Shani Davis
Shani Earl Davis (/ˈʃɑːni/; born August 13, 1982) is an American former speed skater.[1]
.jpg)
.svg.png){kind=icon}
.svg.png){kind=icon}
.svg.png){kind=icon}
At the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy, Davis became the first African American athlete to win a gold medal in an individual event at the Olympic Winter Games, winning the speedskating 1000 meter event. He also won a silver medal in the 1500 meter event. At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, he repeated the feat, becoming the first man to successfully defend the 1000 meters and repeating as the 1500 meter silver medalist.
Davis won the silver medal at the 2004 World Allround Speed Skating Championships. He then proceeded to win the World Allround Championships in both 2005 and 2006. In 2009, he won the World Sprint Championships in Moscow, the site of his first World Allround Championship victory. When Davis won those events, he became the second male skater to win both the Sprint and Allround in his career, after Eric Heiden. He has won six World Single Distance Championships titles, three at 1500 meters (in 2004, 2007 and 2009) and three at 1000 meters (in 2007, 2008 and 2011), and he led the United States to its first and only World Championship gold medal in the Team Pursuit event in 2011. He has won ten career Overall World Cup titles, six at 1000 meters (in 2006, 2008–10, 2012, 2014) and four at 1500 meters (2008–2011). Davis also earned the title of Grand World Cup Champion for the 2013–14 season, earning the most points across all distances. His 58 career individual victories on the ISU Speed Skating World Cup circuit (through March 2014) place him second all-time among men.[2]
Davis has set a total of nine world records.[3] He held the top spot on the world Adelskalender list after taking the lead from Sven Kramer in March 2009 for a little over ten years until Patrick Roest surpassed him in March 2019.[4] The Adelskalender ranks the all-time fastest long track speed skaters by personal best times in the four World Allround Championship distances.[1] Davis is known for his consistency and technical proficiency.[5] Davis is a native of Chicago, Illinois, and trains at two U.S. Olympic training facilities, the Pettit National Ice Center in West Allis, Wisconsin, and the Utah Olympic Oval in Salt Lake City, Utah.
Early life
Davis was born on Friday, August 13, 1982, in Chicago, Illinois, to Reginald Shuck and Cherie Davis. His father selected the name "Shani" from an African name dictionary; the name translates "to adventure." His mother, Cherie, worked for a man who was a local lawyer as well as a speed skating official. The lawyer's son was an elite level speed skater. At her lawyer's suggestion, Cherie enrolled Shani at the Robert Crown Center in nearby Evanston when he was six years old.
Cherie was determined that her son would reach his maximum potential. She would wake Shani up in the morning to run a mile on a nearby track to build up his endurance. In order to be closer to his skating club, she and Davis moved from the neighborhood of Hyde Park to Rogers Park.[6]
Career
Junior-level competition
At 16, Davis was invited to Lake Placid, New York, to participate in a development program for young speed skaters. After training there for a year, Davis decided to pursue his Olympic dreams and moved to Marquette, Michigan, to further his training. There, he would graduate from Marquette Senior High School, where he ran track his senior year.
Davis earned spots on both the long track and short track teams at the 1999 junior world championship, simultaneously making the national team. In 2000, he made history by becoming the first U.S. skater to make the long and short track teams at the Junior World Teams, a feat he would accomplish again in 2001 and 2002. His height has always made him unique among short trackers, who are much shorter. The extra height made it easier for Davis to race low to the ice.[5] Davis would go on to win a bronze medal in the Team Relay at the 2005 World Short Track Championships in Beijing, China, shared by U.S. teammates Apolo Ohno, Rusty Smith and Alex Izykowski.
2002 Winter Olympics
Olympic qualification controversy
In December 2001, Davis traveled to Utah to compete for a spot on the 2002 Winter Olympics short track team. Teammates Apolo Ohno and Rusty Smith already had slots on the six-man team due to points earned from earlier races, and Ron Biondo was a lock for the third spot. In order for Davis to qualify, he would have to win the final race. Ohno and Smith were both participating, and it would be necessary for Davis to cross the finish line first. Ohno had been dominant in the meet up to this point because he won every race with ease. A win by Davis seemed to be a long shot.
