Safaricom

Safaricom PLC is a listed Kenyan mobile network operator headquartered at Safaricom House in Nairobi, Kenya.[1] It is the largest telecommunications provider in Kenya, and one of the most profitable companies in the East and Central Africa region.[2] The company offers mobile telephony, mobile money transfer, consumer electronics, ecommerce, cloud computing, data, music streaming, and fibre optic services. It is most renowned as the home of MPESA, a mobile banking SMS-based service.

Safaricom PLC

Safaricom logo
Safaricom House, Waiyaki Way, Nairobi
Trade name	Safaricom (SCOM)
Type	Public Limited Company; owned by Vodacom 35%, Permanent Secretary (The Treasury) 35%, Vodafone 5% & retail investors 25%
Industry	Telecommunications
Founded	1997
Headquarters	Safaricom House, Nairobi, Kenya
Key people	Peter Ndegwa, CEO
Products	G.S.M related products and Mobile Money Transfer
Brands	M-Pesa Masoko Songa M-Pesa1Tap
Services	Mobile Telephony Mobile Money transfer Consumer electronics Ecommerce Cloud computing Data Music Streaming Fibre Optic
Revenue	KES240.3 Billion (2019)
Operating income	KES79.91 Billion (2019)
Net income	KES63.4 billion (2019)
Number of employees	6,477+ (2019)
Website	www.safaricom.co.ke

Safaricom controls approximately 63.5% percent of the Kenyan market as at 30 June 2019.[3][4][5] Safaricom had a subscriber base estimated at approximately 33.1 million.[3][6]

In terms of voice market and SMS market share Safaricom controls 56.8% and 95.5% respectively.[3]

Safaricom was formed in 1997 as a fully owned subsidiary of Telkom Kenya. In May 2000, Vodafone Group PLC of the United Kingdom acquired a 40% stake and management responsibility for the company.[7] In 2008, the government offered 25% of its shares to the public through the Nairobi Securities Exchange.

Safaricom was ranked as Africa's Best Employer, 67th in the World by the Forbes Global 200 list of World's Best Employers. In March 2018, Safaricom was ranked as the #1 company to work for in the annual BrighterMonday Best 100 Companies to Work for in Kenya according to career professionals and job seekers.[8]

As of December 2017, Safaricom employed over 4,500 people, of whom 75 per cent were based in Nairobi, the Headquarters, with the remainder based in other big cities like Mombasa, Kisumu, Nakuru and Eldoret, in which it operates retail outlets. It has nationwide dealerships to ensure customers across the country have access to its products and services.

In November 2012, Safaricom announced it would be offering a new mobile phone banking product in conjunction with the Commercial Bank of Africa, tapping into an underdeveloped financial services market.[9]

On 1 November 2010, Bob Collymore was appointed chief executive officer, succeeding Michael Joseph (businessman).[10] Collymore died on 1 July 2019.[11] Michael Joseph was appointed by the Safaricom PLC board to succeed Bob Collymore in acting capacity.[12]

On 24 October 2019, The Safaricom board of directors appointed Mr. Peter Ndegwa Chief Executive Officer effective 1 April 2020.[13]

History

2G service on 900 MHz and 1800 MHz. 3G DC-HSPA+ service on 900 MHz & 2100 MHz. Safaricom later launched LTE-A (4G service with carrier aggregation) service in Nairobi and Mombasa on band 20 (800 MHz) and band 3 (1800 MHz) in December 2014 and has expanded to other cities.[14] Safaricom's competitors, Airtel Kenya and Telkom Kenya have expressed dissatisfaction with the way the regulatory body Communications Authority of Kenya, awarded Safaricom its LTE (long Term Evolution) license to operate at 800 MHz.[15]

Safaricom was the first company in Kenya to possess 3G Internet technology with recent success of 4G / LTE connectivity currently in all major Kenyan cities.[16]

Flashback service ('Please Call Me most of Safaricom's customers, network congestion emerges from a practice called 'flashing'. Flashing is the practice of calling another mobile user, but disconnecting before the connected call is answered. It provides a method for mobile users to alert someone that they wish to be called, but either can't, or won't, pay for the call. The method is cost-free for the users; but costly in network bandwidth.[17]

That is why Safaricom introduced a flashback service that gave every subscriber five free SMS messages with a single predefined message stating "Please call me. Thank you". Although the messages can be annoying when sent just for fun they can prove useful when one is in trouble and has no airtime. It also gives parents more of a reason to get mobile phones for their children without the real need for getting them airtime.[17]

