Supercomputing in India
Supercomputing in India has a history going back to the 1980s.[1] The Government of India created an indigenous supercomputing programme as they had difficulty purchasing supercomputers.[1] As of June 2020, when ranking by number of supercomputer systems in the TOP500 list, India is ranked 23rd in the world.[2] As of June 2020 the Cray XC40-based Pratyush is the fastest supercomputer in India.[3][4]
History
India had faced difficulties in the 1980s when trying to purchase supercomputers for academic and weather forecasting purposes.[1] In 1987 the Indian Government had requested to purchase a Cray X-MP supercomputer; this request was denied by the United States government as the machine could have a dual use in weapons development.[5]
Initial development programme
The Government of India decided to start an indigenous supercomputer development programme in 1987.[6][7][8] Multiple projects were commissioned from different groups including the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), the Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT), the National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), and the Advanced Numerical Research and Analysis Group (ANURAG).[7][8]
C-DOT created "CHIPPS": the C-DOT High-Performance Parallel Processing System. NAL created the Flosolver. BARC created the Anupam series of supercomputers. ANURAG created the PACE series of supercomputers.[8]
C-DAC First Mission
The Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) was created at some point between November 1987 and August 1988.[6][8][7] C-DAC was given an initial 3 year budget of Rs375 million to create a 1000MFLOPS supercomputer by 1991.[8] C-DAC unveiled the PARAM 8000 supercomputer in 1991.[1] This was followed by the PARAM 8600 in 1992/1993.[8][7] These machines demonstrated to the world Indian technological prowess and led to export success.[8][7]
C-DAC Second Mission
The PARAM 8000 was considered a success for C-DAC in delivering a gigaFLOPS range parallel computer.[8] From 1992 C-DAC undertook its "Second Mission" to deliver a teraFLOPS range computer by 1997/1998.[8][9] This resulted in the PARAM 9000 series of supercomputers.
12th Five Year Plan
The Indian Government has proposed to commit 2.5 billion USD to supercomputing research during the 12th Five-Year Plan period (2012–2017). The project will be handled by Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore.[10] Additionally, it was later revealed that India plans to develop a supercomputer with processing power in the exaflops range.[11] It will be developed by C-DAC within the subsequent five years of approval.[12]
National Supercomputing Mission
In 2015 the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology announced a "National Supercomputing Mission" (NSM) to install 73 indigenous supercomputers throughout the country by 2022.[13][14][15][16] This is a seven-year program worth $730 million (Rs. 4,500 crore). The NSM is being implemented C-DAC and the Indian Institute of Science.[16]
The aim is to create a cluster of geographically-distributed high-performance computing centers linked over a high-speed network, connecting various academic and research institutions across India.[14] The mission involves both capacity and capability machines and includes standing up three petascale supercomputers.[17][18]
The first phase involved deployment of supercomputers which have 60% Indian components.[16] The second phase machines are intended to have an Indian designed processor. [16] The third and final phase intends to deploy fully indigenous supercomputers.[16]
Rankings
Current TOP500
As of June 2020 there are 2 systems based in India on the TOP500 supercomputer list.[19]
Rank | Site | Name | Rmax (TFlop/s) | Rpeak (TFlop/s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
67 | Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology | Pratyush (Cray XC40) | 3,763.9 | 4,006.2 |
120 | National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting | Mihir (Cray XC40) | 2,570.4 | 2,808.7 |
India's historical rank in TOP500
List | Number of systems in TOP500 |
System Share (%) | Total Rmax (Gflops) |
Total Rpeak (Gflops) |
Cores |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 June | 2 | 0.4 | 6,334,340 | 6,814,886 | 202,824 |
2019 November | 2 | 0.4 | 6,334,340 | 6,814,886 | 202,824 |
2019 June | 3 | 0.6 | 7,457,490 | 8,228,006 | 241,224 |
2018 November | 4 | 0.8 | 8,358,996 | 9,472,166 | 272,328 |
2018 June | 5 | 1 | 9,078,216 | 10,262,899 | 310,344 |
2017 November | 4 | 0.8 | 2,794,753 | 3,759,153 | 107,544 |
2017 June | 4 | 0.8 | 2,703,926 | 3,935,693 | 103,116 |
