Stewart Nozette

Stewart David Nozette (born May 20, 1957) is an American planetary scientist, technologist, and consultant who worked for the United States Department of Energy, the United States Department of Defense, DARPA, the United States Naval Research Laboratory, and NASA.[1] He is also a convicted felon for attempted espionage and fraud against the United States. The FBI arrested him October 19, 2009,[2] charging him with attempted espionage after a sting operation[3] which Nozette's lawyer claims amounted to entrapment.[4] At trial, Nozette admitted attempting to sell U.S. classified information to someone he believed was an Israeli Mossad operative, but was in reality an undercover Federal Bureau of Investigation employee. He pleaded guilty to one charge of attempted espionage and was sentenced, under the terms of a plea bargain, to thirteen years in prison. He is currently serving time[5] at the Federal Correctional Institution, Terre Haute. The FBI found no evidence that any classified materials were actually released to anyone outside the US Government.

Stewart Nozette
Born
Stewart David Nozette

(1957-05-20) May 20, 1957
Chicago, Illinois, United States
NationalityAmerican
Alma materUniversity of Arizona
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Known forAttempting to transfer American nuclear and space technology to Israel
AwardsNASA Exceptional Achievement Medal
Scientific career
FieldsGeoscience
Planetary Science
InstitutionsScripps Institution of Oceanography
Ballistic Missile Defense Organization
United States Department of Energy Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (1990–1999)
United States Department of Defense
National Space Council (1989–1990)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Alliance for Competitive Technology (1990–present)
U.S. Naval Research Laboratory
DARPA
ThesisThe Physical and Chemical Properties of the Surface of Venus (1983)
Doctoral advisorJohn S. Lewis
Gordon Pettengill

Personal life and education

Nozette was born in Chicago, Illinois, on May 20, 1957,[3] to Helen and Morris Nozette.[6] He grew up in Chicago’s West Rogers Park neighborhood and earned a B.S. in geosciences with honors and distinction (University of Arizona, 1979), and a Ph.D. in Planetary sciences (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1983).[3][7] He worked a couple of summers in the 1970's as a guide-lecturer at the Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago) while he was home from the University of Arizona.

Career

In 1983-1984 Nozette was co-director of the California Space Institute, affiliated with the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego. From there he went to the University of Texas as an Assistant Professor of Aerospace Engineering Austin, Texas.

In the early 1990s, Nozette, as part of the Strategic Defense Initiative's 'Brilliant Pebbles', conceived the idea (and then led the mission) of the Clementine spacecraft as a means to both provide a test bed for the development of lighter, more cost effective advanced space technology, as well as to obtain data for the Moon.[8] Nozette and colleagues' bistatic radar results from Clementine claimed to support the discovery of water on the south pole of the moon. Although the significance of the result was questioned,[9][10] measurements made by subsequent Lunar missions have supported the hypothesis that the Moon holds substantially greater reserves of water than had been thought based on Apollo program results and confirmed Nozette's original findings.[11][12][13] The engineering model of the Clementine spacecraft, which Nozette created and led the design of, hangs in the Air & Space Museum in Washington DC.

Over the course of his career, Nozette held high level security clearances and worked on sensitive United States nuclear and satellite programs.[14] He held a Q clearance, top secret clearance, and was read into multiple special access programs.[3] He held Top Secret security clearances to study nuclear material with the United States Department of Energy, and was on the National Space Council under President George H. W. Bush.[1] From 1989 to 2006, Nozette held a security clearance as high as top secret and handled documents relating to national security.[1] He left the employ of the U.S. government in 2006.[15]

Nozette worked as a technical consultant for Israel Aerospace Industries between 1998 and 2008. After he left the government job, Nozette was heavily involved in India's extraterrestrial Moon probe, Chandrayaan-1. He was a principal investigator of the Mini-RF instrument on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter and a co-investigator on Chandrayaan-1.[7]

Honors

Espionage and arrest

Nozette was under investigation by the Justice Department for possible fraudulent billing on a NASA contract by a nonprofit corporation he ran, "Alliance for Competitive Technology". An unnamed NASA Inspector had allegedly found billing to NASA for expenses including, among other things, three mortgages, nine credit cards, a Tennis club, pool cleaning, and the Mercedes-Benz Credit Corporation.[16] Documents found by the Justice Department while investigating this allegation included classified documents and an e-mail in which Nozette "threatened to take a classified program on which he worked to an unnamed foreign country or Israel." This information was passed along to the FBI.

In September 2009, Nozette began receiving phone calls from a person claiming to be an agent of Mossad. In reality this was an undercover FBI agent. Nozette expressed a willingness to exchange American intelligence for financial rewards. His first payment was received upon his answers to a list of questions regarding American satellite technology for public access GPS.[15] The information he claimed he would hand over included classified information. A folder left for this contact in a post office box contained "information classified as both top secret and secret that concerned US satellites, early warning systems, means of defense or retaliation against large-scale attack, communications intelligence information, and major elements of defense strategy."[1] The United States Department of Justice criminal complaint, however, does not charge that "the government of Israel or anyone acting on its behalf committed any offense under U.S. laws."[3][17]

According to the criminal complaint, Nozette told his espionage contact that his parents were Jewish,[6] and therefore claimed a right to return under Israel's Law of Return. He also asked allegedly for two million dollars and a passport.[3][18]

Nozette reached a plea bargain with prosecutors and pleaded guilty to a single count of espionage, as well as pleading guilty earlier to the charges of fraud and tax evasion.[16][18] He was sentenced to thirteen years of prison. Held in custody since his arrest in [2009], Nozette received credit for the time he has already served.

