Samuel Sandbach

Samuel Sandbach (1769-26 April 1851) was successively Bailiff, Coroner and Mayor of Liverpool, as well as High Sheriff of Denbighshire and a Justice of the Peace for Lancashire. He made his fortune as a merchant in a partnership that traded with the West Indies and owned slaves.

Early life and mercantile career

Samuel Sandbach, whose father, Adam, was an innkeeper and farmer, was born in 1769 at Tarporley in Cheshire, England. In 1788, he left England to join his uncle, also called Samuel Sandbach, who had for many years been living and trading in Grenada. Around 1792, after working for some time as a clerk in firm that had been trading since around 1782 in one form or another, the partners were so impressed with the younger Samuel that they invited him to join their ranks.[1]

When trade and thus the income from it went into a downturn, two of the partners — George Robertson, an older, long-established merchant, and Charles Stuart Parker — decided to concentrate on development of existing plantations in Demerara. Parker, who was a nephew of Robertson, returned to Britain after two years. Sandbach and the remaining partner, McInroy, were left to look after the merchanting aspect of the partnership and in 1801 established the Demerara-based firm of McInroy, Sandbach & Co.[1]

Robertson died in 1799, by which time Parker was back in Demerara. He, Sandbach and McInroy all returned to Britain in the same year as McInroy, Sandbach & Co. was founded. They then set up McInroy, Parker & Co. in Glasgow before Sandbach moved to Liverpool to establish another branch of the enterprise. Parker had married a niece of Robertson's in 1797 and Sandbach's move to Liverpool coincided with his own marriage on 15 December 1802 to another niece, Elizabeth Robertson, who was the daughter of a clergyman.[1][2] In 1813, the prosperous and well-connected Phillip Frederick Tinne, a Dutchman of Huguenot descent, joined the Liverpool firm, which became known as the "Rothchilds of Demerara", as a full partner.[3][4]

Until he formally left the firms in November 1833, when two of his sons took over his interest, Sandbach was a partner in the related businesses of Sandbach, Tinne & Co. (Liverpool), McInroy, Parker & Co. (Glasgow) and McInroy, Sandbach & Co. (Demerara). The enterprise grew to become owners of both ships and plantations and also exporters of coffee, molasses, rum and sugar from the West Indies to the British ports of Liverpool and Glasgow. They were significant slave owners until that practice was abolished, and from the 1830s until the 1920s were major transporters of indentured labour.[5][6] Under the terms of the Slave Compensation Act 1837, Sandbach shared compensation of over £35,000 for the liberation of over 500 slaves on two estates he co-owned.[7]

Sandbach was also for some time among the proprietors of the Herculaneum Pottery in Toxteth, Liverpool[8]

Public life

Sandbach was elected to the Liverpool council in December 1827 following the death of J. B. Hollinshead,[9] who had been at the forefront of an unsuccessful attempt to have him elected a few months earlier when Thomas Leyland had died.[10] He was appointed as Bailiff in October 1828[11] and as mayor for 1831-32.[12] He became High Sheriff of Denbighshire in 1838, at which time his address was given at Hafodunos, Abergele.[13] He had bought the Hafodunos estate in 1830.[14][lower-alpha 1]

He was deputy chairman of the Bank of Liverpool by the mid-1840s,[16] at which time he was also promoting a new company that intended to assist landowners in drainage of their properties.[17]

Family

Samuel and Elizabeth Sandbach had several children, one of whom, Henry Robertson Sandbach, married Margaret Roscoe, a granddaughter of William Roscoe.[2][lower-alpha 2] He built and briefly lived at a Liverpool mansion, variously described as being in St Anne Street and in Mansfield Street, that then became home to Thomas Colley Porter, another mayor of the borough.[21][22] He was living at Woodlands in Aigburth, near Liverpool, by 1832[23] and died there on 26 April 1851.[2] Aside from his Welsh estate at Hafodunos, Sandbach had also bought estates around Calveley Hall and the Handley area of Cheshire.[24]

