Sutan Mohammad Amin Nasution

Mr. Sutan Mohammad Amin Nasution, also known by his birth name Krueng Raba Nasution (22 February 1904 – 16 April 1993) was an Acehnese–Mandailing lawyer and politician.

Mr. Sutan Mohammad Amin Nasution
Junior Governor of North Sumatra
In office 14 April 1947 – 17 January 1948
President	Sukarno
Preceded by	position established
Succeeded by	Himself (as Governor of North Sumatra)
Governor of North Sumatra
In office 19 June 1948 – 17 May 1949
President	Sukarno
Preceded by	Teuku Mohammad Hasan (as Governor of Sumatra) Himself (as Junior Governor of North Sumatra)
Succeeded by	Sarimin Reksodihardjo (acting) Abdul Hakim Harahap
In office 23 October 1953 – 12 March 1956
President	Sukarno
Preceded by	Abdul Hakim Harahap
Succeeded by	Zainal Abidin
1st Governor of Riau
In office 5 March 1958 – 6 January 1960
President	Sukarno
Preceded by	position established
Succeeded by	Kaharuddin Nasution
Personal details
Born	Krueng Raba Nasution (1904-02-22)22 February 1904 Lhoknga, Aceh Besar, Aceh
Died	16 April 1993(1993-04-16) (aged 89) Jakarta, Indonesia
Resting place	Taman Kusir Public Cemetery, Jakarta
Nationality	Indonesia
Spouse(s)	Cut Maryam
Parents	Muhammad Taif Siti Madina

Born in Aceh from an Acehnese father and Mandailing mom, Nasution became an attorney after finishing his studies at the Higher Law School in Batavia. After the Indonesian independence, he was involved in the independence movement, serving mainly as a head of the North Sumatra province, albeit with different names. He also served as the first Governor of Riau.

Early life

Nasution was born on 22 February 1904 in Lhoknga, Aceh Besar, by the name Krueng Raba Nasution. He was born as the son of Muhammad Taif, a man of Aceh ethnicity and Siti Madinah, a women of Batak Mandailing ethnicity. He was the fifth child of the six children his parents had.[1]

Nasution went to study at the Europeesche Lagere School (ELS, European Primary School) in Sabang in 1912. Three years later, in 1915, he moved to the ELS in Solok, and in 1916, he moved again to the ELS in Sibolga and the ELS in Tanjung Pinang until he finally graduated in 1918.[1]

After graduating from the school, he went to study at the STOVIA (medicine school) in Batavia in 1919. At the STOVIA, he became active in the student movements and joined the Jong Sumatranen Bond (Union of Sumatran Students). He only learn at the STOVIA for two years, until he left in 1921.[1]

In 1921, Nasution went to study at the Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs (MULO, Junior High School). His academic achievements at the high school meant that he was accepted as a student in the Algemeene Middelbare School (AMS, High School) in Jogjakarta. During his time in the AMS, he was introduced to nationalist ideology by his friend Muhammad Yamin. By the mid-1927, he graduated from the AMS with a good score, and continued his study at the Rechtschoogeschool (Higher Law School) in Batavia.[2]

During his study at the Rechtschoogeschool, he became one of the founding members of the Young Indonesians organization. The organization would later held the Second Youth Congress in Batavia.[3][4]

Career

After his graduation, he finally obtained the Meester in de Rechten (Mr., Master of Laws) degree and on 16 July 1934, he began his career as an attorney in Kutaraja, Aceh. He went against his father, which wanted him to work as a civil employee in the Dutch East Indies government.[3]

About seven years after his career began, Japanese forces occupied Aceh. During the Japanese occupation, he worked as an judge in Sigli.[3]

One year after his appointment as a judge, he was transferred as a director of the Kutaraja High School. He also became a teacher there.[3]

During this time, he became the member of the Great Indonesia Party.[4]

As the Junior Governor of North Sumatra

After the Japanese surrendered on 15 August 1945, the independence of Indonesia was proclaimed on 17 August 1945. The Indonesian government quickly set up provinces and appointed governors to the provinces. The Sumatran province, which consisted of the North Sumatra, Central Sumatra, and South Sumatra sub-province was formed, and Teuku Muhammad Hasan was inaugurated as the governor of the province on 29 September 1945. The North Sumatra sub-province consisted of Aceh, Tapanuli, and East Sumatra Residency.[5]

