Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria

Stephen III (1337 – 26 September 1413), called the Magnificent or the Fop (Stephan der Kneißl), was the Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt from 1375. He was the eldest son of Stephen II and Elizabeth of Sicily.

Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria
Born	c. 1337
Died	(1413-09-26)26 September 1413 Niederschönenfeld
Noble family	House of Wittelsbach
Spouse(s)	Taddea Visconti Elisabeth of Cleves
Issue Louis VII, Duke of Bavaria Isabeau, Queen of France
Father	Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria
Mother	Elisabeth of Sicily

Family

His maternal grandparents were Frederick III of Sicily and Eleanor of Anjou. Her parents were Charles II of Naples and Maria Arpad of Hungary.

Maria was a daughter of Stephen V of Hungary and his wife, queen Elisabeth, who was daughter of Zayhan of Kuni, a chief of the Cuman tribe and had been a pagan before her marriage.

Stephen V was a son of Béla IV of Hungary and Maria Laskarina. Maria Laskarina was a daughter of Theodore I Lascaris and Anna Angelina. Anna was daughter of Eastern Roman Emperor Alexius III and Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamaterina.

Reign

From 1375 to 1392, Stephen ruled Bavaria with his brothers Frederick and John II. However, in 1392, Bavaria was split into three separate Duchies, now consisting of Bavaria-Landshut, Bavaria-Ingolstadt and Bavaria-Munich. John II partitioned Bavaria as the result of his refusal to finance his brothers' expensive ambitions in the Italian court. After the division of Bavaria, Stephen retained Bavaria-Ingolstadt, although he soon came to regard his share to be inferior to the other two Duchies. From 1395 to 1397, he also jointly held Bavaria-Munich with John II, after an armed conflict between the brothers.

After the deaths of both of his brothers, Stephen attempted to extend his Duchy, this time causing conflict with his nephews. In opposition to them, Stephen also supported King Rupert against the Luxemburg. In 1402 Stephen was forced by his nephew Ernest to confine his reign to Bavaria-Ingolstadt. In 1403, he supported the citizens' uprising in Munich, although that failed. His final attempt in 1410 to reconquer Tyrol, which his father had ceded to the Grand Duchy of Habsburg was likewise unsuccessful.

He died at Niederschönenfeld.

Family and children

He was married twice. First, he was married on 13 October 1364 to Taddea Visconti, daughter of Bernabò Visconti and Beatrice della Scala.[1] He had, from his first marriage:

• Louis VII the Bearded,[1] who succeeded him in Bavaria-Ingolstadt,
• Isabeau of Bavaria,[1] married Charles VI, king of France.

Second, he was married in Cologne on 16 January 1401 to Elisabeth of Cleves, daughter of Count Adolf III of Cleves.

Ancestors

Ancestors of Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria

16. Otto II, Duke of Bavaria 8. Louis II, Duke of Bavaria 17. Agnes of the Palatinate 4. Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor 18. Rudolf I of Germany 9. Matilda of Habsburg 19. Gertrude of Hohenberg 2. Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria 20. Bolesław II Rogatka 10. Bolko I the Strict 21. Hedwig of Anhalt 5. Beatrice of Silesia 22. Otto V, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel 11. Beatrice of Brandenburg 23. Judith of Henneberg 1. Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria 24. James I of Aragon 12. Peter III of Aragon 25. Violant of Hungary 6. Frederick III of Sicily 26. Manfred of Sicily 13. Constance of Sicily 27. Beatrice of Savoy 3. Elisabeth of Sicily 28. Charles I of Naples 14. Charles II of Naples 29. Beatrice of Provence 7. Eleanor of Anjou 30. Stephen V of Hungary 15. Mary of Hungary 31. Elizabeth the Cuman

References

1. Adams 2010, p. 2.

Sources

• Adams, Tracy (2010). The Life and Afterlife of Isabeau of Bavaria. The Johns Hopkins University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria House of Wittelsbach Born: 1337 Died: 26 September 1413[aged 76]
Regnal titles
Preceded by Stephen II	Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt 1375–1413	Succeeded by Louis VII the Bearded