Supermarine S.4

The Supermarine S.4 was a 1920s British single-engined single-seat monoplane racing seaplane built by Supermarine to compete in the 1925 Schneider Trophy. It crashed and was destroyed before the competition started.

Supermarine S.4
Role Racing seaplane
Manufacturer Supermarine
Designer Reginald Mitchell
First flight 24 August 1925
Introduction 1925
Retired 1925
Status Destroyed
Number built 1
Variants Supermarine S.5
Supermarine S.6
Supermarine S.6B

Design and development

The Supermarine S.4 was designed by R. J. Mitchell to compete in the 1925 Schneider Trophy race. Built by Supermarine at Woolston, the S.4 was primarily an all-wooden monoplane seaplane, although a mixed wood-metal construction fuselage was mated to an unbraced cantilever wing and monocoque fuselage, powered by a 680 hp (507 kW) Napier Lion VII engine. As an exceptionally "clean" monoplane seaplane, the S.4 design was in marked contrast to the biplane Supermarine Sea Lion flying boats which Mitchell had designed for previous Schneider Trophy races, which won in 1922 and came third behind the American Curtiss CR seaplanes in 1923.[1]

Operational history

Registered G-EBLP,[2] the S.4 first flew on 24 August 1925.[3] On 13 September 1925 on Southampton Water, it raised the world's seaplane speed record (and the British speed record) to 226.752 mph (365.071 km/h).[2][4] With high hopes of a British victory, the S.4, together with two Gloster III biplanes, was shipped to the United States of America for the 1925 race.[5] During trials at Bay Shore Park, Baltimore on 23 October 1925, piloted by H. C. Biard, it was seen to sideslip into the water from 200 ft (61 m) and was wrecked.[6] Biard, who survived with two broken ribs, stated that he lost control following violent wing vibration.[7] The race was won two days later by Lieutenant James Doolittle, flying a Curtiss R3C at an average speed of 232.573 mph (374.443 km/h), faster than the S.4's world record of a month before.[8] Most sources have suggested the accident was due to flutter.[8][9]

Cultural references

Very little film and photographic evidence of the S.4 survives. Five minutes of film are preserved within Leslie Howard's The First of the Few (1942, released as Spitfire in the U.S.), in which he and David Niven star. Drawings and archival footage of the plane's construction, first takeoff and flight are preserved within the feature film.[10] The reason for the crash in the film was due to high-g blackout.

Specifications

Data from Supermarine Aircraft since 1914 [11]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 1
  • Length: 26 ft 7 3⁄4 in (8.122 m)
  • Wingspan: 30 ft 7.5 in (9.335 m)
  • Height: 11 ft 8.75 in (3.5751 m)
  • Wing area: 139 sq ft (12.9 m2)
  • Empty weight: 2,600 lb (1,179 kg)
  • Gross weight: 3,191 lb (1,447 kg)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Napier Lion VII W-12 liquid-cooled piston engine, 680 hp (510 kW) at 2,000 rpm
  • Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 239 mph (385 km/h, 208 kn) [2]
  • Wing loading: 23 lb/sq ft (110 kg/m2)
  • Power/mass: 0.21 hp/lb (0.35 kW/kg)
gollark: How is HoneyFoodsCompany meant to get stuff from BeesCorp?
gollark: Imagine you have BeesCorp, which produces honey and requires wood for beehives, and HoneyFoodsCompany, which requires honey and other stuff and produces food.
gollark: Which isn't always true, or even the case a lot of the time.
gollark: See, bartering requires that party A has something party B wants, and party B has something party A wants.
gollark: This sounds like just indirected bartering. Which is problematic.

See also

Related development

References
  1. Green 1967, p. 744.
  2. Jackson 1988, p. 317.
  3. Andrews and Morgan 1987, p. 175.
  4. Andrews and Morgan 1987, p. 178.
  5. Flight 24 September 1925, p. 609.
  6. Flight 12 November 1925, p. 747.
  7. Andrews and Morgan 1987, pp. 179–180.
  8. Flight 29 October 1925, p. 703.
  9. Andrews and Morgan 1987, p. 180.
  10. Aldgate and Richards 1994.
  11. Andrews and Morgan 1987, p. 203.

Bibliography
  • Aldgate, Anthony and Jeffrey Richards. Britain Can Take it: British Cinema in the Second World War. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2nd Edition. 1994. ISBN 0-7486-0508-8.
  • Andrews, C.F. and E.B. Morgan. Supermarine Aircraft since 1914, 2nd edition. London: Putnam, 1987. ISBN 0-85177-800-3.
  • Green, William, ed. "Supermarine's Schneider Seaplanes." Flying Review International, Volume 10, No. 11, July 1967.
  • Shelton, John (2008). Schneider Trophy to Spitfire - The Design Career of R.J. Mitchell (Hardback). Sparkford: Hayes Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84425-530-6.
  • The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985). London: Orbis Publishing, 1985.
  • Jackson, A.J. British Civil Aircraft since 1919. London: Putnam, 1988. ISBN 0-85177-818-6.
  • "The 1925 Schneider Trophy Race". Flight (London), 29 October 1925, p. 703.
  • "The 1925 Schneider Trophy Race: Flight Correspondent's Special Account". Flight (London), 12 November 1925, pp. 747–752.
  • "The Schneider Cup Seaplane Race: British Representatives Leave on Saturday". Flight (London), 24 September 1925, pp. 609–614.
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