Stade Rennais F.C.

Stade Rennais Football Club (French pronunciation: ​[stad ʁɛnɛ]) (officially Stade rennais in French), commonly referred to as Stade Rennais FC, Stade Rennais, Rennes, or simply SRFC, is a French professional association football club based in Rennes in Brittany. They compete in Ligue 1, the top tier of Football in France, the club plays its home matches at the Roazhon Park, located within the city. The team is managed by Julien Stéphan. The team's president is Jacques Delanoë (interim) and its owner is Artémis, the holding company of businessman François Pinault.

Stade Rennais

Full name	Stade Rennais Football Club
Nickname(s)	Les Rennais (The Rennais) Les Rouge et Noir (The Red and Blacks)
Short name	SRFC, Rennes
Founded	10 March 1901 (1901-03-10)
Ground	Roazhon Park
Capacity	29,778[1]
Owner	Artémis
President	Nicolas Holveck
Head coach	Julien Stéphan
League	Ligue 1
2019–20	Ligue 1, 3rd of 20
Website	Club website
Home colours

Rennes was founded in 1901 under the name Stade Rennais and is one of the founding members of the first division of French football. Alongside Nantes, Rennes is one of the top football clubs in the region and the two are among the main clubs that contest the Derby Breton. The club's best finish in the league has been third, accomplishing this feat after the season was ended prematurely in 2019–20. Rennes has won three Coupe de France titles in 1965, 1971 and 2019. After winning the Coupe de France in 1971, Rennes changed its name to its current version.

Rennes is known for its youth academy, known in English as the Henri Guérin Training Centre, which was formed in 2000. The French Football Federation (FFF) recognised Rennes as having the best youth academy in the country in 2010.[2] The cornerstone of the academy is the under-19 team, which has won the Coupe Gambardella three times in 1973, 2003 and 2008. The academy has produced several notable talents, such as Ousmane Dembélé, Yacine Brahimi, Eduardo Camavinga, Yoann Gourcuff, Yann M'Vila, Moussa Sow, Abdoulaye Doucouré, Sylvain Wiltord, and Jimmy Briand, among others.

History

Main article: History of Stade Rennais F.C.

Stade Rennais in 1904.

Stade Rennais Football Club was founded on 10 March 1901 by a group of former students living in Brittany. Football had quickly become widely circulated in nearby regions and it was soon brought to Brittany. The club's first match was played two weeks later against FC Rennais, which Stade lost 6–0. In 1902, Stade Rennais joined the USFSA federation and, subsequently, became a founding member of the Ligue de Bretagne de football, a newly created regional league founded by the federation. In the second league season, the club won the competition after defeating the inaugural league winners FC Rennais 4–0 in the final. On 4 May 1904, Stade Rennais merged with its rivals FC Rennais to form Stade Rennais Université Club, with the primary objective being to overcome the recent domination of the Ligue de Bretagne by US Saint-Malo, then known as US Saint-Servan, which fielded mostly British players.[3] The new club adopted the colours of Rennais, which consisted of a red and black combination with black vertical stripes on the shirt. After three years of Saint-Malo dominating the league, Rennes finally eclipsed the club in 1908 under the leadership of Welsh manager Arthur Griffith. In the following season, Rennes won the league again, but in 1910 Rennes was unable to win a third, as Saint-Malo won the league by two points. The champions subsequently went on an impressive run in which it won the league for the next four seasons over.

After World War I, Rennes began focusing its efforts on winning the recently created Coupe de France. Strengthened by the arrivals of internationals Bernard Lenoble, Maurice Gastiger, Ernest Molles and captain François Hugues after the war, in the competition's fourth campaign, Rennes reached the final. In the match, the club faced two-time defending champions Red Star Olympique, which was led by attacker Paul Nicolas, defender Lucien Gamblin and goalkeeper Pierre Chayriguès. Red Star opened the scoring in the fourth minute and the match was concluded following a late goal from Raymond Sentubéry.[4] After the disorganisation of the USFSA in 1913, Rennes joined the Ligue de l'Ouest. In 1929, Rennes departed the league after disagreeing with the increased number of games the league sought to implement in the new season. The departure led to Rennes becoming a "free agent", and the club played numerous friendly matches to compensate for the loss of league matches.

