St Giles Circus

St Giles Circus is a road junction in the St Giles district of the West End of London at the eastern end of Oxford Street, where it connects with New Oxford Street, Charing Cross Road and Tottenham Court Road, which it is more often referred to owing to the location of Tottenham Court Road Underground station directly under the junction. It is near to Soho, Covent Garden, Bloomsbury and Fitzrovia.

St Giles Circus seen from Centre Point prior to the start of Crossrail work

Formation
A map of St Giles Circus and the surrounding area

From the Middle Ages until the fifteenth century, gallows were located at St Giles Circus alongside a cage for prisoners,[1] and a cattle enclosure known as St Giles's Pound. The area was an infamous rookery[2] until it was cleared in the mid-19th century with the creation of New Oxford Street parallel to St Giles High Street by clearances.[3]

Tottenham Court Road Underground station was opened in July 1900 as part of the Central London Railway, with the platforms under Oxford Street to the west of St Giles Circus, and the station opening on the south west side of the circus, on Oxford Street.[4] The Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway joined the station with what is now part of the Northern Line in September 1908, with station entrance on the south east side of the circus.[5] The main station ticket hall was later moved underground, built below the circus in the 1920s.[6] The junction became known as St Giles Circus in 1921.[7]

Modern development

The area today is dominated by Centre Point Tower, located on the south-east corner on New Oxford Street and Charing Cross Road. Built between 1963 and 1966 by developer Harry Hyams, the brutalist tower was London's first "skyscraper", and is now a Grade II listed building.[3][8]

Construction of Tottenham Court Road Crossrail station

St Giles Circus has been since 2009 the site of construction for Crossrail, which have disrupted road flows and led to several buildings being demolished.[9]

The Dominion Theatre is close to the north-east corner, on Tottenham Court Road just above New Oxford Street. The London Astoria theatre was on the south west side. A new theatre to replace the Astoria is planned.[10] An auditorium/gallery is planned for the south-east corner.[11]

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References
  1. Ackroyd, Peter (5 October 2000). London: The Biography. Chatto & Windus. pp. 131–140. ISBN 9781856197168. OCLC 45325918.
  2. A Visit to the Rookery of St Giles and its Neighbourhood
  3. "St Giles - Hidden London". hidden-london.com. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
  4. "Clive's Underground Line Guides – Central Line, Dates". www.davros.org. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
  5. Rose, Douglas (1999). The London Underground, A Diagrammatic History. Douglas Rose. ISBN 1-85414-219-4.
  6. Railways Through The Clay; Croome & Jackson; London; 1993; p169
  7. Weinreb et al. 2008, p. 761.
  8. Weinreb et al. 2008, pp. 143-144.
  9. "Tottenham Court Road station". Crossrail. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
  10. "Crossrail plans to transform Tottenham Court Road and West End approved". Crossrail. 20 April 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
  11. propertymall.com. "Final piece in £90m St Giles Circus development given the green light". www.propertymall.com. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
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