Kipokezi service

Safaricom launched the Kipokezi service in May 2000 that enabled its subscribers to send and receive email and online chat through standard mobile phones. The service does not require users to have an Internet connection as it uses ForgetMeNot Africa’s Handset Initiation technology. Prior to the service fewer than one in ten Kenyans had accessed the Internet but the Kipokezi launch allowed more than a third of the population to exchange email and online chat messages.[18]

Lipa Mdogo Mdogo

In Partnership with Google, Safaricom introduced Lipa Mdogo Mdogo, a product targeting individuals with 2G phones by upgrading them to 4G enabled devices while paying daily installments of Ksh.20 over a period of one year.[19]

Ndegwa who's the CEO of the company pointed out that they are targeting 1 million customers with plans of rolling the service to other countries depending on its initial success.

M-PESA

Main article: M-Pesa

History

This system is remotely comparable to hawala banking, but much better technologically. An M-PESA-enabled mobile phone can also function as an electronic wallet and can hold up to 100,000 Kenyan shilling (approx. US$1,000). Safaricom has announced that it intends to roll out M-PESA to other countries.[20]

M-PESA (M for mobile, pesa is Swahili for money) is a mobile phone-based money transfer, financing and micro financing service, launched in 2007 by Vodafone for Safaricom and Vodacom. M-PESA was originally designed as a system to allow microfinance-loan repayments to be made by phone, reducing the costs associated with handling cash. After the pilot testing it was broadened to become a general money-transfer scheme.

How it works

Once a user registers for M-PESA, they pay money into the system by handing cash at an M-Pesa agent, who then credits the money to the user's M-Pesa account. The user then gets an SMS notifying them of the transaction.

A user withdraws money by visiting an agent, who checks that the user has sufficient funds before debiting the user's account and handing over the cash. An M-Pesa user can also transfer money to others using a menu on their phone. Cash can thus be sent one place to another instantly, safely and easily. This is in contrast to the preferred system before where money was sent by a porter, usually a friend, relative or bus crew, to the intended recipient.

M-PESA was first launched by the Kenyan mobile network operator Safaricom, where Vodafone was technically a minority shareholder (40%), in March 2007. M-PESA quickly captured a significant market share for cash transfers and grew to 17 million subscribers by December 2011 in Kenya alone

The growth of the service forced formal banking institutions to take note of the new venture. In December 2008, a group of banks reportedly lobbied the Kenyan finance minister to audit M-PESA, in an effort to at least slow the growth of the service. This ploy failed, as the audit found that the service was robust. At this time, The Banking Act did not provide the basis to regulate products offered by non-banks, of which M-PESA was one such very successful product. As at November 2014, M-PESA transactions for the 11 months of 2014 were valued at KES. 2.1 trillion, a 28% increase from 2013, and almost half the value of the country's GDP.

On November 19, 2014, Safaricom launched a companion android app Safaricom M-Ledger for its M-PESA users. The application, currently available only on Android, gives M-PESA users a historical view of all their transactions.

M-Pesa’s usage and success in Kenya

M-Pesa has been particularly successful in Kenya, compared to mobile money platforms in other countries. Contributing factors here include the exceptionally high cost of sending money by other methods; the dominant market position of Safaricom;the regulator's initial decision to allow the scheme to proceed on an experimental basis, without formal approval; a clear and effective marketing campaign (“Send money home”); an efficient system to move cash around behind the scenes; and, the post-election violence in the country in early 2008.

During the post-election violence, M-Pesa was used to transfer money to people trapped in Nairobi's slums at the time. Some Kenyans regarded M-PESA as a safer place to store their money than the banks, which were entangled in ethnic disputes. Having established a base of initial users, M-PESA then benefitted from network effects: the more people who used it, the more it made sense for others to sign up for it.

M-PESA has since been extended to offer loans and savings products, and can also be used to disburse salaries or pay bills, which saves users further time and money as compared to doing so from banks.

M-PESA has a wide range of financial services including Person to Person, ATM withdrawal, Payments, Bulk Payments and Bank to M-PESA

As of January 2016, M-Pesa is used by 21.8 million Kenyans, with over 1.5 million of M-Pesa users using the bill payment feature. At the time M-Pesa had a network of over 90,000 agent outlets.