The presidency of Isidore Odorico marked the history of the club during the 1920–1930s.

In July 1930, the National Council of the French Football Federation (FFF) voted 128–20 in support of professionalism in French football. Under the leadership of club president Isidore Odorico, Rennes was among the first clubs to adopt the new statute and, subsequently, became professional and became founding members of the new league. In the league's inaugural season, Rennes finished mid-table in its group. Two years later, in 1935, the club reached the final of the Coupe de France for the second time. Rennes, however, lost to Marseille 3–0 after failing to overcome three first-half goals. The club's attack was also limited in the match due to being deprived of its top two attackers, Walter Kaiser and Walter Vollweiler, who were both injured. Rennes spent four more years in the first division before suffering relegation to Division 2 in the 1936–37 season. Rennes played in Division 2 before professionalism was abolished due to World War II. After the war, Rennes returned to Division 1. Led by the Austrian-born Frenchman Franz Pleyer, Rennes achieved its best finish in the league after finishing fourth in the 1948–49 campaign. Despite the domestic resurgence under Pleyer, the club struggled to maintain the consistency and, in the 1950s, rotated between the first division and the second division under the watch of the Spaniard Salvador Artigas and Henri Guérin, who acted in a player-coach role.

Under the leadership of new president Louis Girard, Rennes underwent a major upheaval, which included renovations to the stadium. Girard sought to make Rennes competitive nationally and the first objective was achieved when the club earned promotion back to Division 1 in 1958. After finishing in the bottom-half of the table for six-straight seasons, Rennes, now managed by former club player Jean Prouff, finished in fourth place in the 1964–65 season. In the same season, the club earned its first major honour after winning the Coupe de France. Rennes, led by players such as Daniel Rodighiéro, Georges Lamia and Jean-Claude Lavaud defeated UA Sedan-Torcy 3–1 in the replay of the final. The first leg of the match ended 2–2, which resulted in a replay. After the cup success, Rennes played in European competition for the first time in the 1965–66 season. The club, however, lost to Czechoslovakian club Dukla Prague in the first round.

Jean Prouff, pictured in 1935, led Rennes to its major successes.

In the ensuing years, Rennes struggled in league play but performed well in the Coupe de France, reaching the semi-finals on two occasions in 1967 and 1970. In 1971, Rennes captured its second Coupe de France title after defeating Lyon 1–0 with the only goal coming from a penalty conversion by André Guy. On 23 May 1972, Rennes officially changed its name to its current form. After another season in charge, Prouff departed Rennes and the club entered free-fall. From 1972 to 1994, Rennes was supervised by 11 different managers and, during the years, consistently hovered between Division 1 and Division 2. In 1978, the club was on the verge of bankruptcy and, as a result, was order by a tribunal to sell its biggest earners and enter a policy of austerity. In the 1980s, the city's municipality gained a majority stake in the club.

In 1994, Rennes returned to Division 1 and entered a period of stability mainly due to the utilisation of the club's youth academy. Instead of entering bidding wars for players, Rennes groomed its youngsters and inserted them onto the senior team when coaches felt they were ready. This strategy proved successful with players such as Sylvain Wiltord, Jocelyn Gourvennec and Ulrich Le Pen. In 1998, the club was sold by the municipality to retail magnate François Pinault. Pinault invested a substantial amount of funding into the club and sought to increase Rennes' production of youth talent by constructing a training centre, which was completed in 2000. Pinault also paid for a completed re-construction of the stadium and also invested in the transfer market, recruiting several players from South America, most notably Lucas Severino, whom Rennes paid a record €21 million for.

