Situm

Situm is a village outside of Lae in Labuta Rural LLG, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.

Situm
Village
Situm - 7th Australian Division Memorial School
Situm
Location in the Lae area
Coordinates: 6°40′41″S 147°3′19″E
Country Papua New Guinea
ProvinceMorobe Province
DistrictNawae District
LLGLabuta Rural LLG
Time zoneUTC+10 (AEST)

Geography

Location

Situm is located 20 kilometres (12 mi) north-east of Lae, on Singaua Road across the Busu river and over the Bupu River causeway. It is 170 metres (560 ft) above sea level.

Geology
See also: List of earthquakes in Papua New Guinea

The area around Situm is located on the Pacific Ring of Fire and geologic instability has produced numerous faults, resulting in earthquakes.[1][2] Situm sits between the larger Indo-Australian Plate and the Pacific Plate on the South Bismarck Plate in the Ramu-Markham Fault Zone where the New Guinea Highlands Deforming Zone and South Bismarck tectonic plates are converging at up to 50 millimetres (2.0 in)/yr and the seismic hazard is significant.[3]

The Ramu-Markham Fault Zone, which follows the northern edge of the Markham Valley, is the active plate boundary between the South Bismarck Plate and terranes within the New Guinea Highlands Deforming Zone. The Ramu-Markham Fault Zone has generated large thrust earthquakes (e.g. the 6 April 1999 MW 6.4, 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) north of Lae, near Hobu, and the 22 November 2007 MW 6.8, 110 kilometres (68 mi) north of Lae). Geological evidence suggests that major earthquakes in pre-historic times have occurred in this area,[4] and that there is the potential for another large earthquake to occur anytime within the next 100 years.[3][4][5]

Tectonic study

Situm is the location of a geodetic monitoring site which aims to monitor the tectonic motion of Papua New Guinea.[6] The site ID is 'SITU' and is monitored by the Geodynamics group and the University of California.[7]

History

World War II

Situm is located to the north of the beaches where the Australian 7th Division carried out an amphibious landing in September 1943, as part of plans to capture Lae from the Japanese during the Salamaua–Lae campaign. During that campaign and the subsequent advance into the Finisterre Range, the locals assisted the Allied troops and after the war, the Australian 7th Division AIF Association helped construct a school at Situm in 1964 as a thank you.[8]

Settlements

Before the establishment of the Situm and Gobari settlements, the area was covered in rainforest and patches of Kunai grass. At the beginning of field research in 1968, Situm consisted of 22 blocks. Among the Situm settlers there were 16 block holders [9] involved in cattle [10] and pig production.[11] Settlers also harvest coconuts from plantations.[12]

Climate

Rainfall in Situm has been recorded at 4000mm per year.[13]

Panoramic photo of Situm Community. Health centre on right and 7th Australian Division Memorial School on left

Demographics

Community

In October 2013, a Health Foundation team has conducted a three-day workshop in Situm village, which attracted a total of 63 participants (30 females and 33 males) and allowed women and men to learn about sexual health issues and strengthen their relationship.[14]

In July 2013, the Rotary Club of Lae delivered a 5KVA generator to Situm School, and four Tuffa Tanks to the Situm Medical Centre and plumbing hardware to the Situm Health Centre.[15]

In 2009, the World Health Organization reported cholera cases in the village of Situm. In Morobe Province settlements of East Taraka, Uniblock, Situm, Nawae Block, Salamander Tais, 12 Mile, Bumayong, Tanam, 6 Mile, 1 Mile, Talair Compound and 2nd street were affected.[16] This is the first confirmed cholera outbreak since the 1960s and PNG officials fear it will further burden their struggling health system.[17] The prevalence of enteric diseases remains high in PNG where access to safe drinking water is limited, particularly in rural areas where an estimated 87% of the population lives.[18][lower-alpha 1]

Economy

Banana chips

Situm women are producing dried banana chips for production as a popular snack.[20][21]

Taro

In the 1940s Taro Leaf Blight caused by Phytophthora colocasiae was estimated to cause up to 50% loss in production. In 1993, a National Taro breeding program, with the focus on breeding Taro varieties resistant varieties, commenced.[22]

By 2000 Situm farmers had given up planting Taro (Colocasia esculenta Schott) because of taro beetles from the genera Papuana and Eucopidocaulus.[23]

Recreational fishing

The Situm Primary School has been described as one of the best fishing or outdoors adventure locations in the regions of Asia/Pacific.[24]

7th Australian Division Memorial School, Situm

Culture

In 2004, three members from Situm formed a bank called Lungstar of Morobe and have had their debut album recorded and released with the A20 Productions Studio of Barakau.[25]

Situm Primary School

In May 2008, Evangelical Lutheran Church of PNG leader, the late Bishop Doctor Wesley Kigasung, was laid to rest at his Aluki village in Bukawa, Morobe province. What was described as one of the most-moving scenes, Situm primary school, children sang a touching tribute to Dr Kigasung which brought tears to the eyes of those in the motorcade.[26]

gollark: Maybe put in a fake recipe which says it uses some random item or other, detect that, and then run the crafting job.
gollark: You can probably work out some kind of horrible bodge for it.
gollark: Or at least request-able things.
gollark: Maybe getItemsInNetwork returns Craftable things too?
gollark: Hmm, actually, maybe it's just badly documented.