Average value of monthly person to person transfers on M-Pesa was Kshs 106B while Person to Business transfers were at Kshs 23.5bn and Business to Person at Kshs 27.8bn per month.

M-Pesa is in partnership with a number of banks. M-Shwari and KCB M-Pesa are two such services, which provide access to savings and loans to users.

Product	Description		Time line
M-Shwari	This is a banking product exclusively for M-PESA customers provided by Commercial bank of Africa (CBA) in partnership with Safaricom. M-Shwari provides financial access to millions of Kenyans who previously had no access allowing them access micro savings and micro credit straight from their phones.		Nov 2012
M-Shwari Lock Savings	This is a savings account that allows M-Shwari customers to save fund for a defined purpose, for a specified amount and within a specified period		June 2014
M-PESA Growth	2014 2015 Deposits 104,955,132,618 125,298,015,514 Transfers 92,116,902,245 107,396,348,247 Withdrawals 90,264,165,528 107,065,238,244 B2C 14,183,972,826 29,303,669,495 C2B 14,767,038,267 24,536,550,463 Airtime 3,954,745,855 4,868,556,607 M-KESHO Deposits 2,036,686,967 2,364,464,562 Buy Goods 5,647,048,109 13,387,019,244 IMT 565,608,224 1,011,196,047
M-PESA Sure pay	Safaricom launches a new service that allows organizations such as World Food Programme to track funds send to beneficiaries via M-PESA	March 2015
M-PESA and Vodacom Tanzania partnership	M-PESA customers now able to send and receive money to and from Tanzania	March 2015
KCB M-PESA	Safaricom and KCB launched a mobile savings and loan product	March 2015
Lipa Stima Service	Okoa Stima allows one to borrow any amount they require based on a predetermined limit given by their historical relationship with Kenya Power & pay their post pay or prepaid KPLC bills by dialing *885# from the mobile.	April 2015
M-PESA G2 platform	Migration of the current M-PESA G1 platform to allow an enhanced G2 platform that will allow for faster transactions, improved stability as well as enable more functionality from the service.	April 2015
E Citizen	Safaricom partners with the Government of Kenya to provide one Paybill number 206206 for use in payment of government services through the governments e-citizen platform	April 2015
Realtime settlement (RTS)	A service that allows partners to receive funds after withdrawal from their merchant tills real-time in their bank account So far 17 banks have been on boarded for the RTS service: Equity Bank Kenya Commercial Bank Co-operative Bank Diamond Trust Bank NIC Bank Standard Chartered Bank Consolidated Bank CFC Stanbic Bank National Bank of Kenya Chase Bank Bank of Africa Gulf African Bank Commercial Bank of Africa First Community Bank Credit Bank Kenya United Bank For Africa Jamii Bora	July 2015
1st M-PESA developers initiative	Safaricom opened up the API for M-PESA to third-party developers, a move that will encourage innovation and attract more traffic onto the mobile money system.	September 2015
M-Akiba launch	Safaricom in partnership with the government launched a product that allows Kenyans to be able to open Central Bank depository accounts from their phones without visiting a bank or broker, and can then buy government paper for as little as Sh3,000 shillings	September 2015
Hakikisha	A service that allows customers to confirm the name of the recipient before sending funds, withdrawing funds and paying bills	October 2015
New KCC cashless solution	Safaricom formed a partnership with Kenya Co-operative Creameries (KCC) to deploy a cashless payments service to enhance business efficiency and address the risks associated with cash handling. Through a mobile application, over 200 sales and distribution agents for New KCC will be able to place and process orders, access live delivery reports, create invoices and make payments. The app will also generate regular reports to ensure accountability and for record keeping.	November 2015
M-Tiba	This is a mobile centric platform approach that seeks to provide better coordination of Health care services between payers, patients and providers	December 2015
M-PESA Statements	A customer is able to access their M-PESA statements by dialing *234# from their handsets and follow prompts to enter the preferred email address to which they would like their M-PESA statements sent. Customers have an option of accessing one-off statements for 3; 6 or 12 months in one go.	January 2016
Lipa Na M-PESA	Safaricom Lipa Na M-PESA merchants hit 36,000	February 2016
International Money Transfer	This service allows anyone wishing to send money to Kenya to visit a Safaricom IMT partner and send money to an M-PESA mobile phone in Kenya. The transaction is similar to a traditional cash-to-cash money transfer, except that the sender specifies the recipient's mobile phone number at the time the funds are sent. Recipients in Kenya must subscribe to the M-PESA service through Safaricom to access the service.	N/A
M-PESA 1tap	M-PESA 1Tap is the faster way to pay with MPESA. Using a card, phone sticker or wristband device that is connected to your M-PESA account, you can easily and securely make Lipa Na M-PESA Buy Goods and Services payments. With M-PESA 1Tap, you simply tap, enter PIN to pay and go!	May 2017
M-PESA Global	M-PESA Global enables M-PESA registered customers to send and receive money globally. M-PESA customers will be able to send funds; To East Africa: Rwanda, Tanzania & Uganda Globally: To millions of Bank accounts and over 500,000 Western Union locations globally. PayPal: M-PESA registered customers will receive the funds from abroad on their M-PESA account. M-PESA customers can access the service by dialling *840# >Accept terms and conditions to Opt in > Select send money abroad on mySafaricom App.	N/A
Safaricom Neon Smartphones	Safaricom Neon phones are low cost , entry smartphones costing below Kenya shillings 5,000[21] marketed by Safaricom designed to have more Kenyans move from feature phones to smartphone[22]s. Since 2018, they've launched many models including: Neon Kicka, Neon Ray, Neon Storm and Neon Ray Pro	2018