The results were immediate in the decade from 2000 to 2010, with Rennes appearing in UEFA-sanctioned European competitions in five of the ten seasons. In youth production, the club produced several youth talents such as Yann M'Vila, Yacine Brahimi, Jimmy Briand and Abdoulaye Diallo, among others. In league competition, Rennes tied its best finish ever in the league by finishing fourth in 2004–05. Two seasons later, the club accomplished this feat again. In 2009, Rennes reached the Coupe de France final for the fourth time in its history. In the final, Rennes faced Breton rival Guingamp and was the heavy favourite. Despite taking the lead in the second half, however, Rennes was defeated 2–1 after Guingamp scored two goals in a ten-minute span. In 2014, Rennes made the Coupe de France final and once again their opponent was Guingamp. In a tense final, Rennes lost the match to their fierce rivals 2–0.[5] In the 2017/2018 Ligue 1 season, Rennes had one of their best campaigns in recent memory finishing 5th and qualifying for the UEFA Europa League.[6]

In 2019, Rennes claimed its third Coupe de France win on 27 April. In the final, Rennes played Paris St Germain. The French Cup winners for the last four years were heavy favourites to beat Rennes having already been crowned Ligue 1 champions for the 2018-19 season on 21 April.[7] Rennes rallied back from two goals down to beat Paris St Germain 6-5 on penalties. [8]

In 2019-20 season, Rennes finished third in Ligue 1 and qualified for 2020-21 UEFA Champions League for the first time in their history.

Stadium

Main article: Roazhon Park

The Hermine symbols outside the Roazhon Park

Rennes has played on the land where the club's stadium, the Roazhon Park, situates itself since 1912. The Roazhon Park, then named Stade de Route de Lorient, which is its address, was constructed in 1912. The facility was inaugurated on 15 September 1912 in a match between Rennes and SA du Lycée de Rennes. The Stade de la Route de Lorient was officially inaugurated a month later when Rennes took on Racing Club de France in front of 3,000 spectators.

The Roazhon Park is owned by the city of Rennes and has undergone renovations three times, in 1955, 1983 and 1999. In 1983, the club renovated the stadium in an attempt to resemble the Olympiastadion in Munich. After nearly four years of renovation, the new stadium was unveiled on 7 March 1987. In 1999, the new renovations, which were designed by architect Bruno Gaudin, cost €37.3 million and took four years to complete. The stadium's inauguration was celebrated twice: in a match between France and Bosnia and Herzegovina in August 2004, and another football match contesting by Rennes and Metz two months later. The current capacity of the stadium is 29,778.[1]

Training centre

The entrance to the École Technique Privée Odorico, a section of the Stade Rennais youth academy

The Centre d'entraînement Henri-Guérin (Henri-Guérin Training Center), colloquially known as La Piverdière, was inaugurated in June 2000. Named for former club player and manager Henri Guérin, La Piverdière is located on the outskirts of Rennes just southwest of Roazhon Park. The centre hosts the senior team's training sessions, as well as the club's reserve and youth teams. In 2007, La Piverdière became the home of the club's administrative and business headquarters.

Since its inception, La Piverdière has become reputed for its consistent production of youth talent, bringing through players that have become household names at the international level. In that time, the club's youth system has made up most of the club's first team. Current first-team players Eduardo Camavinga and Joris Gnagnon were graduates of the academy. Rennes has been awarded the honour of having the best youth academy in France.

Rennes has won the Coupe Gambardella, the under-19 national youth competition, three times, in 1973, 2003 and 2008. In 2003, the team that won was anchored by Yoann Gourcuff and Marveaux. Gourcuff went on to win both the UNFP Player of the Year and French Player of the Year awards and established himself as a French international. Marveaux graduated from the academy after the Gambardella triumph and went on to appear in over 100 matches for Rennes. He had his best season in the 2009–10 season, appearing in 38 matches and scoring 12 goals. In 2008, the team that won the competition was composed of Brahimi, M'Vila, Souprayen, Yohann Lasimant, Quentin Rouger, Kévin Théophile-Catherine, and Damien Le Tallec. Six of the seven players made appearances with the first-team. Le Tallec moved to German club Borussia Dortmund before he could make an appearance.

Supporters

Flares of the Roazhon Celtic Kop at the Roazhon Park.

Rennes have several supporter groups associated with the club, ranging from groups of senior supporters to ultras. The oldest, most structured and frequented is Allez Rennes. The group was founded in 1962 and together with Les Socios, founded in 1992, is the largest group of traditional supporters.