As the governor of Sumatra, Hasan appointed three junior governors to act as his deputies in the residencies. Nasution was inaugurated by Hasan as the Junior Governor of North Sumatra on 14 April 1947. His inauguration was held at the Elephant Division II building in Siantar, and was attended by Teuku Muhammad Daudsjah, the Resident of Aceh, Ferdinand Lumbantobing, the Resident of North Sumatra, and Abubakar Jaar, the Resident of East Sumatra.[6][4]

At first, it was decided that the capital of the North Sumatra sub-province was Medan, but due to the occupation of Medan by the Dutch army, it was decided that the location of Nasution's inauguration, Siantar, as the capital of the sub-province. Some time later, Siantar was occupied by the Dutch army, so the government of the sub-province decided to move the capital to Kutaraja, Aceh.[7]

Even though Siantar was occupied by the Dutch army, Nasution recklessly visited his mother's house in the Mandailing Village in Siantar. When Nasution arrived, his mother's house was surrounded by the Dutch army. He was arrested and brought to Medan under tight escort. He was put into house arrest under a heavy surveillance in a home owned by a man named Yusuf.[7]

During his house arrest, Nasution observed the preparations for the formation of the State of East Sumatra, which was attended by notable figures in East Sumatra. He noted that there are some sympathizers to the Republic of Indonesia that participated in the preparations. He also figured out underground movements acting against the state.[7]

After 40 days under house arrest, Nasution fled from the house. He left Medan for the Penang, and after several days in Penang, he went back to Aceh.[7] On 17 January 1948, he was temporarily relieved from his position as the Junior Governor of North Sumatra, and was appointed as the member of the Supreme Army Court and was given a nominal rank of major general, despite having no military experience.[8]

As the Governor of North Sumatra

First term

With the Law No. 10 of 1948, dated 15 April 1948, the Province of Sumatra was abolished, and the sub-provinces of North Sumatra, Central Sumatra, and South Sumatra became a province. Nasution was inaugurated by President Sukarno as the Governor of North Sumatra on 19 June 1948.[7] His inauguration began at 8 PM, and was attended by the Daud Beureu'eh, Military Governor for Aceh, Langkat, and Karo.[9][10]

During his term, he began printing local money for the province of North Sumatra, namely the Uang Republik Indonesia Sumatera Utara (URIPSU, Money of the Republic of Indonesia for North Sumatra). This policy was implemented to repair the war-torn economy, and the money was officially released on 1 March 1949 with Nasution's signature on it.[11]

Government Commissioner for North Sumatra

After the occupation of Jogjakarta, the central government of Indonesia in Java was dissolved. To cope this problem, the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PDRI) was established on 22 December 1948 in Bukittinggi, Central Sumatra (now West Sumatra). During this emergency government, the position of governor was abolished, and civilian and military powers was given over to the military governor.[12]

In North Sumatra, Nasution handed over his power to the military governor Ferdinand Lumbantobing (for the region of Tapanuli and Southern East Sumatra) and Daud Beureu'eh (for the Langkat and Karo regency). Nasution himself became the Commisary of the Central Government for North Sumatra on 17 May 1949, with the decision No. 23 of the PDRI.[13]

After the formation of the United States of Indonesia, the Preparatory Committee of the Unitary State for East Sumatra (PPKNST) was formed on 14 July 1950 with the Decree of the Minister of Internal Affairs. The committee main task was to integrate the State of East Sumatra to the Republic of Indonesia. Nasution was appointed as a member of the committee.[14][4]

With the formal dissolution of the State of East Sumatra on 13 August 1950, the post of the Governor of North Sumatra was established on 14 August 1950. Sarimin Reksodihardjo, the chairman of the PPKNST, was appointed as the acting Governor of North Sumatra. Nasution then handed over his position to Sarimin.[15][16]

After the handover of power to Sarimin, Nasution moved to Jakarta and worked as a lawyer.[11]

Second term

On 23 October 1953, Nasution was reelected as the Governor of North Sumatra by the Regional People's Representative Council of North Sumatra.[17][4]

