SaGa

SaGa (サガ) is a series of science fantasy open world role-playing video games formerly developed by Square, and is currently owned by Square Enix. The series originated on the Game Boy in 1989 as the creation of Akitoshi Kawazu. It has since continued across multiple platforms, from the Super Nintendo Entertainment System to the PlayStation 2. The series is notable for its emphasis on open world exploration, non-linear branching plots, and occasionally unconventional gameplay. This distinguished the series from most of Square's titles. There are currently ten games in the SaGa series, along with several ports and enhanced remakes.

For the video game Makai Toushi Sa·Ga, see The Final Fantasy Legend.

SaGa
Recurring version of the SaGa logo
Genre(s)	Role-playing
Developer(s)	Square Square Enix
Publisher(s)	Square Square Enix
Creator(s)	Akitoshi Kawazu
Platform(s)	Game Boy, WonderSwan Color, mobile phones, Nintendo DS, Nintendo Switch, Super Nintendo, PlayStation, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita, Microsoft Windows, Xbox One
First release	The Final Fantasy Legend December 15, 1989
Latest release	Romancing SaGa 3 (remake) November 11, 2019

Development

Release timeline

1989	The Final Fantasy Legend
1990	Final Fantasy Legend II
1991	Final Fantasy Legend III
1992	Romancing SaGa
1993	Romancing SaGa 2
1994
1995	Romancing SaGa 3
1996
1997	SaGa Frontier
1998
1999	SaGa Frontier 2
2000
2001
2002	Unlimited Saga
2003
2004
2005	Romancing SaGa: Minstrel Song
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012	Emperors SaGa
2013
2014
2015	Imperial SaGa
2016	SaGa: Scarlet Grace
2017
2018	Romancing SaGa Re;univerSe
2019	Imperial SaGa Eclipse

The SaGa series was created by game designer Akitoshi Kawazu, whose credits prior to the franchise's introduction include Final Fantasy and Final Fantasy II. At a time when Nintendo's Game Boy was becoming popular worldwide due to the puzzle game Tetris, then-Square president Masashi Miyamoto requested that a development team create a game for the handheld console. Kawazu and fellow designer Koichi Ishii suggested that the company develop a role-playing video game, thus making Makai Tōshi Sa·Ga, later released in North America as The Final Fantasy Legend, the company's first handheld title.[1] The gameplay was designed to be difficult, described by Kawazu as the main difference between the SaGa and Final Fantasy series.[2] The character illustrations in all the games in the SaGa series were done by Tomomi Kobayashi,[3] who has also done the illustrations for the MMORPG Granado Espada.[4] Although the series has been long-running, as of 2008 none of the ten production teams at Square Enix is assigned to the franchise. Akitoshi Kawazu and Production Team 2 are devoted to the Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles series.[5]

Common elements

The SaGa series emphasizes nonlinear gameplay and open world exploration, with its open-ended branching plot and free style of character development separating it from the more linear Final Fantasy series, which was ahead of its time [6] Like the Final Fantasy series, however, the story in each SaGa share little to no continuity to one another.

The SaGa series is also considered a successor to Final Fantasy II, which introduced a more open-ended activity-based progression system that was abandoned by later Final Fantasy games but embraced by Makaitoushi SaGa (Final Fantasy Legend), which expanded it with weapons that shatter with repeated use and added new ideas such as a race of monsters that mutate depending on which fallen foes they consume.[7]

The early games in the series also feature some common gameplay elements and themes first established in Final Fantasy, such as random enemy encounters, but most of these disappear with the Romancing SaGa games, providing a unique gameplay experience. It also features a similar turn-based battle system, where a character's prowess is driven by numerical values called "statistics" which, in turn, increase with combat experience. Given the open-ended aspect of gameplay and the ability to play through multiple character scenarios, heavy emphasis is placed upon the replay value of SaGa games.

Since the original Makaitoushi SaGa, much of the series has relied on loosely connected stories and sidequests rather than an epic narrative. Makaitoushi SaGa allowed players to travel through different worlds. Romancing SaGa expanded the open-endedness by offering many choices and allowing players to complete quests in any order, with the decision of whether or not to participate in any particular quest affecting the outcome of the storyline. The game also allowed players to choose from eight different characters, each with their own stories that start in different places and offer different outcomes.[6] Romancing SaGa thus succeeded in providing a very different experience during each run through the game, something that later non-linear RPGs such as SaGa Frontier and Fable had promised but were unable to live up to.[8] It also introduced a combo system where up to five party members can perform a combined special attack,[8] and required characters to pay mentors to teach them abilities, whether it is using certain weapons or certain proficiencies like opening a chest or dismantling a trap.[6]

