Southern Railway (Austria)

Southern Railway (Austria)
Overview
Native name	Südbahn (Österreich)
Type	Heavy rail, Passenger/Freight rail; Intercity rail, Regional rail, Commuter rail
Status	Operational
Locale	Vienna; Lower Austria; Styria
Termini	Wien Hauptbahnhof; Border of Austria–Slovenia
Stations	82
Line number	105 01
Operation
Opened	Stages between 1841–1848
Owner	Austrian Federal Railways
Operator(s)	Austrian Federal Railways
Technical
Line length	259.7 km (161.4 mi)
Number of tracks	Double track; • Wien Hbf – Werndorf, Lebring – Leibnitz; Single track
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Minimum radius	171 m
Electrification	15 kV/16,7 Hz AC Overhead line
Operating speed	160 km/h (99 mph)
Maximum incline	2.81 %
Route number	500 (Wien Hbf – Mürzzuschlag); 501 (Wien Hbf – Graz); 502 (Graz – Maribor/Bad Radkersdburg); 510 (Wien Hbf – Payerbach-Reichenau); 524 (Wien Meidling – Deutschkreutz); 600 (Wien Hbf – Tarvisio); 900 (Wien S-Bahn)
Route map
	99.947
	0.000
	Guntramsdorf-Thallern
	(formerly Guntramsdorf a.d. Südbahn)
	125.045
	125.100
	195.428
	195.600
	200.024
	200.200
	230.715
	230.684

The Southern Railway (German: Südbahn) is a railway in Austria that runs from Vienna to Graz and the border with Slovenia at Spielfeld via Semmering and Bruck an der Mur. It is a part of the Austrian Southern Railway that connected Vienna with Trieste, the main seaport of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, via Ljubljana. A main obstacle in its construction was getting over the Semmering Pass over the Northern Limestone Alps. The twin-track, electrified section that runs through the current territory of Austria is owned and operated by Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB) and is one of the major lines in the country.

History

1829: Austrian railway pioneer Franz Xaver Riepl proposed a railway connection from Vienna to the Adriatic Sea, bypassing the Eastern Alps and running via Bruck an der Leitha, Magyaróvár and Szombathely (through the west edge of Hungary, avoiding the Alps), and then Maribor and Ljubljana to Trieste. His plans were adopted by entrepreneur Georgios Sinas. At the same time plans for a direct connection through the Alps were developed and promoted by Archduke John of Austria to open up the Styrian lands beyond Semmering Pass.
1836: Sinas had engineer Matthias von Schönerer build the first stretch of line from Vienna to Győr (Raab), Hungary with a branch-off to Bratislava.

Südbahn train near Baden, 1847

Südbahn poster, 1898

Share of the Südbahn-Gesellschaft, issued May 1883

1838: Sinas established the private Wien-Raaber Eisenbahn (WRB) company with 12.5M guilders of share capital.
1839: Departing from the original plans of a connection via Hungary, construction works started on the initial section which ran southwards between Baden, Lower Austria and Wiener Neustadt. Schönerer had travelled to the US, where he bought a used steam locomotive named Philadelphia, built by the Norris Locomotive Works in 1837.
16 May 1841. This section opened. Soon after, the railway was extended to Mödling and Neunkirchen.
1841: Ghega started to survey the terrain of the Semmering Pass.
5 May 1842: The line from Wien Südbahnhof (Southern Station) was completed to Gloggnitz at the northern foot of the Semmering Pass. Most goods traffic ran on the parallel Wiener Neustadt Canal (also leased by Sinas), but passenger figures continuously increased.
1844: Sinas had the construction of the railway to Hungary (the present-day Eastern Railway) resumed.
21 October 1844: South of the Semmering Pass, the line from Graz northward to Mürzzuschlag (decided on by the Austrian government) (led by engineer Carl Ritter von Ghega) opened.
March 1848: The Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire started.
2 June 1848: The southern continuation to Celje was inaugurated.
1849: Extended to Ljubljana. Passengers still had to use the stagecoach across the Semmering Pass
1853: The k.k. Südliche Staatsbahn nationalised the Vienna–Gloggnitz line.
1848 to 1854: The section over the Semmering Pass was built.
17 July 1854: The direct railway connection from Vienna to Ljubljana was inaugurated.
1854 to 1857: The final section across the Karst Plateau was built.
12 July 1857: The first through train from Vienna to Trieste ran.
23 May 1858: The railway was sold to the newly established Austrian Southern Railway stock company.
1 June 1859: The last section of the North Italy extension was finished near Magenta, Lombardy.
4 June 1859: The Austrian Army was defeated at the Battle of Magenta.
1859: In the Second Italian War of Independence Austria lost Lombardy and with it the Lombardy section of the Southern Railway.
1860: The connection to Milan was opened.
1866: The Peace of Prague ended the Third Italian War of Independence. Austria lost Venetia and with it the Venetia section of the Southern Railway.

