Sadakazu Tanigaki

Sadakazu Tanigaki (谷垣 禎一, Tanigaki Sadakazu, born 7 March 1945) is a Japanese politician who served as Minister of Finance from 2003 to 2006 in the cabinet of Jun'ichirō Koizumi. He also served as Minister of Construction and Transport in the cabinet of Yasuo Fukuda and served his ninth term as a member of the House of Representatives, representing Kyoto's Fifth District. He was elected as President of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) on 28 September 2009, following the party's massive defeat in the 2009 general election. He was replaced by Shinzō Abe on 26 September 2012. He was only the second LDP leader who was not simultaneously Prime Minister of Japan.

Sadakazu Tanigaki
谷垣 禎一
Secretary General of the Liberal Democratic Party
In office 3 September 2014 – 3 August 2016
Leader	Shinzō Abe
Preceded by	Shigeru Ishiba
Succeeded by	Toshihiro Nikai
Minister of Justice
In office 26 December 2012 – 3 September 2014
Prime Minister	Shinzō Abe
Preceded by	Makoto Taki
Succeeded by	Midori Matsushima
Leader of the Opposition
In office 28 September 2009 – 26 September 2012
Prime Minister	Yukio Hatoyama Naoto Kan Yoshihiko Noda
Preceded by	Yukio Hatoyama
Succeeded by	Shinzō Abe
President of the Liberal Democratic Party
In office 28 September 2009 – 26 September 2012
Deputy	Tadamori Oshima
Preceded by	Tarō Asō
Succeeded by	Shinzō Abe
Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
In office 2 August 2008 – 24 September 2008
Prime Minister	Yasuo Fukuda
Preceded by	Tetsuzo Fuyushiba
Succeeded by	Nariaki Nakayama
Minister of Finance
In office 22 September 2003 – 26 September 2006
Prime Minister	Junichiro Koizumi
Preceded by	Masajuro Shiokawa
Succeeded by	Kōji Omi
Personal details
Born	(1945-03-07) 7 March 1945 Fukuchiyama, Kyoto, Japan
Political party	Liberal Democratic
Alma mater	University of Tokyo
Website	Official website

Early life and education

Tanigaki was born in Fukuchiyama on 7 March 1945. He attended Azabu High School. He graduated from the faculty of law at the University of Tokyo in 1974, and worked as a secretary for his father, who was the then minister of education. He went on to pass the Japanese bar examination in 1979, specializing in tax law, and he registered as an attorney in 1982 after completing his legal training.[1]

Political career

Tanigaki was prepared for a legal career after close to ten years of study, but his father, who represented the 2nd district in Kyoto, died in 1983. He moved to Kyoto to run for his father's seat. He briefly headed the Science and Technology Agency in 1997. Under the then prime minister Koizumi, he served in a number of positions, including the Financial Reconstruction Commission, the National Public Safety Commission, and ultimately as Minister of Finance from 22 September 2003 to 26 September 2006. Since 2002, Tanigaki has led a minor faction in the Liberal Democratic Party, formerly part of the Kochikai faction, with 11 members in the lower house and 4 in the upper house.

Tanigaki declared his candidacy for the LDP presidency on July 28, 2006, but came in third place in a three-way race against Shinzō Abe and Tarō Asō. Tanigaki was viewed as the "moderate" candidate in the race, mainly due to his foreign policy views: unlike Abe and Asō, he stated that he would not continue visits to Yasukuni Shrine if he became prime minister, which made him a more attractive candidate among LDP leaders who sought better relations with China and Korea leader. Tanigaki is affiliated to the openly revisionist lobby Nippon Kaigi, which advocates visits of Prime Ministers to the controversial shrine.

On 24 September 2007, Tanigaki was named chief policymaker of the LDP by newly elected party president Yasuo Fukuda.[2] He was subsequently appointed as minister of construction and transport on 1 August 2008.[3]

Opposition leader (2009-2012)

On 28 September 2009, he was elected by his party as LDP leader to replace former prime minister Tarō Asō after the Democratic Party of Japan achieved a landslide election result in the 2009 general election and took government from the LDP.[4]

In the early period of the Democratic Party of Japan government, Tanigaki frequently condemned the DPJ for advocating for a rise in the sales taxes by 5 percent, in spite of the enormous, problematic national deficit,[5] and despite his own past calls to increase the tax.[6][7]

To gain a potential legislative LDP-coalition majority, he attempted an unsuccessful no-confidence motion against Naoto Kan in June 2011,[8] after refusing Kan's earlier offers of a grand coalition.[9]

In 2012, the LDP under Tanigaki worked with prime minister Yoshihiko Noda of the ruling DPJ to pass an increase in the consumption tax from the current 5% to 8% in April 2014 and 10% in October 2015.[10] He agreed not to introduce a no-confidence motion or a censure motion against Noda, in return for Noda's promise to hold elections "soon."[11] On 28 August 2012, soon after the consumption tax bills were passed through the diet a censure motion was passed by the LDP and the New Komeito Party against Prime Minister Noda. The opposition parties were to boycott debate in the chamber, meaning that any new bills passed in the DPJ-controlled House of Representatives cannot be enacted.[12]

Tanigaki had expected to be re-elected as LDP head unopposed in 2012, but former Prime Minister Shinzō Abe and several others suggested that they could run against him.[13] He lost the party election to Abe on 26 September 2012.[14] As a result, he became only the second LDP leader, after Yōhei Kōno (1993–1995), who never served as Prime Minister.