In a major surprise, Davis won the 1000m race, with Smith second and Ohno third. Davis's first-place finish earned him enough points to move past Tommy O'Hare (whom Davis had beaten earlier in the semi-final) in the final point standings; he now qualified for sixth place. Davis now became the first African-American skater to earn a spot on the team.
The euphoria of the victory was short-lived, however. Rumors began to swirl that Ohno and Smith—both good friends of Davis—intentionally threw the race in order to let Davis win the event.[7] After returning to Colorado Springs, O'Hare would file a formal complaint. For three days, Ohno, Smith and Davis stood before an arbitration panel as three of their fellow skaters testified that they heard Ohno telling Smith that he was going to let Davis win.[8]
Ohno would later confess that he had subconsciously held back for fear of suddenly crashing into Davis or Smith, a common occurrence in the sport. He pointed out that he did not need to win the race because he already had a spot on the team. Questions persisted as to whether Ohno had really held back, since he kept passing Biondo. Some speculated that Ohno was holding off Biondo from challenging Smith, as Smith also needed to finish ahead of Biondo in order to secure a spot in the 1000 m for Salt Lake. Even this scenario would have been a violation of the rules of team skating. Both claims went unproven in the arbitration case, and all three were absolved of guilt.
On February 13, 2002, Sports Illustrated writer Brian Cazeneuve published an article stating that, after reviewing the race, "To this day, there is no concrete proof that any skaters violated the spirit of competition."[9] Cazeneuve however, also published the comments of Outdoor Life Network commentator Todd Harris and 1998 Winter Olympian speed skater Eric Flaim, which were made during the broadcast of the race; both men agreed that Ohno and Smith had not skated to the best of their abilities.
Davis wanted to be able to concentrate on both long track and short track. At the time, he was living in Marquette, Michigan, a town with no long track. In 2003, he decided to move to Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Once there, he trained with 1998 short track gold medalist Derrick Campbell.
Davis arrived in Salt Lake City for the 2002 Winter Olympics. After the opening day ceremonies, he decided to leave the Games early to compete in the 2002 Junior Country March and Junior World Championships held in Italy, where he won the 1500m at both competitions. Davis became the only U.S. skater to ever make both short track and long track junior world teams three years in a row.
Turning pro
Davis made the jump from junior competition to men's speed skating in 2003. In February of that year, he earned the title of North American long track champion, which qualified him for the World Championship in Gothenburg, Sweden. During the competition, Davis was not yet adjusted to skating in the men's division, and his scores were much lower than usual; he finished 16th overall.
In January 2004, Davis became a North American champion for the second consecutive year. He finished in second place overall in the 2004 World Allround Long Track Championships in Hamar, Norway. In March, Davis won the 1500 m at the men's World Single Distance Championships in Seoul, finishing the race in 1:48.64 in March 2004.
Davis set three world records in 2005 – two of them in Salt Lake City. At the World Championship Qualifier on January 9, 2005, he broke the 1500 m world record, recording a time of 1:43.33. He also set the world record for best overall time in the history of the Qualifiers – 149.359. A month later, Davis would win the World Champion all-round, scoring 150.778 points. In November, Davis would break another world record at the third World Cup match in the fall of 2005, skating the 1000 m in 1:07.03. Davis did not participate at the Olympic Trials in Salt Lake City in December 2005 because his performances in the Fall World Cup events had already pre-qualified him for the Olympic Team in the 1000 m, 1500 m and 5000 m events.
2006 Winter Olympics
Davis won the gold medal in the 1000 m and the silver medal in the 1500 m in Turin.
Turin and the team pursuit controversy
The team pursuit event had its inception at the senior level during the 2004–05 season. Davis had never practiced or participated in the event, and U.S. Speedskating never expressed an interest in having Davis skate in the team pursuit event. In April 2005, U.S. Speedskating voted that it could appoint skaters to the Olympic Pursuit Team who had not otherwise made the team in an individual event. Having never skated the pursuit event, Davis submitted his declaration to U.S. Speed skating; he informed them of his intention to skate the 1000 m, 1500 m, and 5000 m. On December 31, 2005, U.S. Speed skating named the maximum allotted 5 member team (K. C. Boutiette, Chad Hedrick, Charles Leveille, Clay Mull and Derek Parra). The U.S coaches arrived in Turin and named Davis as a substitute to the pursuit team without his knowledge or consent. In the event of an injury after the team had entered the competition track, substitution would be permitted if an International Skating Union (ISU) Withdrawal Form had been presented to and accepted by the referee.[10] No such injuries occurred, which meant that Davis was not even eligible to skate the team pursuit event at the Olympics.