During his second term, Nasution was faced with demands from the Aceh Residency to became an autonomous region. This demand escalated into an armed rebellion when the former Military Governor of Aceh, Daud Beureu'eh, declared Aceh as part of the Islamic State of Indonesia on 20 September 1953. Since then, other problems has rose from this rebellion, such as the conflict between the Islamic scholars that joined Ulama Association of Aceh (PUSA) and non-PUSA Islamic scholars, and the Sayid Ali movement.[18]

After his term as the Governor of North Sumatra ended on 12 March 1956, he moved again to Jakarta and worked under the Ministry of Internal Affairs.[3]

In the Ministry of Internal Affairs

During his time working in the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Amin became a major proponent for the concept of regional autonomy. He became the chairman of the Committee for the Regional Division of Indonesia. He seated the position until 31 August 1956.[18]

Death

At 12.15 on 16 April 1993, Nasution died at the Indonesian Navy Hospital in Jakarta. He was buried at the Tanah Kusir Public Cemetery at 12.00 on 17 April 1993.[19]

Awards

• Satyalancana Peringatan Perjuangan Kemerdekaan RI (1961)
• Bintang Legiun Veteran Republik Indonesia (Star of the Veterans’ Legion of Indonesia) (1991)
• Bintang Jasa Utama (1st Class Star of Service) (1991)
• Bintang Mahaputra (Star of Mahaputera) (posthumously, 1998)[20]

Legacy

The Government of North Sumatra has campaigned to make Nasution a National Hero of Indonesia.[21]

A street in Pekanbaru, the capital of Riau, is named after him.[22]

References

1. Sudirman 2015, p. 34
2. Sudirman 2015, pp. 34-35
3. Sudirman 2015, p. 35
4. Ministry of Information 1954, p. 51
5. Tuk Wan Haria 2006, p. 22
6. Tuk Wan Haria 2006, p. 55
7. Tuk Wan Haria 2006, p. 56
8. Information Bureau of North Sumatra 1953, p. 167
9. Tuk Wan Haria 2006, p. 57
10. Information Bureau of North Sumatra 1953, p. 184
11. Sudirman 2015, p. 36
12. Information Bureau of North Sumatra 1953, p. 256
13. Information Bureau of North Sumatra 1953, p. 257
14. Information Bureau of North Sumatra 1953, pp. 381-382
15. Information Bureau of North Sumatra 1953, p. 396
16. Tuk Wan Haria 2006, p. 58
17. "Mr. S.M. AMIN AANVAARDT ZIJN NIEUWE FUNCTIE". Het nieuwsblad voor Sumatra. 23 October 1953.
18. Information Bureau of North Sumatra 1953, p. 230
19. "Nama dan Peristiwa: Mr Sutan Muhamad Amin, Jumat siang (16/4) meninggal dunia". Kompas (in Indonesian). 17 April 1993. p. 16.
20. "Mengenang Sutan Muhammad Amin Tokoh Pergerakan Pemuda yang Terlupakan". Berita Satu.com. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
21. "Seminar Sosok dan Perjuangan Tokoh Sumpah Pemuda Mr Sutan Muhammad Amin Pemikiran dan Pengabdian Untuk Negeri". Kemdikbud.go.id. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
22. "Data Referensi Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan: SMAS DARMA YUDHA". referensi.data.kemdikbud.go.id. Retrieved 19 May 2020.

Bibliography

• Tuk Wan Haria, Muhammad (2006), Gubernur Sumatera dan Para Gubernur Sumatera Utara [The Governor of Sumatra and the Governors of North Sumatra] (in Indonesian), Medan: Library and Regional Archives Bureau of North Sumatra
• Sudirman (2015), "Mr. Sutan Muhammad Amin" (PDF), HABA (in Indonesian), 77, retrieved 19 May 2020
• Information Bureau of North Sumatra (1953), Republik Indonesia: Propinsi Sumatera Utara (in Indonesian), Medan: Ministry of Information
• Sjamsuddin, Nazaruddin (1998), Revolusi di Serambi Mekkah: Perjuangan Kemerdekaan dan Pertarungan Politik di Aceh, 1945-1949 (in Indonesian), Jakarta: University of Indonesia
• Ministry of Information (1954), Kami Perkenalkan (in Indonesian), Jakarta