The section of the stadium popularly called Tribune Mordelles is occupied by the Roazhon Celtic Kop (RCK). Although the group was founded in 1991, its roots date back to 1987 when a group of supporters known as Ultras Roazhon was formed. The RCK was formed by three young supporters who decided to establish the Mordelles stand as the true hot spot of the stadium.[9] The group marks its presence not only through continuous singing and the use of flares, but also through numerous tifos and choreographic celebrations. The Breton identity is regularly displayed and the use of Celtic symbols is frequent.[10] A special feat of the RCK is that the group is responsible for having made the largest Gwenn-ha-du in history measuring 270 square metres. It was displayed at the Mordelles stand during the 1994–95 season.[11]

The RCK giving homage to the deceased former player Jean Prouff in 2008.

The RCK functions as an unconditional supporters' group present at all matches, including those at European level, and gathers supporters mainly of the ultra-mentality, but also holds on to its values describe by the group as Amitié, Respect et Fête (Friendship, Respect and Party). The Kop keeps an open attitude towards those supporters of Rennes who share them.[12] The group has taken a strong position against "football business", the suppression of the ultra-movement[13] and racism. Although the group is not officially political, it regularly manifests anti-fascism.[14] The RCK is a member of the RSRA (Réseau Supporter de Résistance Antiraciste),[15] a French network of football supporter groups against racism, and involved in Fare, a European network of football supporter groups against racism and discrimination.[16]

Another major supporter group of the club is the Section Roazhon Pariz. It is a section of the RCK that is situated in Paris. The group supports the team at important away matches, such as those against Lyon and Paris Saint-Germain.[17] The RCK makes no attempt to hide its chaotic and festive appearance. In 2003, a second group of ultras, the Breizh Stourmer ("Breton Warriors") was formed through a break with the RCK. The group was created around the idea of a small, strong core of supporters and chose to situate themselves on the opposite side of the RCK. The Breizh Stourmer has been accused by elements of the RCK for certain members holding extreme-right views.[14] Violent clashes between radical members of the two groups have occurred. The main rival of the RCK has, however, not been the Breizh Stourmer, but for many years, the Brigade Loire, a supporters' group of Rennes' rival club Nantes. The Breizh Stourmer has since dissolved. In 2008, a new group of supporters, the Unvez Kelt (UK) ("Celtic Unity"), was founded. The group was initially refused by the club as an official group, however, with the help of Les Socios, it was finally accepted.[18] Failing to establish itself and after several problems, among them a fire that destroyed its premises in November 2010,[19] clashes with the National Police[20] and incidents resulting in several of its members becoming arrested during an away match at Auxerre in 2012,[21] the Unvez Kelt decided to dissolve in 2012.[22]

Players

Current squad

As of 14 August 2020.[23]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player 1 GK  FRA Romain Salin 3 DF  FRA Damien Da Silva (captain) 4 DF  FRA Gerzino Nyamsi 7 MF  BRA Raphinha 8 MF  FRA Clément Grenier 9 FW  FRA Jordan Siebatcheu 11 FW  SEN M'Baye Niang 12 MF  FRA James Lea Siliki 14 MF  FRA Benjamin Bourigeaud 16 GK  SEN Édouard Mendy 17 DF  FRA Faitout Maouassa 18 MF  FRA Eduardo Camavinga 20 MF  FRA Flavien Tait

No. Pos. Nation Player 21 FW  FRA Martin Terrier 22 FW  FRA Romain Del Castillo 23 MF  FRA Adrien Hunou 25 MF  FRA Steven Nzonzi (on loan from Roma) 26 DF  FRA Jérémy Gelin 27 DF  MLI Hamari Traoré 28 MF  FRA Jonas Martin 30 GK  COD Pépé Bonet 31 DF  FRA Sacha Boey 32 FW  FRA Lucas Da Cunha 34 MF  FRA Yann Gboho — DF  FRA Lilian Brassier — FW  FRA Adrien Truffert — DF  FRA Namakoro Diallo — MF  FRA Hakim El Mokeddem — FW  FRA Armand Laurienté — FW  FRA Georginio Rutter — DF  MAR Nayef Aguerd

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player — MF  FRA Rafik Guitane (on loan to Marítimo) — FW  TUR Metehan Güçlü (on loan to Valenciennes)