The lineup for Team USA was announced on Saturday, February 11. Hedrick would skate with Mull and Leveille in the preliminary races; veteran Olympians Boutiette and Parra were reserved for the finals.[11] Within hours, articles that denounced Davis as unpatriotic, selfish, and a poor teammate were posted on the Internet. Those same stories hit the newspapers the next day. Davis had to defend himself and make up excuses for not skating in an event he was never eligible to compete in from the start. U.S. Speedskating remained silent during the controversy. Hedrick directed much of the criticism towards Davis. Two days before the official announcement, Hedrick stated, "I don't see what his logic is. We can't be beat if he skates. It's his decision. I'm not going to get in the middle of it. I would like him to be in the pursuit, but am I going to beg him? No."[12]
The two skaters who had not earned spots in any individual event had been brought to Turin specifically to skate the team pursuit. Ironically, Davis said that he did not want to skate the pursuit event so that those skaters would have a chance to compete; this was a chance that Davis had been denied during the 2002 Games. "It was a difficult decision for me," Davis said. "Athletes came here just for [team] pursuit. I came here just for the 1000 meters, the 1500 meters, the 5000 meters."[13] In an email sent by U.S Speedskating Executive Director on February 3, 2005, USS terminated Davis' athlete agreement effective February 4, 2005, discontinuing Davis' USS benefits and terminating USS rights to the use of Davis' name and image. Davis remained estranged from U.S. Speedskating.[14]
Post-Olympic performance
Davis won the final 1000 m World Cup event of the 2006 season at Thialf, Heerenveen, with a time of 1:08.91, becoming the first skater to skate below 1:09 in Heerenveen and also winning the overall World Cup on the 1000 meters. He placed fourth overall in the 1500 meters World Cup, despite only competing in three of the five races.
Davis then defended his World Allround Championships title in Calgary in March 2006 with a world record allround score of 145.742. At the competition, Davis was paired with teammate Chad Hedrick in the 1500 meter race, and dramatically broke Hedrick's own world record with a time of 1:42.68, which Davis would later rebreak that year with a time of 1:42.32. Regarding his world allround title, Davis said, "To me, this is bigger than the Olympics. This medal is prestigious. Not only do you have to skate 500 meters, but you have to skate 10000, you have to skate a 1500 and a 5000 and you only have two days to do it."[15]
In the 2006–07 season, Davis placed third at the World Sprint Championships held in Hamar in January 2007 and also won world titles in the 1000 m and 1500 m events at the World Single Distance Championships held in Salt Lake City in March 2007.
In the 2007–08 season, Davis won overall world cup titles in the 1000 m and 1500 m, defended his 1000 m world title at the World Single Distance Championships held in Nagano, Japan, and tied for second in the 1500 m with Sven Kramer of the Netherlands.
In the 2008–09 season, Davis defended his world cup titles in the 1000 m and 1500 m. He broke world records in the 1000 m and 1500 m and won the 1500 world title at the World Single Distance Championships held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. He placed third in 1000 m and won the 2009 World Sprint Speed Skating Championship in Moscow. He became only the second male skater in history—joining Eric Heiden—to win both the World Allround and World Sprint titles.
2010 Winter Olympics
At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Davis competed in four long-track speed skating events: the 500, 1000, 1500 and 5000 meter races. All four of these events were held at the Richmond Olympic Oval, where Davis had held the track record in the 1000 and 1500 meter races, setting those records in 2009. Davis won the 1000-meter speed skating event, becoming the first man to win back-to-back 1000-meter Olympic speed skating gold medals and the only gold medal for speed skating from the United States at these games. Davis won in 1 minute and 8.94 seconds,[16] finishing just 18/100ths of a second quicker than his rival, South Korea's Mo Tae-bum.[17] Davis won a silver medal at the 1500 m distance, being defeated for the gold medal by Mark Tuitert of the Netherlands.[18] Davis finished 12th in the 5000 meters and withdrew after a poor first race in the 500 meters.