Injury and retirement

Tanigaki injured his spinal cord in a bicycle accident in July 2016, and remained hospitalized as of September 2017.[15] He stayed out of the public eye during his hospitalization, and was rumored to be planning a comeback to politics as of mid-2017,[16] but decided not to run in the 2017 general election due to his physical condition.[15] Details of his condition have not been made public, but Tanigaki made the announcement from a rehabilitation facility where he was photographed in a wheelchair.[17]

Honours

• Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (2019)

References

1. Japan Times, "Fukuda's new lineup", 3 August 2008.
2. "Fukuda appoints Ibuki as secretary-general, Tanigaki as policy chief", mdn.mainichi-msn.co.jp, 24 September 2007.
3. "Fukuda overhauls Cabinet/LDP executive shakeup also elevates Aso to party No. 2", yomiuri.co.jp, 2 August 2008.
4. Opposition LDP picks Tanigaki as new leader as it tackles renewal Kyodo News, 28 September 2009
5. "Tanigaki: DPJ ripped us off LDP chief accuses ruling party of stealing idea to double sales tax", japantimes.co.jp, 19 June 2010; retrieved 15 August 2012.
6. "Hiking consumption tax 'unavoidable', Tanigaki says", 14 October 2005; retrieved 15 August 2012.
7. "Tanigaki pitches 8% sales tax by '11", japantimes.co.jp, 4 August 2006; retrieved 15 August 2012.
8. BBC "Japan Prime Minister Naoto Kan survives challenge", bbc.co.uk, 2 June 2011; retrieved 15 August 2012.
9. "LDP resists 'grand coalition'/Party willing to help with disaster efforts--but not within Cabinet", yomiuri.co.jp, 21 March 2011; retrieved 15 August 2012.
10. Forbes magazine Japan Confronts Fiscal Reality: Consumption Tax Hike Agreed 9 June 2012 Retrieved on August 15, 2012
11. "Loophole Could Thwart Japan Sales-Tax Rise", wsj.com, 14 August 2012; retrieved 15 August 2012
12. "Japan's Prime Minister Hit With Censure Motion", wsj.com, 29 August 2012; retrieved 29 August 2012.
13. Profile, yomiuri.co.jp, 29 August 2012; retrieved 29 August 2012.
14. Asahi Shimbun "Former PM Abe returns to lead LDP, angers S. Koreans" Archived October 20, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, 26 September 2012; retrieved 26 September 2012.
15. "Ex-LDP leader Tanigaki won't seek re-election in Lower House poll owing to spinal cord injury". The Japan Times Online. September 21, 2017. ISSN 0447-5763. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
16. "Abe's Biggest Rival to Run Japan May Come From His Own Party". Bloomberg.com. August 15, 2017. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
17. "谷垣氏、車いす姿で写真に　1年3カ月ぶり「姿」". www.fnn-news.com (in Japanese). Archived from the original on October 18, 2017. Retrieved October 17, 2017.

House of Representatives of Japan
New constituency	Member of the House of Representatives for Kyoto 5th district 1996–present	Incumbent
Political offices
Preceded by Jin Murai	Chair of the National Public Safety Commission 2002–2003	Succeeded by Kiyoko Ono
New office	Minister of State for Food Safety 2002–2003
	Minister of State for Industrial Revitalisation 2002–2003	Succeeded by Kazuyoshi Kaneko
Preceded by Masajuro Shiokawa	Minister of Finance 2003–2006	Succeeded by Koji Omi
Preceded by Tetsuzo Fuyushiba	Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Japan 2008	Succeeded by Nariaki Nakayama
Preceded by Makoto Taki	Minister of Justice 2012–2014	Succeeded by Midori Matsushima
Party political offices
Preceded by Nobuteru Ishihara	Chairperson of the Policy Affairs Research Council of the Liberal Democratic Party 2007–2008	Succeeded by Kosuke Hori
Preceded by Tarō Asō	Leader of the Liberal Democratic Party 2009–2012	Succeeded by Shinzō Abe
Preceded by Shigeru Ishiba	Secretary-General of the Liberal Democratic Party 2014–2016	Succeeded by Toshihiro Nikai