Reserve team

As of 10 September 2019.[24]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player -- GK  FRA Théo Louis -- GK  FRA Guillaume Veinante -- DF  FRA Rayane Doucouré -- DF  FRA Brandon Soppy -- DF  FRA Justin Gru -- DF  FRA Matthieu Huard -- DF  FRA Maxime Bernauer -- DF  FRA Warmed Omari -- MF  FRA Billal Mehadji

No. Pos. Nation Player -- MF  FRA Mathis Picouleau -- MF  FRA Baptiste Gautier -- MF  FRA Alexis Trouillet -- FW  FRA Georginio Rutter -- FW  FRA Adrien Truffert 32 FW  FRA Lucas Da Cunha -- FW  FRA Arnaud Tattevin -- FW  FRA Isaac Matondo

Retired numbers

No.	Player	Nationality	Position	Rennes debut	Last match
29[25]	Romain Danzé	France	Right back	4 November 2006	7 January 2018

Notable players

Below are the notable former and current players who have represented Rennes in league and international competition since the club's foundation in 1901.

For a complete list of former Stade Rennais F.C. players with a Wikipedia article, see here.

Carlos Bocanegra Ramy Bensebaini Mahi Khennane Luis Fabiano Georgi Ivanov Stéphane Mbia Juan Fernando Quintero Petr Čech Dominique Arribagé Jean-Luc Arribart Benjamin André Hatem Ben Arfa Yoann Bigné Yves Boutet Jimmy Briand Jean-Pierre Brucato Louis Cardiet René Cédolin Benoît Costil Romain Danzé Ousmane Dembélé François Denis Étienne Didot Abdoulaye Doucouré Julien Escudé Bernard Goueffic Yoann Gourcuff Jocelyn Gourvennec Pierrick Hiard Laurent Huard Cyril Jeunechamp

Raymond Keruzoré Jean-Claude Lavaud Serge Lenoir Serge Le Dizet Jérôme Leroy Bertrand Marchand Olivier Monterrubio Jean Prouff Anthony Réveillère Robert Rico Daniel Rodighiéro Olivier Sorlin Mikaël Silvestre Sylvain Wiltord Asamoah Gyan Laurent Pokou Lamine Diatta Kader Mangane M'Baye Niang John Utaka Ismaila Sarr Moussa Sow Salvador Artigas Petter Hansson Kim Källström Alexander Frei

Management and coaching

Club officials[26]

• President: Jacques Delanoë (interim)
• Sports Coordinator: Sylvain Armand

Coaching

• Head coach: Julien Stéphan
• Assistant coaches: Jean-Marc Kuentz and Mathieu Le Scornet
• Assistant coach (goalkeeper): Olivier Sorin
• Youth academy director: Denis Arnaud

Coaching history

Coaches since 1906 and later to the accession to professional status in 1932, with the exception of 1939–1941, where the Stade Rennais reverted to amateur status, and 1942–1944, where no coach was appointed by the board, and 1945 where the club didn't compete in any competition.[27]

Dates Name 1906–09 Arthur Griffith 1920–22 George Scoones 1930–31 Trojanek 1932–33 Kálmán Székány 1933 Phillip McCloy 1933–36 Josef Pepi Schneider 1936–41 Jean Batmale 1941–42 Émile Scharwath 1942–45 Jean Batmale 1945–52 François Pleyer 1952–55 Salvador Artigas 1955–61 Henri Guérin 1961–64 Antoine Cuissard 1964–72 Jean Prouff 1972–74 René Cédolin 1974–76 Antoine Cuissard 1976–77 Claude Dubaële 1977–79 Alain Jubert 1979–82 Pierre Garcia 1982–84 Jean Vincent 1984–86 Pierre Mosca 1987 Patrick Rampillon 1987–91 Raymond Kéruzoré 1 July 1991 – 30 June 1993 Didier Notheaux 1993–96 Michel Le Millinaire 1 July 1996 – 30 June 1997 Yves Colleu 1 July 1997 – 30 June 1998 Guy David 1 July 1998 – 30 June 2001 Paul Le Guen 1 July 2001 – 30 June 2002 Christian Gourcuff 1 July 2002 – 13 October 2002 Philippe Bergeroo 14 October 2002 – 30 June 2003 Vahid Halilhodžić 1 July 2003 – 30 June 2006 László Bölöni 1 July 2006 – 16 December 2007 Pierre Dréossi 17 December 2007 – 30 June 2009 Guy Lacombe 1 July 2009 – 30 June 2013 Frédéric Antonetti 1 July 2013 – 20 January 2016 Philippe Montanier 20 January 2016 – 30 June 2016 Rolland Courbis 1 July 2016 – 8 November 2017 Christian Gourcuff 8 November 2017 – 3 December 2018 Sabri Lamouchi 3 December 2018 – present Julien Stéphan