Elsewhere

South Africa

In September 2010 Vodacom and Ned bank announced the launch of the service in South Africa, where there were estimated to be more than 13 million "economically active" people without a bank account. M-PESA has been slow to gain a toehold in the South African market compared to Vodacom's projections that it would sign up 10 million users in the following three years. By May 2011, it had registered approximately 100,000 customers. The gap between expectations for M-PESA's performance and its actual performance can be partly attributed to differences between the Kenyan and South African markets, including the banking regulations at the time of M-PESA's launch in each country. According to Money Web, a South African investment website, "A tough regulatory environment with regards to customer registration and the acquisition of outlets also compounded the company's troubles, as the local regulations are more stringent in comparison to our African counterparts. Lack of education and product understanding also hindered efforts in the initial roll out of the product." In June 2011, Vodacom and Nedbank launched a campaign to re-position M-PESA, targeting the product to potential customers who have a higher Living Standard Measures (LSM) index than were first targeted.^]

Despite efforts, as at March 2015, M-PESA still struggled to grow its customer base. This comes as no surprise as South Africa is well known for being ahead of financial institutions globally in terms of maturity and technological innovation. According to Genesis Analytics, 70% of South Africans are "banked", meaning that they have at least one bank account with an established financial institution which have their own banking products which directly compete with the M-PESA offering.

Tanzania

M-PESA was launched in Tanzania by Vodacom in 2008 but its initial ability to attract customers fell short of expectations. In 2010, the International Finance Corporation released a report which explored many of these issues in greater depth and analyzed the strategic changes that Vodacom has implemented to improve their market position.[23] As of May 2013, M-PESA in Tanzania has five million subscribers

India

M-PESA, was launched in India as a close partnership between Vodafone India and ICICI bank in November 2011 under the leadership of Mr Suresh Sethi. The service today operates in all telecom circles where Vodafone India is present. Users (of any telecom operator) can activate the M-Pesa service by downloading the Vodafone M-Pesa app (available on all app stores) on to their phones and registering themselves or by visiting any Vodafone store, Vodafone mini-store or M-Pesa agent point across the country. Customers of Vodafone can also activate the M-Pesa service by dialing *400# from their mobiles and completing the registration process. Using the *400# (USSD) facility allows Vodafone customers to avail of the benefits of M-Pesa without having a smartphone or a data connection. Registration is entirely free of charge.

A customer who activates his M-pesa wallet by only providing his basic demographic details and not sharing any proof of identity is enabled as a minimum KYC customer on M-Pesa. A minimum KYC customer of M-Pesa can not do money transfer (P2B, P2P) from his wallet account but can avail services like recharges (Prepaid mobile/DTH), bill payments, merchant payments, EMI payments, utility payments, insurance payments etc. They also have a monthly /daily/per transaction limit of 10000 Indian Rupees. If a minimum KYC M-Pesa customer wants to avail of bank transfer facility/increase his or her monthly transaction limit, then he or she can do so by doing their KYC using their Aadhar at any Vodafone store or M-Pesa agent point.

