Silicon tetraiodide

Silicon tetraiodide is the chemical compound with the formula SiI4. It is a tetrahedral molecule with Si-I bond lengths of 2.432(5) Å.[1]

Silicon tetraiodide
Names
Other names
silicon tetraiodide
Tetraiodosilane
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.033.355
Properties
SiI4
Molar mass 535.7034 g/mol
Appearance white powder
Density 4.198 g/cm3
Melting point 120.5 °C (248.9 °F; 393.6 K)
Boiling point 287.4 °C (549.3 °F; 560.5 K)
reacts
Solubility in organic solvents soluble
Structure
tetrahedral
Hazards
not listed
R-phrases (outdated) R61-R24/25-R34-R42/43
S-phrases (outdated) S53-S26-S36/37/39-S45
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
Flammability code 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterHealth code 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformReactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
0
2
0
Flash point −18 °C (0 °F; 255 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

SiI4 is a precursor to silicon amides of the formula Si(NR2)4 (R = alkyl).[2] It has also been of interest in the manufacture and etching of silicon in microelectronics.

Reactions

This compound is stable among strong heating. It can be stored at room temperature for long periods but must be kept dry because it reacts quickly with water and moisture in the air. It can be made on a large scale by reaction of silicon or silicon carbide with iodine on heating to about 200 °C. Of more academic interest is the reaction of silane with iodine vapour at 130 - 150 °C, as this produces a series of compounds ranging from iodosilane SiH3I to diiodosilane SiH2I2 and triiodosilane SiHI3 as well. These compounds are colourless liquids at room temperature.[3] The last one can be readily distinguished from the similar carbon compound, iodoform which is a yellow solid at room temperature.

Comparison with other SiX4 compounds
SiH4SiF4SiCl4SiBr4SiI4
b.p. (˚C)[4]-111.9-90.356.8155.0290.0
m.p. (˚C)[4]-185-95.0-68.85.0155.0
Si-X bond length (Å)>0.74 [5]1.552.022.202.43
Si-X bond energy (kJ/mol)[6]384582391310234


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References
  1. Kolonits, Maria; Hargittai, Magdolna (1998). Structural Chemistry. 9 (5): 349. doi:10.1023/A:1022462926682. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. Banerjee, Chiranjib; Wade, Casey R.; Soulet, Axel; Jursich, Gregory; McAndrew, James; Belot, John A. (2006). "Direct syntheses and complete characterization of halide-free tetrakis(dialkylamino)silanes". Inorganic Chemistry Communications. 9 (7): 761. doi:10.1016/j.inoche.2006.04.027.
  3. Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
  4. Silicon Compounds, Silicon Halides. Collins, W.: Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology; John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2001.
  5. https://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_bond_length_of_the_H-H_bond
  6. Ebsworth, E. A. V. In Volatile Silicon Compounds; Taube, H.; Maddock, A. G.; Inorganic Chemistry; Pergamon Press Book: New York, NY, 1963; Vol. 4.
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