Honours

Domestic

• Ligue 2
  • Champions (2): 1955–56, 1982–83
• Coupe de France
  • Champions (3): 1964–65, 1970–71, 2018–19
  • Runners-up (4): 1921–22, 1934–35, 2008–09, 2013–14
• Coupe de la Ligue
  • Runners-up (1): 2012–13
• Trophée des Champions
  • Champions (1): 1971
  • Runners-up (2): 1965, 2019

Europe

• UEFA Intertoto Cup
  • Winners (1): 2008 – Joint Winner[28]

U19

• Coupe Gambardella
  • Champions (3): 1973, 2003, 2008

Stade Rennais FC in European football

Main article: Stade Rennais F.C. in European football

References

Notes

1. "Stade Rennais F.C. > Infrastructures > Roazhon Park". staderennais.com (in French). Stade Rennais F.C. 2 September 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
2. "Rennes, champion de France de la formation". MaxiFoot. 9 June 2010. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
3. "Les années 1900: le Stade Rennais voit le jour" (in French). Stade Rennais FC. 15 July 2007. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
4. "Coupe de France: Saison 1921–1922" (in French). French Football Federation. Archived from the original on 8 October 2012. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
5. Gibney, Andrew. "Guingamp Upset Neighbours Rennes by Lifting the 2014 Coupe De France".
6. https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/newsid=2551855.html
7. "PSG Champions as Lille held at Toulouse". www.ligue1.com. 21 April 2019. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
8. "Rennes remporte la Coupe de France : une longue attente enfin récompensée". www.lemonde.fr. 28 April 2019. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
9. "Roazhon Celtic Kop" (in French). Stade Rennais FC. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
10. "Presentation" (in French). Roazhon Celtic Kop. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
11. Leicester University, Sport in the Making of Celtic Cultures (Sport and Nation), Grant, Jarvie, 1999, p.82. ISBN 0-718-50129-2
12. "Presentation" (in French). Roazhon Celtic Kop. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
13. "Roazhon Celtic Kop".
14. Keltz 2012, p. 115. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKeltz2012 (help)
15. "Non au racisme – La lutte". non-au-racisme.com.
16. "STADE RENNAIS F.C." STADE RENNAIS F.C.
17. "Presentation: Section Roazhon Pariz" (in French). Roazhon Celtic Kop. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
18. "Unvez Kelt" (in French). Stade Rennais FC. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
19. "L'Unvez Kelt sous le choc après un mystérieux incendie".
20. "Supporters et SIR : une cohabitation qui s'annonce difficile".
21. Keltz 2012, p. 121. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKeltz2012 (help)
22. "Supporters : dissolution des Unvez Kelt".
23. "Equipe Pro" (in French). Stade Rennais FC. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
24. "EFFECTIF ET STAFF" (in French). Stade Rennais F.C.
25. "Rennes : Le club retire le numéro de son capitaine mythique" (in French). foot-national.com. 3 June 2019.
26. "Organigramme" (in French). Stade Rennais FC. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
27. "Stade Rennais coaches on RSSSF". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
28. Coupe Intertoto 2008 Archived 6 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Listed are all 11 teams that won the Intertoto Cup, qualifying for the UEFA Cup.

Bibliography

• Grant, Jarvie (1999). Sport in the Making of Celtic Cultures (Sport and Nation). Leicester University. ISBN 0-7185-0129-2.
• Keltz, Benjamin (2012). Supporters du Stade rennais: 100 ans de passion Route de Lorient (in French). Saint-Thonan: Les Éditions du coin de la rue. ISBN 9782954252100.

External links

• Official website (in French)
• Unofficial website