Soft lithography

In technology, soft lithography is a family of techniques for fabricating or replicating structures using "elastomeric stamps, molds, and conformable photomasks".[1] It is called "soft" because it uses elastomeric materials, most notably PDMS.

Figure 1 - "Inking" a stamp. PDMS stamp with pattern is placed in Ethanol and ODT (octadecanethiol) solution
Figure 2 - ODT from the solution settles down onto the PDMS stamp. Stamp now has ODT attached to it which acts as the ink.
Figure 3 - The PDMS stamp with the ODT is placed on the gold substrate. When the stamp is removed, the ODT in contact with the gold stays stuck to the gold. Thus the pattern from the stamp is transferred to the gold via the ODT "ink."

Soft lithography is generally used to construct features measured on the micrometer to nanometer scale. According to Rogers and Nuzzo (2005), development of soft lithography expanded rapidly from 1995 to 2005. Soft lithography tools are now commercially available.[2]

Advantages
Sarfus image of streptavidin deposited by soft lithography with PDMS stamp.

Soft lithography has some unique advantages over other forms of lithography (such as photolithography and electron beam lithography). They include the following:

  • Lower cost than traditional photolithography in mass production
  • Well-suited for applications in biotechnology
  • Well-suited for applications in plastic electronics
  • Well-suited for applications involving large or nonplanar (nonflat) surfaces
  • More pattern-transferring methods than traditional lithography techniques (more "ink" options)
  • Does not need a photo-reactive surface to create a nanostructure
  • Smaller details than photolithography in laboratory settings (~30 nm vs ~100 nm). The resolution depends on the mask used and can reach 6 nm.[3]
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gollark: "oh yes, we force you to have a physical device for storing something like 100 bytes of data for no reason, so instead of just DOING IT IN SOFTWARE the obvious answer is to solder in a special physical device"
gollark: eSIM cards are a horrible workaround.
gollark: SIM cards are just an awful design generally.
gollark: If I let you ask yes/no questions you would be able to do it in 9 questions. No.

See also

References
  1. In the words of Rogers and Nuzzo, p. 50, as cited in "Further reading"
  2. "Research Micro Stamps: Commercially available micro stamps". RMS. Retrieved 2017-01-17.
  3. Waldner, Jean-Baptiste (2008). Nanocomputers and Swarm Intelligence. London: ISTE John Wiley & Sons. p. 93. ISBN 978-1-84704-002-2.

Further reading
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