References
  1. USGS. "Seismic Hazard Map". Archived from the original on 28 July 2010. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
  2. Earthquake Track. "Recent Earthquake Near New Guinea, Papua New Guinea". Retrieved 28 February 2014.
  3. 43rd Association of Surveyors PNG Congress, Lae; Richard Stanaway; Laura Wallace; Zebedee Sombo; Johnson Peter; Trevor Palusi; Ben Safomea; John Nathan (12–15 August 2009). "Lae, a City caught between two plates – 15 years of Deformation Measurements with GPS" (PDF). Focus On Challenges; Society-Space-Surveyors. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
  4. Crook, Keith A.W. (June 1989). "Quaternary uplift rates at a plate boundary, Lae urban area, Papua New Guinea" (PDF). Tectonophysics. 163 (1–2): 105–118. doi:10.1016/0040-1951(89)90121-2. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
  5. Ripper, I.D. & Anton, L. (1987). "Seismic hazard, Lae". Papua New Guinea Geological Survey Report. 95/2.
  6. Australia National University accessed 7 February 2014
  7. Australia National University accessed 7 February 2014
  8. 7th Infantry Division returns to Situm accessed 7 February 2014
  9. Ploeg, A. 1971, The Situm and Gobari ex-servicemen's settlements, New Guinea Research Bulletin, Issue 39, Volumes 35-40, Australian National University
  10. New Guinea Research Bulletin. Australian National University, New Guinea Research Unit. 1975. p. 15. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  11. New Guinea Research Unit Bulletin. 1971. p. 78. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  12. Bob Densley. Agriculture in the Economy: A Series of Review Papers. Department of Primary Industry, Papua New Guinea. p. 6. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  13. Papua New Guinea Agricultural Journal. Department of Primary Industry. 1980. p. 52. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  14. Fontanellaz, Olga (22 Nov 2013). "Tokaut na Tokstret training in Situm village". Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  15. Rotary Club of Lae (July 14, 2013). "Donations to Situm".
  16. Mirriam Lukas & Geraldine Gubuli Dwu (Jan 28, 2011). "NEW CHOLERA OUTBREAK IN PNG'S MOROBE PROVINCE". PACIFIC ISLANDS REPORT. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  17. "Cholera outbreak kills 11 in PNG". The Age. September 7, 2009. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  18. Horwood, Paul; Collins, Deirdre; Jonduo, Marinjho; Rosewell, Alexander; Dutta, Samir; Dagina, Rosheila; Ropa, Berry; Siba, Peter; Greenhill, Andrew (November 2011). "Clonal Origins of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Strains, Papua New Guinea, 2009–2011". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 17 (11): 2063–5. doi:10.3201/eid1711.110782. PMC 3310576. PMID 22099099.
  20. Sheila Lewenhak (5 November 2013). The Revaluation of Women's Work. Routledge. p. 113. ISBN 978-1-134-04930-1. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  21. Appropriate Technology. Intermediate Technology Publications. 1984. p. 28. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  22. Singh, D, Guaf, J, Okpul, T, Wiles, G, & Hunter, D (2006). "Taro (Colocasia esculenta) variety release recommendations for Papua New Guinea based on multi-location trials". New Zealand Journal of Crop & Horticultural Science. 34 (2): 163–171. doi:10.1080/01140671.2006.9514402.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  23. Masamdu, Roy; Nelson Simbiken (26–30 June 2000). R.M. Bourke, M.G. Allen and J.G. Salisbury (ed.). "Effect of Taro Beetles on Taro Production in PNG" (PDF). Food Security for Papua New Guinea. Proceedings of the Papua New Guinea Food and Nutrition 2000 Conference, PNG University of Technology, Lae: 752. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  24. My Fish Maps. "Situm Primary School". Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  25. CHM Supersound. "Lungstar of Morobe". Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  26. Malum Nalu (May 14, 2009). "Bishop Rev Dr Wesley Kigasung is laid to rest". Malum Nalu. Retrieved 7 March 2014.

Notes
  1. See also [19]
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