Wien Südbahnhof, built in 1875

1919 Treaty of Saint-Germain. Dissolution of Austria-Hungary after World War I. Austria lost all the Southern Railway south of the station at Spielfeld, Styria, which became a border station to Šentilj in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Kingdom of Yugoslavia from 1929, present-day Slovenia).
1923: The Austrian Federal Railways took over.
1945 and after: During the Cold War trade between Vienna and Trieste was mainly run through Tarvisio.
1963: By now the tracks from Vienna through Tarvisio to Trieste had been electrified.
1966: By now the tracks from Vienna to Graz and Yugoslavia had been electrified.
2007: Border controls were abolished with Slovenia's accession to the Schengen Area.

12 September 2007: A very high value collectors' coin (the Austrian Southern Railways Vienna-Triest commemorative coin) was minted: its obverse shows the locomotive "Steinbrück" with one of the typical viaducts of the Semmering Railway in the background. The engine “Steinbrück” can be seen today in the Technical Museum in Vienna. It is the oldest existing locomotive built in Austria; it was built in 1848 for the Southern Railway.

Train service

While the connection between Vienna and Graz, partly provided by ÖBB Railjet high-speed trains, is busy, international passenger traffic to Trieste has decreased in past decades. Nevertheless, the railway is to be developed by the Semmering Base Tunnel and the Koralm Railway branch-off to Klagenfurt, Carinthia. The section from Graz to the Slovenian border, which had been downgraded to a single track railway in the 1950s, is currently again enlarged to double track.

Within the Vienna metropolitan region, the sections between new Vienna Central Station, Wien Meidling, Mödling, Leobersdorf and Wiener Neustadt Hauptbahnhof are also part of the suburban Vienna S-Bahn railway network.

During the Cold War trade between Vienna and Trieste was mainly run through Tarvisio in Italy which tracks had been equipped with electric power by 1963; the same for the branch from Vienna into Graz and Yugoslavia by 1966.

Notes

Operating from 1916 until about 1918, dismantled in 1923[1]

gollark: ```python>>> memmove(id(8), id(407), sys.getsizeof(7))140001623574880free(): invalid sizefish: “python3” terminated by signal SIGABRT (Abort)```This does *not* work, I assume because CPython only has a cache of integers -5 to 255 or something.

gollark: This is highly idiomatic python.

gollark: ```python>>> memmove(id(7), id(8), sys.getsizeof(7))140001623574848>>> 78```YES!

gollark: Sadly, no, I assume I must move all 28 bytes.

gollark: ```pythoncast(id(7), POINTER(c_int64)).contents = cast(id(8), POINTER(c_int64)).contents```It's weirdly fine with this.

References

Friedrich, Paul; Slezak, Josef Otto (1990). Kanal, Nostalgie, Eisenbahn (in German). Vienna: Verlag Slezak. pp. 134, 136–137, 139. ISBN 3-85416-153-0., which refers to: Witz, Johann (1974). "Zwischen Wöllersdorf und Blumau. Die Militärschleppbahnen auf dem Steinfeld". Eisenbahn (in German) (12): 181–184. ISSN 0013-2756. and Witz, Johann (1975). "Zwischen Wöllersdorf und Blumau. Die Militärschleppbahnen auf dem Steinfeld". Eisenbahn (in German) (1–2): 4–6. ISSN 0013-2756. (section: Strecke Wöllersdorf↔Mittel)
Eisenbahnatlas Deutschland [Austrian railway atlas]. Schweers + Wall. 2010. pp. 18–24, 26–31, 98, 99, 106. ISBN 978-3-89494-138-3.

External links

Media related to Südbahn (Austria) at Wikimedia Commons
Media related to Bahnhof Breitenstein at Wikimedia Commons
Wien-Südbahnhof: Photogallery and documentation about the Vienna Southern Railway Station (Wien-Südbahnhof) by Martin Frey and Philipp Graf
Documents and clippings about Southern Railway in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW

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[2] Operating from 1916 until about 1918, dismantled in 1923[1]

[1] Friedrich, Paul; Slezak, Josef Otto (1990). Kanal, Nostalgie, Eisenbahn (in German). Vienna: Verlag Slezak. pp. 134, 136–137, 139. ISBN 3-85416-153-0., which refers to: Witz, Johann (1974). "Zwischen Wöllersdorf und Blumau. Die Militärschleppbahnen auf dem Steinfeld". Eisenbahn (in German) (12): 181–184. ISSN 0013-2756. and Witz, Johann (1975). "Zwischen Wöllersdorf und Blumau. Die Militärschleppbahnen auf dem Steinfeld". Eisenbahn (in German) (1–2): 4–6. ISSN 0013-2756. (section: Strecke Wöllersdorf↔Mittel)

[Eisenbahnatlas-3] Eisenbahnatlas Deutschland [Austrian railway atlas]. Schweers + Wall. 2010. pp. 18–24, 26–31, 98, 99, 106. ISBN 978-3-89494-138-3.