Scandoromani language

Scandoromani (Swedish: romani, Norwegian: romani, Scandoromani: romani rakripa[4] alt. tavringens rakripa[5][6]), also known as Traveller Norwegian,[7] Tavringer Romani,[8] the Tattare language,[9] and Traveller Danish,[10] is a North Germanic based Para-Romani. It is spoken by the Scandinavian Romanisæl Travellers, a Romani minority community, in Norway (c. 100–150 elderly speakers),[1] and formerly in Sweden.

Scandoromani
Tater Language
Rom(m)ani; Romani rakripa
Native toNorway
Native speakers
c. 100–150 (2014)[1]
Speakers mostly elderly. More people speak Swedish with some Roma vocabulary.[1]
mixed Romani–Scandinavian
Official status
Official language in
recognised minority language in
 Norway (1993)
 Sweden (1999)
Language codes
ISO 639-3Variously:
rmg – Traveller Norwegian
rmu – Tavringer Romani (Sweden)
rmd – Traveller Danish
Glottologtrav1236  Norwegian[2]
tavr1235  Swedish[3]

"Scandoromani" is a term coined by academics. In Sweden, Scandoromani is referred to as resande rommani (Traveller Romani) or svensk rommani (Swedish Romani), while in Norway the same language is known as norsk romani (Norwegian Romani).

Like Angloromani in Britain and Caló in Spain, Scandoromani draws upon a (now extinct) vocabulary of inflected Romani. Much of the original Romani grammar, however, has been lost to the users, and they now communicate in Swedish or Norwegian grammar.

There is no standardised form of Scandoromani, so variations exist in vocabulary, pronunciation, and usage, depending on the speaker. In print, Scandoromani words are often written with Swedish (S) or Norwegian (N) letters (ä, æ, ø, å) and letter combinations to represent Romani sounds, e.g., tj- (/ɕ/) or kj- (/ç/ alt. /tʃ/) to represent the Romani č /tʃ/ and čh /tʃʰ/. Some examples of Scandoromani variant spellings are: tjuro[11] (S) / kjuro[5] (N) 'knife'; gräj[11] (S) / grei[5] (N) 'horse'.

See also

References
  1. Carling et al., 2014, Scandoromani: Remnants of a Mixed Language. Leiden: Brill.
  2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Traveller Norwegian". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Tavringer Romani". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  4. Cf. Romani rakripa
  5. Karlsen, Ludvig. "Tavringens Rakripa: Romanifolkets Ordbok" (in Norwegian and Scandoromani). Landsorganisasjonen for Romanifolket. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved November 18, 2008.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  6. A recent suggestion apparently backed by the Swedish Language Council is to call the language Svedo romani (i.e. "Swedish Romani"). This usage, however, is not widely documented among Scandoromani speakers.
  7. "Traveller Norwegian in the Language Cloud". Ethnologue. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
  8. "Tavringer Romani in the Language Cloud". Ethnologue. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
  9. LLOW Language Server - Tavringer Romani
  10. "Traveller Danish". Ethnologue. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
  11. Resande Folkets Riksorganisation (2006). Ordlista i resandespråket romani (in Swedish and Scandoromani) (2nd ed.). Malmö: Föreningen Resande Folkets Riksorganisation. ISBN 91-631-9668-9.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  • Hancock, Ian (1992) "The Social and Linguistic Development of Scandoromani", Jahr, Ernst Håkon (ed.), Language Contact: Theoretical and Empirical Studies, Berlin; New York: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 3-11-012802-0, pp. 37–52
  • 2014 Lenny Lindell – Scandoromani Remnants of a Mixed Language. (Brills) ISBN 9789004266445[3]

Suggested further reading
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.