M-Pesa in India operates under two licenses, the PPI (Prepaid Payment Instruments) license issued by the Reserve Bank of India and the business correspondent license issued by ICICI bank. M-Pesa has also received in -principle nod of the regulator to set up a payments bank in India. Vodafone M-Pesa is the largest business correspondent channel in India with 1.5 lac+ M-Pesa agents who are enabled to provide cash-in, cash-out and assisted payments facility to M-Pesa customers.

Shareholding

In 2008, reports appearing in the cross section of the press indicated that Vodafone Plc of UK only owned 35% while the remaining 5% was owned by a little-known company, Mobitelea Ventures Limited. The reports caused a stir which led to the summoning of its CEO Michael Joseph to appear before the PIC "Public Investment Committee", where he denied knowing who the other shareholder is. A spokesman for Vodafone said "the PIC has no powers to investigate M&A activity (see Mergers and Acquisitions), only to ask to view company accounts of Vodafone Kenya Limited, a company registered in Kenya. Mobitelea Ventures Limited were granted an option to purchase 25% of Vodafone's shares which they completed in 2002, Vodafone bought back half of the stake in 2003 for $10 million,[23] and in the financial year ending 31 March 2009 purchased the remaining indirect equity stake of 5%, thus returning Vodafone to its original 40% stake-holding.[24] Vodafone said that whilst it would like to disclose who owns Mobitelea it is unable to because of a confidentiality agreement.[23]

As of December 2017, the company's stock was owned by the following public and private entities.[25] The stock of the company is listed on the Nairobi Stock Exchange, where it trades under the symbol: SCOM.[26]

Safaricom Stock Ownership

Rank	Name of Owner	Percentage Ownership
1	Government of Kenya	35.0
2	Vodafone of Kenya	40.0
3	Retail investors via the Nairobi Stock Exchange	25.0
	Total	100.00

See also

• Mobitelea Ventures Limited
• List of mobile network operators in Kenya

References

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2. Wafula, Paul. "Safaricom: Kenya's most amazing money maker". The Standard. Retrieved 2018-12-07.
3. https://ca.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sector-Statistics-Report-Q4-2018-19.pdf
4. https://ca.go.ke/mobile-money-transfers-hit-ksh-2-trillion-as-penetration-shoots-to-100-per-cent/
5. CNBC Africa (16 January 2016). "What you should know about East Africa's largest listed company". Johannesburg: CNBC Africa. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
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8. https://www.forbes.com/companies/safaricom/#2ab127eb2ced
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11. "Safaricom boss Bob Collymore is dead". The Star. 1 July 2019.
12. Obura, Fredrick. "Safaricom Board appoints Michael Joseph acting CEO". The Standard. Retrieved 2019-07-06.
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14. Kamau, Scola (11 April 2015). "Safaricom gets headstart in scramble for frequencies". The EastAfrican. Nairobi. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
15. Okuttah, Mark (3 September 2015). "Why Airtel wants a share of Safaricom 4G frequency". Business Daily Africa. Nairobi. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
16. Chapman, Sophie (11 December 2017). "Safaricom's 4G network is now available in all Kenyan counties". Johannesburg: African Business Review. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
17. Nation Reporter (25 August 2005). "Kenya: Safaricom in New Method to Flash Callers". Daily Nation via AllAfrica.com. Nairobi. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
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19. Shiangala, Mike (2020-07-28). "Get a Phone at 20 Bob Monthly Repayments From Safaricom". Smatt Geeks Media. Retrieved 2020-07-29.
20. Business Today Reporter (14 June 2017). "Safaricom to roll out M-Pesa across Africa". Nairobi: Business Today. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
21. "Neon Nova Price in Kenya". www.phonestablets.co.ke. Retrieved 2020-07-26.
22. Maina, Saruni (2018-08-21). "Safaricom Neon Kicka 4: Android Oreo (Go Edition), 3500/= Price tag and a Payment Plan". Techweez. Retrieved 2020-07-26.
23. White, Dominic (17 February 2007). "Investigation into Vodafone's mystery partner in Kenya". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
24. Vodafone (31 December 2009). "14. Investments in associated undertakings - Notes to the consolidated financial statements - Financials - Vodafone Annual Report 2009". London: Vodafone Plc. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
25. Nic Fildes, and John Aglionby (15 May 2017). "Vodafone transfers stake in Kenya operator Safaricom to Vodacom". Financial Times. London. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
26. Juma, Victor (1 June 2017). "Safaricom rallies to record Sh900 billion market value". Business Daily Africa. Nairobi. Retrieved 15 December 2017.