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See also

References

Notes

  1. Sandbach was not the only Liverpool slaver to buy land in North Wales. Both Richard Wilding (d. 1820) and John Chambres Jones (d. 1833) had done so.[15]
  2. There were at least four sons[18] and three daughters. Of the daughters, one married John Abraham Tinne and another Charles Stuart Parker junior, with both of whom Sandbach had been in partnership as a merchant.[19][20]

Citations

  1. Hollett, Dave (1999). Passage from India to El Dorado: Guyana and the Great Migration. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. pp. 36–40. ISBN 978-0-83863-819-4.
  2. "Samuel Sandbach, Esq., of Woodlands, County of Lancaster". Illustrated London News. 3 May 1851. p. 30.
  3. Hollett, Dave (1999). Passage from India to El Dorado: Guyana and the Great Migration. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. pp. 41–42. ISBN 978-0-83863-819-4.
  4. Draper, Nick (2014). "Helping to make Britain great: the commercial legacies of slave-ownership in Britain". Legacies of British Slave-Ownership: Colonial Slavery and the Formation of Victorian Britain. Cambridge University Press. p. 87. ISBN 978-1-31606-124-4.
  5. Blackburn, Robin (2015). "The Scope of Accumulation and the Reach of Moral Perception: Slavery, Market Revolution and Atlantic Capitalism". In Hall, Catherine; Draper, Nicholas; McClelland, Keith (eds.). Emancipation and the Remaking of the British Imperial World (Reprinted ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 50, 58. ISBN 978-1-52610-301-7.
  6. "Notice Is Hereby Given". Gore's Liverpool General Advertiser. 10 July 1834. p. 1.
  7. "Samuel Sandbach -Profile & Legacies Summary". Legacies of British Slave Ownership. University College London. Retrieved 2020-07-22.
  8. Hyland, Peter (2005). The Herculaneum Pottery: Liverpool's Forgotten Glory. Liverpool University Press. p. 192. ISBN 978-0-85323-979-6.
  9. "Leeds Intelligencer". Manchester Mercury. 11 December 1827. p. 1.
  10. "Common Council Proceedings". Gore's Liverpool General Advertiser. 2 August 1827. p. 3.
  11. "Local". Gore's Liverpool General Advertiser. 23 October 1828. p. 4.
  12. "List of Lord Mayors of Liverpool" (PDF). Liverpool City Council. Retrieved 2017-08-22.
  13. "No. 19586". The London Gazette. 2 February 1838. p. 232.
  14. Hall, Catherine; Draper, Nicholas; McClelland, Keith, eds. (2015). Emancipation and the Remaking of the British Imperial World (Reprinted ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-52610-301-7.
  15. Pope, David (2007). "The Wealth and Social Aspirations of Liverpool's Slave Merchants of the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century". In Richardson, David; Schwarz, Suzanne; Tibbles, Anthony (eds.). Liverpool and Transatlantic Slavery. Liverpool University Press. pp. 221–222. ISBN 978-1-84631-066-9.
  16. "Annual Meeting of the Bank of Liverpool". Liverpool Mail. 13 September 1845. p. 8.
  17. "The Lancashire, Cheshire and North Wales Drainage and Enclosure Company". Chester Chronicle. 6 February 1846. p. 2.
  18. "Marriages". Carlisle Journal. 23 November 1844. p. 3.
  19. "No. XXX - Mr. John Abraham Tinne". Liverpool Mercury. 25 July 1856. p. 6.
  20. "Death of Mr. C. S. Parker". Liverpool Mercury. 28 October 1868. p. 6.
  21. Picton, James Allanson (1875). Memorials of Liverpool: historical and topographical, including a history of the Dock Estate. Longmans, Green. pp. 46, 310–311.
  22. "The Late Mr Thomas Porter". Liverpool Mail. 15 August 1863. p. 5.
  23. "Marriages". Newcastle Journal. 12 May 1832. p. 5.
  24. "The Late Mr. C. S. Parker". Liverpool Mail. 31 October 1868. p. 4.

Further reading
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