2014 Winter Olympics
In the 1000-meter race, Davis finished 8th at 1:09.12. In the 500-meter race, Davis finished 24th at 70.98. In the 1500-meter race, Davis finished 11th at 1:45.98. He did not compete in the 5000.
2018 Winter Olympics
On February 13, 2018, in the 1500-meter race, Davis finished 19th at 1:46.74. On February 23, 2018, in the 1000-meter race, Davis finished 7th at 1:08.78.
American flagbearer voting controversy
One day before the February 9 opening ceremonies for the 2018 Winter Olympics, Davis Tweeted his displeasure with the process for choosing the American team flag bearer. Following a vote among representative athletes from each of the eight winter sports federations, Davis and four-time Olympic luger Erin Hamlin had each received four votes. Following the pre-determined procedure for settling a tie vote, a coin toss was made. Hamlin won the toss and was therefore selected to carry the flag. Davis's Tweet called the coin toss "dishonorable" and included the hashtag #BlackHistoryMonth2018, implying that race was, or should have been, a factor in the selection voting process. Hamlin is a white female. Davis decided to boycott the opening ceremony. Reaction to Davis's tweet and his opting out of the opening ceremony was overwhelmingly negative—so much so that on the evening of February 9, he "protected" his Twitter profile so that only his confirmed followers could see or reply to any of his tweets.[19][20]
Retirement
He announced his retirement from skating in November 2019.[21]
Records
Personal records
| Personal records[22] | ||||
| Men's speed skating | ||||
| Event | Result | Date | Location | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 500 m | 34.78 | March 6, 2009 | Utah Olympic Oval, Salt Lake City | |
| 1000 m | 1:06.42 | March 7, 2009 | Utah Olympic Oval, Salt Lake City | World record until beaten by Kjeld Nuis on March 9, 2019.[23] Still current American record.[24] |
| 1500 m | 1:41.04 | December 11, 2009 | Utah Olympic Oval, Salt Lake City | World record until beaten by Denis Yuskov on December 9, 2017.[25] Still current American record.[24] |
| 3000 m | 3:41.43 | September 23, 2017 | Olympic Oval, Calgary | |
| 5000 m | 6:10.49 | March 18, 2006 | Olympic Oval, Calgary | |
| 10000 m | 13:05.94 | March 19, 2006 | Olympic Oval, Calgary | |
| Big combination | 145.742 | March 18–19, 2006 | Olympic Oval, Calgary | World record until beaten by Patrick Roest on March 2–3, 2019.[26] |
World records
| World records[3] | ||||
| Men's speed skating | ||||
| Event | Result | Date | Location | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1500 m | 1:43.33 | January 9, 2005 | Utah Olympic Oval, Salt Lake City | World record until beaten by Chad Hedrick on November 18, 2005.[25] |
| Big combination | 149.359 | January 8–9, 2005 | Utah Olympic Oval, Salt Lake City | World record until beaten by Chad Hedrick on January 21–22, 2006.[26] |
| 1000 m | 1:07.03 | November 20, 2005 | Utah Olympic Oval, Salt Lake City | World record until beaten by Pekka Koskela on November 10, 2007.[23] |
| 1500 m | 1:42.68 | March 19, 2006 | Olympic Oval, Calgary | World record until beaten by himself on March 4, 2007.[25] |
| Big combination | 145.742 | March 18–19, 2006 | Olympic Oval, Calgary | World record until beaten by Patrick Roest on March 2–3, 2019.[26] |
| 1500 m | 1:42.32 | March 4, 2007 | Olympic Oval, Calgary | World record until beaten by Erben Wennemars on November 9, 2007.[25] |
| 1500 m | 1:41.80 | March 6, 2009 | Utah Olympic Oval, Salt Lake City | World record until beaten by himself on December 11, 2009.[25] |
| 1000 m | 1:06.42 | March 7, 2009 | Utah Olympic Oval, Salt Lake City | World record until beaten by Kjeld Nuis on March 9, 2019.[23] |
| 1500 m | 1:41.04 | December 11, 2009 | Utah Olympic Oval, Salt Lake City | World record until beaten by Denis Yuskov on December 9, 2017.[25] Still current American record.[24] |
Personal life
Davis has trained at the Olympic speedskating center in Marquette, Michigan, where as of February 2010 he also was attending classes at Northern Michigan University.[27]
Frozone, an African-American superhero with ice powers from the animated movie The Incredibles, was allegedly inspired by Shani Davis.[28] Davis also inspired the creation of DC Inner City Excellence[29] in Washington, DC. He continues to support and encourage youth affiliated with the DC-ICE program.
