Saint Andrews, New Brunswick

Saint Andrews (2016 population: 1,786)[1] is a town in Charlotte County, New Brunswick, Canada. The historic town is a national historic site of Canada, bearing many characteristics of a typical 18th century British colonial settlement, including the original grid layout with its market square, and the classical architecture.[3]

Saint Andrews Saint-Andrews
Town
Historic town centre
Nickname(s):  Saint Andrews By-the-Sea
Saint Andrews
Coordinates: 45.07399°N 67.05209°W / 45.07399; -67.05209
Country	Canada
Province	New Brunswick
County	Charlotte
Settled	1783
Incorporated	1903
Named for	Saint Andrew's Day
Government
• Type	New Brunswick Municipality
• Mayor	Doug Naish
• Deputy Mayor	Brad Henderson
• Councillors	Guy Groulx, Kurt Gumushel, Edie Bishop, Andrew Harrison, Kate Akagi
• CAO	Chris Spear
Area [1]
• Land	8.35 km^2 (3.22 sq mi)
Population  (2016)[2]
• Total	1,786
• Density	213.9/km^2 (554/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC-4 (Atlantic (AST))
• Summer (DST)	UTC-3 (ADT)
Canadian Postal code	E5B
Area code(s)	506
Telephone Exchange	529
NTS Map	021G03
GNBC Code	DAEBC
Website	http://www.townofstandrews.ca/

Although often shortened in non-official sources to St. Andrews, the town's legal name is spelt Saint Andrews,[4] and appears as such on the town's website.[5]

History

At the eastern end the town is a midden, a pile of shells and other refuse that accumulated over two thousand years due to year-round activity of the indigenous peoples in Canada. It is today a provincial heritage site.[6]

The site of the town was named Qunnnoskwamk'ook, meaning long gravel bar in the Malecite-Passamaquoddy language. The present name was given by a French missionary who landed at the site on Saint Andrew's Day.[7]

The site was settled in 1783 by Penobscot Loyalists.[8] The town's street grid was designed by Charles Morris and was laid out at that time and persists today.[3] Except for the shoreline Water Street, all street names have royal or colonial associations.[9] Also typical of British colonial settlement of the time are the defensive sites, public spaces, and delineation of the town.[3]

A blockhouse was built during the War of 1812 and is now a national historic site.[10]

Between 1820 and 1860, the port of Saint Andrews welcomed Irish immigrants. They were first quarantined at Hospital Island, in Passamaquoddy Bay. At the 1851 census, more than 50% of the town's population had been born in Ireland.[11]

The Pendlebury Lighthouse, also known as the St. Andrews North Point Lighthouse, was built in 1833 at the tip of the peninsula.[12] It was deactivated in 1938, and has since been restored and registered as a Canadian historic place.

In 1840, the Charlotte County Court House was built, and is still in use.[13]

In the late 1800s and early 1900s St Andrews became a seaside resort for people from Montreal and Boston seeking to escape the summer heat.[9] The town's first seaside hotel, the Argyll, opened in 1881[14] followed in 1889 by The Algonquin, a resort on a hill overlooking the town, making Saint Andrews Canada's first seaside resort.[15] The Argyll burned down in 1892 and was never rebuilt and the Algonquin burned in 1914 but was rebuilt one year later. The lifestyle of wealthy summer visitors is commemorated at the Ross Memorial Museum.[16]

A federal marine research facility, the St. Andrews Biological Station, was established in 1908.[9] and the Huntsman Marine Science Centre in 1969.[17]

The town was designated a national historic site in 1998.

Historical population of Saint Andrews, New Brunswick

Year	1901	1911	1921	1931	1941	1951	1961	1981	1986	1991	1996	2001	2006	2011	2016
Population	1064	987	1065	1207	1167	1458	1531	1760	1612	1652	1752	1869	1798	1889	1786

Geography

Saint Andrews is at the southern tip of a peninsula, extending into Passamaquoddy Bay. The waterfront faces Saint Andrews Harbour and the Western Channel, which is formed by Navy Island. The harbour is at the mouth of the St. Croix River.

The town is directly opposite the community of Robbinston, Maine, 2 kilometres to the west across the river mouth, and 53 km by road.

Ministers Island is east of the town and is accessible by road at low tide only.[18]

St. Andrews
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     109     −2 −11     91     −1 −11     90     3 −5     90     9 0     97     15 5     84     20 9     77     23 12     83     23 12     97     19 9     104     13 4     127     7 0     121     0 −8 Average max. and min. temperatures in °C Precipitation totals in mm Source: climate-data.org
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     4.3     28 12     3.6     30 12     3.5     37 23     3.5     48 32     3.8     59 41     3.3     68 48     3     73 54     3.3     73 54     3.8     66 48     4.1     55 39     5     45 32     4.8     32 18 Average max. and min. temperatures in °F Precipitation totals in inches

Transportation

Despite its proximity to the Canada–United States border, the nearest border crossings are 30 km away at St. Stephen or via a ferry service at Deer Island.

The only way into or out of Saint Andrews by land is via Route 127, which runs directly through the town. It meets Route 1 on either end of the town.

Media

A local community channel, CHCO, serves the Saint Andrews and Charlotte County area. The station launched in 1993 on cable television, and began broadcasting over the air in 2006.

Education

• NBCC St. Andrews [19]
• Vincent Massey Elementary School (K-5)
• Sir James Dunn Academy (6-12)[20]

Gallery

• 
  Ross Museum
• 
  All Saints Anglican Church is the oldest established church in city proper limits.
• 
  Sheriff Andrews House, a museum
• 
  Saint Andrews features many outdoor murals
• 
  St. Andrews Lighthouse
• 
  The original Algonquin hotel

See also

• List of historic places in St. Andrews
• List of people from Charlotte County

References

1. "Census Profile, 2016 Census: Saint Andrews, New Brunswick". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
2. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=1302026&Geo2=PR&Code2=13&SearchText=Saint%20Andrews&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0; retrieved: 20 June 2020.
3. "St. Andrews Historic District National Historic Site of Canada". www.pc.gc.ca. Government of Canada. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
4. "New Brunswick Regulation 85-6 under the Municipalities Act (O.C. 85-45)". Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
5. "Town of Saint Andrews, New Brunswick". Big Bright Sun Communications. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
6. "Pagan Point". www.historicplaces.ca. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
7. "St. Andrews". Provincial Archives of New Brunswick. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
8. Siebert, Wilbur (1914). "Provincial Archives of New Brunswick". archives.gnb.ca. The Ohio State University. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
9. "Our Heritage". St. Andrews by-the-Sea. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
10. Parks Canada Agency, Government of Canada (1 June 2020). "St. Andrews Blockhouse National Historic Site". www.pc.gc.ca. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
11. Irish Canadian Cultural Association of New Brunswick Archived 2009-07-26 at the Wayback Machine
12. "Pendlebury Lighthouse". www.historicplaces.ca. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
13. "Charlotte County Court House". www.historicplaces.ca. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
14. David Sullivan, Argyll Hotel, Old New Brunswick, Accessed August 23, 2016
15. "Heritage, Arts & Culture". Town of Saint Andrews. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
16. "Ross Memorial Museum". Retrieved 6 June 2020.
17. "Huntsman Marine Science Centre". Huntsman Marine Science Centre. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
18. "The Van Horne Estate on Ministers Island, Crossing Tides & Time, A Unique Canadian Maritime Coastal Experience, St Andrews by the sea, New Brunswick, Canada". ministersisland.net. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
19. NBCC St. Andrews, Campus of New Brunswick Community College.
20. Schools in Anglophone South School District

External links