Shirvani Arabic

Shirvani Arabic is a variety of Arabic that was once spoken in what is now central and northeastern Azerbaijan (historically known as Shirvan) and Dagestan (southern Russia).

Shirvani Arabic
Native toAzerbaijan,
Dagestan (Russia)
RegionCaucasus
ExtinctSecond half of the 19th century
Language codes
ISO 639-3None (mis)
GlottologNone

History

Arabic had been spoken in the region since the Muslim conquest of the South Caucasus at the beginning of the eighth century. It was brought there by Arab settlers consisting mostly of military staff, merchants and craftsmen from Iraq and Syria, and was used as an official language. It experienced decline after the weakening of the Caliphate in the thirteenth century and was gradually replaced by Persian/Tat and Azeri. Groups of Arabs (mostly from Yemen) continued to immigrate to southern Dagestan influencing the culture and literary traditions of the local population who had already become Islamized.[1]

The latest documentation of the existence of Shirvani Arabic is attributed to the Azeri historian Abbasgulu Bakikhanov who mentioned in his 1840 historical work Golestan-i Iram that "to this day a group of Shirvan Arabs speaks an altered version of Arabic."[2] Arabic continued to be spoken in Dagestan until the 1920s mostly by upper-class feudals as a second or third language, as well as a language of literature, politics and written communication.[3]

North Caucasian resentment of the Russians for robbing them of their national history is doubled for the Daghestanis by the forced loss of their Arabic patrimony. In the nineteenth century, it was considered that the best literary Arabic was spoken in the mountains of Daghestan. Daghestani Arabist scholars were famous, attracting students from the whole Muslim world. The lingua franca in Daghestan before the Revolution was Arabic. Then, in the 1920s and 1930s, the main thrust of the anti-religious campaign, was to eradicate Arabic, a religious language, and replace it with Russian. The finest flower of Arabist scholarship disappeared in Stalin's purges.

— Bryan, p. 210[4]
gollark: Ale256bit?
gollark: ALE320BIT
gollark: From the article.
gollark: Rednet, while at first glance appearing to enhance security by being able to send messages to specific computer IDs, is susceptible to the issues of spoofing (in this case, pretending that one's ID differs from one's actual ID) and interception, as it is built on top of the modem API, which permits doing this using its lower-level access.
gollark: You don't need to "bypass" it, just listen to rednet.CHANNEL_REPEAT with modem.

See also

References
  1. Anna Zelkina. The Arabic Linguistic and Cultural Tradition in Dagestan: an Historical Overview. Arabic as a Minority Language by Jonathan Owens (ed.). Walter de Gruyter Publ. Berlin: 2000. ISBN 3-11-016578-3
  2. Golestan-i Iram by Abbasgulu Bakikhanov. Translated by Ziya Bunyadov. Baku: 1991, p. 21
  3. Literatures of the North Caucasus and Dagestan by L.G. Golubeva et al.
  4. Bryan, Fanny. E.B. (1992). Bennigsen-Broxup, Marie (ed.). The North Caucasus Barrier: The Russian Advance Towards the Muslim World. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 9781850653059.


This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.