References
- Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Shani Davis". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
- "Shani Davis". SpeedSkatingStats.com. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
- "Shani Davis". SpeedSkatingStats.com. Retrieved May 3, 2016.
- http://www.speedskatingstats.com/index.php?file=adelskalender
- Prospero, Linda (2006). "Shani Davis makes history" Archived 2010-02-17 at the Wayback Machine La Stampa (accessed June 26, 2006).
- "Shani Davis – Official Website". Archived from the original on 2010-02-16. Retrieved 2010-02-23.
- Price, S.L. (2002): "Launch of Apolo" Sports Illustrated (accessed May 24, 2007).
- Outside the Lines: Was the Fix In? ESPN.
- Cazeneuve, Brian (2002): Did they or didn't they? More on the great short-track speed skating controversy Sports Illustrated (accessed May 30, 2007)
- QUALIFICATION AND ENTRIES FOR THE SPEED SKATING EVENTS AT THE 2006 OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES (OWG 2006) Archived 2006-09-30 at the Wayback Machine INTERNATIONAL SKATING UNION Communication No. 1336
- U.S. announces team pursuit skaters. USA Today (2006-02-12)
- NewsDaily Archived April 19, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
- Wetzel, Dan (2006-02-11). "Putting the 'He' in 'team'". Yahoo! Sports. Archived from the original on 2006-12-31.
- Shani Davis, Chad Hedrick full of positive vibes. The Washington Post. (2010-02-14).
- Shani Davis (Long Track Speedskating). chicago.about.com
- Speed Skating: Davis defends men's 1,000m title Vancouver2010.com, February 17, 2010.
- Shani Davis defends his 1,000-meter speedskating gold Yahoo! Sports, February 17, 2010.
- Tuitert wins 1,500m, denies Davis double, Vancouver2010.com.
- https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/winter-olympics-2018/2018/02/08/tweet-says-speedskater-shani-davis-upset-sel ection-u-s-flag-bearer-olympics/318701002/
- "Shani Davis tweet rips flag-bearer coin toss". 8 February 2018.
- "Shani Davis retires, takes new role in speed skating". NBC Sports. 24 November 2019. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- "Shani Davis". www.speedskatingresults.com. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
- "Evolution of the world record 1000 meters Men". www.speedskatingstats.com. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
- "National Records – United States (USA)". www.speedskatingresults.com. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
- "Evolution of the world record 1500 meters Men". www.speedskatingstats.com. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
- "Evolution of the world record Big combination Men". www.speedskatingstats.com. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
- Northern Michigan University Olympic training center at risk in Obama plan detnews.com – The Detroit News, February 3, 2010.
- 2006 Winter Olympics: Shani Davis profile; NOS Studio Sport.
- Inner City Excitement! DC-ICE. Innercityexcitement.com. Retrieved on 2013-01-27.
External links
|
|
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shani Davis. |
| Records | ||
|---|---|---|
Preceded by  |
Men's 1000 m speed skating world record November 20, 2005 – November 10, 2007 March 7, 2009 – March 9, 2019 |
Succeeded by |
Preceded by .svg.png){kind=small} |
Men's 1500 m speed skating world record January 9, 2005 – November 18, 2005 March 19, 2006 – November 9, 2007 March 6, 2009 – December 9, 2017 |
Succeeded by |
| Preceded by |
Men's big combination speed skating world record January 9, 2005 – January 21, 2006 March 19, 2006 – March 3, 2019 |
Succeeded by |
| Awards | ||
| Preceded by |
Oscar Mathisen Award 2005 2009 |
Succeeded by |
|
Authority control  |
|
|---|