Selected publications
  • Spudis, Paul D.; Bussey, B.; Lichtenberg, C.; Marinelli, B.; Nozette, S. (2005). "mini-SAR: An Imaging Radar for the Chandrayaan 1 Mission to the Moon". Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. 26: 1153.
  • Nozette, Stewart; et al. (2001). "Integration of lunar polar remote-sensing data sets: Evidence for ice at the lunar south pole". Journal of Geophysical Research. 106 (E10): 23253–23266. Bibcode:2001JGR...10623253N. doi:10.1029/2000JE001417.
  • Pettengill, G.H.; Ford, P.G.; Nozette, S. (1982). "Venus: Global Surface Radar Reflectivity". Science. 217 (4560): 640–642. Bibcode:1982Sci...217..640P. doi:10.1126/science.217.4560.640. PMID 17817535.
  • Nozette, Stewart; et al. (16 December 1994). "The Clementine mission to the Moon". Science. 266 (5192): 1835–1839. Bibcode:1994Sci...266.1835N. doi:10.1126/science.266.5192.1835. PMID 17737076.
  • Nozette, Stewart; John S. Lewis (9 April 1982). "Venus: Chemical Weathering of Igneous Rocks and Buffering of Atmospheric Composition". Science. 216 (4542): 181–183. Bibcode:1982Sci...216..181N. doi:10.1126/science.216.4542.181.
  • Nozette, S.; Boynton, W.V (16 October 1981). "Superheavy Elements: An Early Solar System Upper Limit for Elements 107 to 110". Science. 214 (4518): 331–333. Bibcode:1981Sci...214..331N. doi:10.1126/science.214.4518.331. PMID 17829789.

Notes
  1. Agence France-Presse (2009).
  2. New York Times, The Scientist Who Mistook Himself for a Spy, Oct 21 2009; also New York Times, Spying Charges Against Scientist, October 20, 2009, page A19
  3. Martell (2009).
  4. Washington Post, Maryland scientist Stewart Nozette sentenced for passing secrets to supposed Mossad agent, expresses regret, Mar 12 2012
  5. US scientist Stewart Nozette admits Israel spy charge BBC News. 7 September 2011
  6. J.J. Goldberg. "An Israel Espionage Drama, Sans Israel," Jewish Forward.
  7. Nozette (2008).
  8. Stewart Nozette, "The Clementine Mission" Abstracts of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Vol 26, 1995, p. 1061, doi:1995LPI....26.1061N (web version)
  9. Simpson, R. A.; Tyler, G. L. (1999). "Reanalysis of Clementine bistatic radar data from the lunar South Pole". J. Geophys. Res. 104 (E2): 3845–3862. Bibcode:1999JGR...104.3845S. doi:10.1029/1998JE900038. hdl:2060/19990047963.
  10. Campbell, Donald B.; Campbell, Bruce A.; Carter, Lynn M.; Margot, Jean-Luc; Stacy, Nicholas J. S. (2006). "No evidence for thick deposits of ice at the lunar south pole". Nature. 443 (7113): 835–837. Bibcode:2006Natur.443..835C. doi:10.1038/nature05167. PMID 17051213.
  11. Spudis, P.D.; Bussey, D.B.J.; Baloga, S.M.; Cahill, T.S.; Glaze, L.S.; Patterson, G.W.; Raney, R.K.; Thompson, T.W.; Thompson, B.J.; Ustinov, E.A. (2013). "Evidence for Water Ice on the Moon: Results for Anomalous Polar Craters From the LRO Mini-RF imaging Radar". Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. 118 (10): 1–14. Bibcode:2013JGRE..118.2016S. doi:10.1002/jgre.20156. hdl:2060/20150000268.
  12. Spudis, P.D; Nozette, S.; et al. (2010). "Initial Results for the North Pole of the Moon from the Chandrayaan-1 Mission". Geophys. Res. Lett. 37 (6): L06204. Bibcode:2010GeoRL..37.6204S. doi:10.1029/2009GL042259.
  13. Thompson, B.J.; et al. (2012b). "An Upper Limit for ice in Shackleton Crater as revealed by LRO Mini RF Orbital Radar". Geophys. Res. Lett. 39 (14): L14201. Bibcode:2012GeoRL..3914201T. doi:10.1029/2012GL052119.
  14. Margasak (2009).
  15. Toby Harnden, "Top US scientist accused of trying to spy for Israel," The Daily Telegraph, 19 October 2009 (web version, retrieved 19 October 2009).
  16. Jim McElhatton, "Prominent scientist pleads guilty to attempted espionage," Washington Times," Sept 7, 2011. web version
  17. DOJ press release (2009).
  18. Scott Shane, "Ex-White House Scientist Pleads Guilty in Spy Case Tied to Israel," New York Times, September 8, 2011, p A22 (web version)
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gollark: Surely this font *must* be ironic.
gollark: ++remind 4h unlink when at computet
gollark: Er, hold on.
gollark: I see.

References
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