2016 November | 5 | 1 | 3,092,368 | 4,456,051 | 133,172 |
2016 June | 9 | 1.8 | 4,406,352 | 5,901,043 | 204,052 |
2015 November | 11 | 2.2 | 4,933,698 | 6,662,387 | 236,692 |
2015 June | 11 | 2.2 | 4,597,998 | 5,887,007 | 226,652 |
2014 November | 9 | 1.8 | 3,137,692 | 3,912,187 | 184,124 |
2014 June | 9 | 1.8 | 2,898,745 | 3,521,915 | 169,324 |
2013 November | 12 | 2.4 | 3,040,297 | 3,812,719 | 188,252 |
2013 June | 11 | 2.2 | 2,690,461 | 3,517,536 | 173,580 |
2012 November | 9 | 1.8 | 1,291,739 | 1,890,914 | 90,548 |
2012 June | 5 | 1 | 787,652 | 1,242,746 | 56,460 |
2011 November | 2 | 0.4 | 187,910 | 242,995 | 18,128 |
2011 June | 2 | 0.4 | 187,910 | 242,995 | 18,128 |
2010 November | 4 | 0.8 | 257,243 | 333,005 | 25,808 |
2010 June | 5 | 1 | 283,380 | 384,593 | 30,104 |
2009 November | 3 | 0.6 | 199,257 | 279,702 | 23,416 |
2009 June | 6 | 1.2 | 247,285 | 333,519 | 33,456 |
2008 November | 8 | 1.6 | 259,394 | 368,501 | 37,488 |
2008 June | 6 | 1.2 | 189,854 | 275,617 | 32,432 |
2007 November | 9 | 1.8 | 194,524 | 303,651 | 34,932 |
2007 June | 8 | 1.6 | 45,697 | 86,642 | 10,336 |
2006 November | 10 | 2 | 34,162 | 61,520 | 10,908 |
2006 June | 11 | 2.2 | 36,839 | 66,776 | 11,638 |
2005 November | 4 | 0.8 | 11,379 | 21,691 | 3,354 |
2005 June | 8 | 1.6 | 13,995 | 24,726 | 4,212 |
2004 November | 7 | 1.4 | 6,945 | 11,873 | 2,126 |
2004 June | 6 | 1.2 | 5,652 | 9,557 | 1,750 |
2003 November | 3 | 0.6 | 2,099 | 5,098 | 1,106 |
2003 June | 2 | 0.4 | 1,158 | 3,747 | 822 |
See also
Computers
References
- Sinha, P. K.; Dixit, S. P.; Mohanram, N.; Purohit, S. C.; Arora, R. K.; Ramakrishnan, S. (2004). "Current state and future trends in high performance computing and communications (HPCC) research in India". Proceedings. 10th IEEE International Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems, 2004: 217–220. doi:10.1109/FTDCS.2004.1316619. Retrieved 19 July 2020.
- "TOP500, List statistics-Countries". Retrieved 23 June 2020.
- "India's fastest supercomputer 'Pratyush' established at Pune's IITM". The Indian Express. 9 January 2018. Archived from the original on 26 January 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
- "India unveils Pratyush, its fastest supercomputer yet". The Hindu. 8 January 2018. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
- Beary, Habib (1 April 2003). "India unveils huge supercomputer". BBC News.
India began developing supercomputers in the late 1980s after being refused one by the US.
- Delapierre, Michel; Zimmermann, Jean-Benoît (1989). "La nouvelle politique industrielle : le cas de l'informatique". Tiers-Monde. 30 (119): 559–576. doi:10.3406/tiers.1989.3862. Retrieved 19 July 2020.
- Kahaner, D.K. (1996). "Parallel computing in India". IEEE Parallel & Distributed Technology: Systems & Applications. 4 (3): 7–11. doi:10.1109/88.532134. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
L.M. Patnaik developed a significant amount of the factual material for this report.
- Patnaik, LM. "High Performance Computing in India and Far-East". United Nations Industrial Development Organisation. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
- Bhatkar, V.P. (April 1994). "PARAM parallel supercomputer: architecture, programming environment, and applications". Proceedings of 8th International Parallel Processing Symposium: 388–389. doi:10.1109/IPPS.1994.288273. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- "India Aims to Double R&D Spending for Science". HPC Wire. 4 January 2012. Retrieved 29 January 2012.
- C-DAC and Supercomputers in India
- "India plans 61 times faster supercomputer by 2017". Times of India. 27 September 2012. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
- Prashanth, GN (3 August 2015). "IISC all set to launch supercomputing mission". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
- "Govt to launch Rs 4,500 cr National Supercomputing Mission". cdac.in. Centre for Development of Advanced Computing. 25 March 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
- "National Supercomputing Mission". pib.gov.in. Press Information Bureau, Government of India, Ministry of Science & Technology. 29 April 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
- Basu, Mohana (22 December 2019). "India to build 11 new supercomputers, with indigenous processors developed by C-DAC". ThePrint. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
- "India Greenlights $730 Million Supercomputing Grid". HPC Wire. 26 March 2015.
- "Govt to install 73 supercomputers across the country". Zee News. 25 March 2015.
- "TOP500 List - June 2020". TOP500. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
- "TOP500 List, Country - India". Retrieved 23 June 2020.