Tee language

Tẹẹ
Native to	Nigeria
Region	Tai, Rivers State
Native speakers	310,000 (2006)[1]
Language family	Niger–Congo Atlantic–Congo Benue–Congo Cross River Ogoni East Ogoni Tẹẹ; ; ; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	tkq
Glottolog	teee1242[2]

Tẹẹ ([tɛ̀ː]), or Tai, is an Ogoni language and the language of the Tai tribe of the Ogoni people of Rivers State, Nigeria. It is to a limited degree mutually intelligible with Khana, the main Ogoni language, but its speakers consider it to be a separate language.

Phonology

The Tẹẹ sound system is typical of an Ogoni language and identical to that of Khana, with the exception of four or five voiceless sonorants not found in that language. The voiceless [w] is also found in other Ogoni languages, and voiceless [j] and [l] are also found in other languages of Nigeria.

Vowels

There are seven oral vowels, /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/, spelt (i e ẹ a ọ o u), and five nasal vowels, /ĩ ẽ ã õ ũ/ (spelt this way also). All may occur in long or short forms.

Consonants

Consonants
		Bilabial	Alveolar		Palatal	Velar		Labial- velar
		Bilabial	central	lateral	Palatal	plain	lab.	Labial- velar
Plosive	voiceless	p	t			k	kʷ <kw>	k͡p <kp>
Plosive	voiced	b	d			ɡ	ɡʷ <gw>	ɡ͡b <gb>
Fricative	voiceless		s
Fricative	voiced		z
Nasal	voiceless	(m̥) <hm>	n̥ <hn>
Nasal	voiced	m	n		ɲ <ny>		ŋʷ <nw>
Approximant	voiceless			l̥ <hl>	ȷ̊ <hy>		w̥ <hw>
Approximant	voiced		ɹ <r>	l	j <y>		w

A glottal stop [ʔ] appears before any otherwise vowel-initial stem. The alveolar consonants are apical.

Tẹẹ includes a rather unusual series of voiceless sonorants. The voiceless palatal /ȷ̊/ sounds rather like the voiceless palatal fricative [ç], but is not as noisy (that is, there is not much random-frequency noise in its sound spectrum). Similarly, /l̥/ is a voiceless approximant, not a voiceless fricative *[ɬ]. The voiceless bilabial nasal, /m̥/, is only known to occur in one word, /àm̥èː/ (an unidentified abdominal organ), and then only for some speakers. All of the voiceless sonorants are actually voiced during the second half of their enunciation. That is, /n̥/ is pronounced [n̥͡n] However, they are considerably shorter than their voiced homologues, and hence cannot be considered /hC/ sequences with an otherwise unattested consonant */h/.

Tone

Tẹẹ has three tones: high, mid and low.

The high tone is indicated by an acute accent : á, ã́, é, ẹ́, ẽ́, í, ĩ́, ó, ọ́, ṍ, ú, ṹ;
The low tone is indicated by a grave accent : à, ã̀, è, ẹ̀, ẽ̀, ì, ĩ̀, ò, ọ̀, õ̀, ù, ũ̀;
The middle tone is indicated with no diacritic.

gollark: ↑

gollark: You don't have to use a linked list. Use an array for the first N elements.

gollark: Also, they may actually be worse due to something something cache locality.

gollark: Binary trees would have overhead.

gollark: So what does `variable.c` actually store?

References

Citations

Tẹẹ at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Tee". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

Bibliography

Ladefoged, Peter (October 1995). "Voiceless approximants in Tee". Fieldwork Studies of Targeted Languages III. UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics. 91: 85–88.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[e18-1] Tẹẹ at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)

[Glottolog-2] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Tee". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.