleven Years of Travel. J. Murray. p. 260. learn tupi.
"Normais Climatológicas Do Brasil 1981–2010" (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
"Station Tefe" (in French). Meteo Climat. Retrieved 4 November 2018.

Bates, Henry Walter (date) Naturalist on the River Amazons

Notes

Henry W. Bates in 1851 said the settlement had been inhabited for 170 years, which would place its founding a bit earlier, around 1680.
Henry W. Bates gave this description: "[Ega] is built on a small tract of cleared land at the lower or eastern end of the lake...On the opposite shore of the broad expanse stands a small village, called Nogueira".

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[1] IBGE -

[2] Sears, Robin, South America: Amazon Basin, northwestern Brazil (NT0133), WWF: World Wildlife Fund, retrieved 2017-03-28

[3] FLONA de Tefé (in Portuguese), ISA: Instituto Socioambiental, retrieved 2016-10-19

[4] RESEX Catuá-Ipixuna (in Portuguese), ISA: Instituto Socioambiental, retrieved 2016-08-30

[5] Magalhães Lima-Ayres, Deborah (1992). "The Social Category Caboclo". Kings College. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[8] Bates, Henry Walter (1875). The Naturalist on the River Amazons: A Record of Adventures, Habits of Animals, Sketches of Brazilian and Indian Life, and Aspects of Nature Under the Equator, During Eleven Years of Travel. J. Murray. p. 260. learn tupi.

[INMET-9] "Normais Climatológicas Do Brasil 1981–2010" (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Retrieved 4 November 2018.

[meteoclimat-10] "Station Tefe" (in French). Meteo Climat. Retrieved 4 November 2018.

[6] Henry W. Bates in 1851 said the settlement had been inhabited for 170 years, which would place its founding a bit earlier, around 1680.

[7] Henry W. Bates gave this description: "[Ega] is built on a small tract of cleared land at the lower or eastern end of the lake...On the opposite shore of the broad expanse stands a small village, called Nogueira".