Song Car-Tunes

Ko-Ko Song Car-Tunes, Song Car-Tunes, or (some sources erroneously say) Sound Car-Tunes, is a series of short three-minute animation films produced by Max Fleischer and Dave Fleischer between May 1924 and September 1927, pioneering the use of the "Follow the Bouncing Ball" device used to lead audiences in theater sing-alongs. The Song Car-Tunes also pioneered the application of sound film to animation, four years before Paul Terry's Dinner Time (released October 14, 1928) and Walt Disney's Steamboat Willie (released November 18, 1928).

History

Between 45 and 50 Song Car-tunes were produced and released between 1924 and 1927.[1] The first, Come Take a Trip on My Airship, was released March 9, 1924. Beginning in 1925, an estimated 16 Song Car-tunes were produced using the Phonofilm sound-on-film process developed by Lee DeForest beginning with Come Take a Trip on My Airship. The remaining 31 titles were released silent, designed to be played with live music in theaters.

The Fleischer brothers partnered with DeForest, Edwin Miles Fadiman, and Dr. Hugo Riesenfeld to form Red Seal Pictures Corporation, which owned 36 theaters on the East Coast, extending as far west as Cleveland, Ohio. In September 1926, the U.S. division of DeForest Phonofilm and Red Seal Pictures Corporation filed for bankruptcy, and the Fleischers ended their use of the Phonofilm system, releasing their last sound Song Car-Tune, By the Light of the Silvery Moon (1927), just as the sound era was about to begin. In early 1929, the Fleischers signed a Paramount Pictures contract. Former Fleischer partner, Alfred Weiss re-released some of the silent Song Car-Tunes between 1929 and 1932 with new soundtracks, new animation, and new main titles that exploited the reputation of the popular song films with the elimination of the names of Max and Dave Fleischer.

With the sound era established, the Fleischers revived the song film series as Screen Songs in February 1929 on the strength of being the holders of the original Patent on the concept. Though Ko-Ko the Clown had been temporarily retired due to complications with the dissolution of the original Inkwell Studios, the "Bouncing Ball" was retained. This new series ran a full seven minutes, with more animation than the early Song Car-Tunes, built around the theme of the featured song.

The first films in the new series used standards such as The Sidewalks of New York (released 5 February 1929) and Old Black Joe. The series continued with new productions of songs previously released in the earlier series, such as Daisy Bell, Good Bye, My Lady Love, Mother Pin a Rose On Me, Oh! How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning, and Come Take a Trip in My Airship, released by Paramount Pictures for nine years.

Many of the Screen Songs featured popular stars of stage, radio, and records such as Ethel Merman, Rudy Vallee, Lillian Roth, The Mills Brothers, and the Boswell Sisters. Starting in 1934, the Screen Songs series focused on the big bands of the "Swing Era", such as Abe Lyman, Shep Fields, Gus Arnheim, Hal Kemp, Jack Denny, Vincent Lopez, Henry King, Jay Freeman, Jerry Baline, Bert Block, Frank Dailey, and Jimmy Dorsey.

The "Screen Songs" concept was revised in a special edition of the Technicolor Noveltoons series in 1945 with When G. I. Johnny Comes Home Again, and the series officially returned in 1947 with The Circus Comes to Clown and continued until 1951. Paramount attempted to revive the series in 1963 after the television success of Sing Along With Mitch with the cartoon Hobo's Holiday.

The concept of the "Bouncing Ball" has become such an established cultural icon, that it has been used in television commercials to sell all sorts of products from sleeping tablets to cat food. Just before retiring in 1968, Dave Fleischer used a form of the "Bouncing Ball" for the ending of Thoroughly Modern Millie where he shot cutout animation to "bounce" the head of Beatrice Lillie over the lyrics to the title song.[2]

List of Song Car-Tunes

See Screen Songs for sound reissues in Cinephone and released independently by Alfred Weiss.

gollark: We can only hope.
gollark: It has taken an hour and a half and I now have about a million tabs open, but I can now boot into a command line from the actual HDD on Arch. Yaaaaay!
gollark: I am now installing Arch Linux on a thing.
gollark: Ah. You did mention that, yes.
gollark: Problem: you still need to handle random shutdowns in case of e.g. crash.

See also

Sources
  • Leonard Maltin, Of Mice and Magic: A History of the American Animated Film (1980, revised 1987)
  • Richard Fleischer, Out of the Inkwell: Max Fleischer and the Animation Revolution (2005)
  • Ray Pointer, Max Fleischer's Ko-Ko Song Car-tunes (with the Famous Bouncing Ball) DVD (2002)

References
  1. Lenburg, Jeff (1999). The Encyclopedia of Animated Cartoons. Checkmark Books. pp. 44–45. ISBN 0-8160-3831-7. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  2. Pointer, Ray (2016) "The Art and Inventions of Max Fleischer: American Animation Pioneer," McFarland & Co. Publishers
  3. SilentEra entry
  4. SilentEra entry; one of the last of the Song Car-Tunes releasesd in Phonofilm
  5. SilentEra entry
  6. SilentEra entry
  7. SilentEra entry
  8. SilentEra says this is one of 17 Song Car-Tunes designed for live musical accompaniment in theaters
  9. Goodbye My Lady Love (1924)
  10. 1926 animated version at IMDB
  11. 1926 animated version at SilentEra
  12. IMDB entry
  13. SilentEra entry
  14. SilentEra entry
  15. SilentEra entry
  16. SilentEra entry
  17. SilentEra entry
  18. SilentEra entry
  19. SilentEra entry
  20. Oh Mabel at SilentEra
  21. SilentEra entry
  22. SilentEra entry
  23. The Sidewalks of New York (1925) at IMDB
  24. 1925 film at SilentEra
  25. SilentEra entry; one of 17 silent produced for live musical accompaniment
  26. SilentEra entry
  27. IMDB entry
  28. SilentEra entry
  29. SilentEra entry says originally released silent, may have been reissued 1928 by Weiss Brothers-Artclass Pictures
  30. SilentEra entry
  31. SilentEra entry
  32. SilentEra entry
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.