Sally Gross (South African activist)

Sally Gross (born Selwyn Gross; 22 August 1953 – 14 February 2014) was an anti-apartheid and intersex activist. A member of the African National Congress during the apartheid era,[1] and the founder of Intersex South Africa, Gross acted as a mentor to intersex activists around the globe.[2]

Sally Gross
Born	Selwyn Gross (1953-08-22)22 August 1953 Wynberg, Cape Town
Died	14 February 2014(2014-02-14) (aged 60)
Nationality	South African
Occupation	Community activist
Known for	Anti-apartheid activist; intersex activist; founder of Intersex South Africa
Website	intersex.org.za

Early life and diagnosis

Gross was born on 22 August 1953 to a Jewish family, classified as male, and named Selwyn Gross. Although aware of her genital ambiguities, she was only formally diagnosed as having an intersex variation in 1993 at age 40.[3] She was subsequently reclassified as female.

Spirituality, refugee status, and early works

Although born to a Jewish family, Gross was drawn to Catholicism and was baptised in early 1976.[1] She fled South Africa in May 1977, on the advice of colleagues in the African National Congress, moving to Botswana and then later to Israel where her parents had settled, before becoming a novitiate in the Dominican Order in Oxford, England, in 1981. She was ordained a deacon in "around 1985" and a priest in 1987,[4] and then taught moral theology and ethics at Blackfriars in Oxford. She holds a master's degree from Oxford University. In 1987, Gross served as a delegate in an ANC conference, headed by Thabo Mbeki, in Dakar, Senegal.[1] She was invited to teach in South Africa by the Dominicans once the South African ban on the ANC was lifted in 1990.[2]

Gross gained Israeli citizenship[5] but lost her South African citizenship during her time as a refugee, which was restored in 1991.[1] In the early 1990s she began to "discern and explore" issues around her body and identity; she took a leave of absence from the Dominican Order, and moved to Eastbourne in England.[6] A year later, her clerical status was stripped and she considered herself removed from communion with the Church.[6] She later found a spiritual home in the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), and in Buddhism.[7]

Her return to South Africa was complicated by a loss of citizenship during the apartheid era, and her change of sex classification.[5] Granted a passport with a male sex descriptor in 1991, her requests for a passport with a female sex descriptor were passed around the South African Home Affairs and Health Departments. Gross rejected a suggestion of "genital "disambiguation" surgery" as "an immoral suggestion".[5] Eventually she was granted a passport and a birth certificate with female sex markers, on the basis of a mistaken original classification.[5]

Intersex activism

Gross was a founder of Intersex South Africa,[8] an autonomous intersex community organisation affiliated with Organisation Intersex International.[2]

In 2000, Sally secured the first known mention of intersex in national law,[9][10] with the inclusion of "intersex" within the definition of "sex" in the anti-discrimination law of the Republic of South Africa. Since then, she helped to draft legislation[7][9] on the Alteration of Sex Descriptors, and the Promotion of Equality.

Gross was a public speaker on intersex issues, and she was interviewed by the BBC World Service on intersex and the Caster Semenya affair in September 2009.[11] She appears in a video for It Gets Better South Africa in April 2013.[12] Gross also participated in the first International Intersex Forum in 2011[13] and appears in the documentary Intersexion.[10] Via Skype, Gross presented a paper entitled "Not in God's Image: Intersex, Social Death and Infanticide" to a conference on Intersex, Theology and the Bible in March 2013 by the Manchester University Religion and Civil Society Network.[4]

Death

The Daily Maverick newspaper reported that Gross died alone in her apartment in Cape Town on 14 February 2014, "having been forced to appeal to friends for funds to pay rent and medical bills as her health deteriorated; she was virtually immobile."[4] In obituaries by Organisation Intersex International, Intersex Trust Aotearoa New Zealand and the Star Observer newspaper, Gross is remembered as a gentle and fearless advocate, and a mentor.[2][10][14]

See also

• Intersex rights in South Africa

References

1. Gross, Sally (21 February 2000). "The journey from Selwyn to Sally" (PDF). The Witness.
2. Remembering Sally Gross, Organisation Intersex International, 21 February 2014
3. Intersex South Africa - Staff Members, Intersex South Africa, undated. Retrieved 18 March 2014
4. "Sally Gross: The fight for gender equality loses a giant", Daily Maverick, 25 February 2014; accessed 27 July 2015.
5. Gross, Sally (23 February 2000). "The struggle to be Sally" (PDF). The Witness.
6. Gross, Sally (22 February 2000). "Shunned by the church" (PDF). The Witness.
7. Updated feature article (2009) Archived 2014-03-18 at the Wayback Machine, intersex.org.za, 2009.
8. In Loving Memory of Founder and Friend - Sally Gross Archived 2014-03-18 at the Wayback Machine, intersex.org.za; accessed 27 July 2015.
9. Eighth Day of Intersex: Sally Gross, Organisation Intersex International Australia, 2 November 2011
10. "In memory of Sally Gross ISSA-Intersex Society of South Africa", Intersex Trust Aotearoa New Zealand, 17 February 2014.
11. BBC World Service - Africa - South Africa, BBC World Service, 20 September 2009
12. Sally Gross, Founder and Director of Intersex South Africa on YouTube, It Gets Better South Africa, 3 April 2013
13. First ever international intersex forum Archived 2014-05-17 at the Wayback Machine, ILGA, 7 September 2011.
14. "Sally Gross remembered as fearless intersex leader", Star Observer, 4 March 2014.