While in the original Romancing SaGa, scenarios were changed according to dialogue choices during conversations, Romancing SaGa 2 further expanded the open-endedness by having unique storylines for each character that can change depending on the player's actions, including who is chosen, what is said in conversation, what events have occurred, and who is present in the party.[9] Romancing SaGa 3 featured a storyline that could be told differently from the perspectives of up to eight different characters and introduced a level-scaling system where the enemies get stronger as the characters do,[10] a mechanic that was later used in Final Fantasy VIII,[11] The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion, Silverfall,[12] Dragon Age: Origins,[13] Fallout 3, and The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim.[14] SaGa Frontier further expanded on the non-linear gameplay of its Romancing SaGa predecessors, with a setting that spans multiple planets and an overarching plot that becomes apparent after playing through each of the different characters' quests that tie together at certain places.[15]

Games

Title	Release Date	Platform	Notes
The Final Fantasy Legend Released in Japan as Makai Tōshi Sa·Ga	JP: December 15, 1989 NA: September 30, 1990 JP: March 20, 2002 (WonderSwan Color)	Game Boy, WonderSwan Color, mobile phones	The first RPG on a handheld video game console, and the first handheld game with a battery save feature.[16] The game introduced new systems of developing characters. The game released in North America less than a year later as The Final Fantasy Legend to boost sales on the strength of Final Fantasy's name, something also done with the Mana series.[17] An enhanced remake of the game released exclusively in Japan in 2002 for the WonderSwan Color and 2007 for mobile phones, sporting more advanced graphics than displayed by the Game Boy's four-color set.
Final Fantasy Legend II Released in Japan as Sa·Ga 2: Hihō Densetsu	JP: December 14, 1990 NA: November 1, 1991 JP: September 17, 2009 (Nintendo DS)	Game Boy, Nintendo DS	The game retained the same character classes used in its predecessor, but introduced a fifth ally that often helps the player's party in combat. The game's story is more developed than the first SaGa game, with a journey that spans across more than a dozen worlds. GameSpot's "History of Console RPGs" touts Final Fantasy Legend II as the best of the Game Boy SaGa games, calling it a "portable gaming classic".[18] An enhanced remake of the game was released in Japan in 2009 for the Nintendo DS.[19]
Final Fantasy Legend III Released in Japan as Sa·Ga 3: Jikū no Hasha	JP: December 13, 1991 NA: September 29, 1993 JP: January 6, 2011 (Nintendo DS)	Game Boy, Nintendo DS	The game eliminated the non-level based individualized growth system of the previous two installments; instead the title introduced "experience points" and across-the-board stat leveling in the style of Final Fantasy, introducing two human and two mutant characters with predetermined backgrounds. An enhanced remake of the game was released in Japan on January in 2011 for the Nintendo DS.[20]
Romancing SaGa Re-released as Romancing SaGa: Minstrel Song in Japan	JP: January 28, 1992 (Super Famicom) JP: December 20, 2001 (WonderSwan Color) JP: April 21, 2005 NA: October 11, 2005	Super Famicom, WonderSwan Color, PlayStation 2, mobile phones	The first of three Japan-exclusive Super Famicom titles, this game allows players to choose from one of eight character scenarios to follow. The game was ported to the WonderSwan Color in 2001. An enhanced remake of the game was released in 2005 for the PlayStation 2, which was released outside Japan. The game bears the title Romancing SaGa: Minstrel Song in Japan, but was released as simply Romancing SaGa in North America. A mobile phone version was announced for release in 2009.[21]
Romancing SaGa 2	JP: December 10, 1993 (Super Famicom) WW: May 26, 2016 (iOS / Android) WW: December 15, 2017 (Windows, Switch, PS4, PS Vita, Xbox One)	Super Famicom, PlayStation Vita, iOS, Android, Microsoft Windows, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Xbox One	The second installment of the Romancing SaGa series and the fifth in the SaGa series in general, places a greater emphasis on storyline than its predecessors. The game's story plays out across generations, so players cannot keep one party of warriors throughout the game.
Romancing SaGa 3	JP: November 11, 1995 (Super Famicom) JP: November 11, 2019 (Android, iOS, Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita, Nintendo Switch, Xbox One)	Super Famicom, Android, iOS, Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita, Nintendo Switch, Xbox One	The third Romancing SaGa game features a battle system similar to that of Final Fantasy II and the first two SaGa games, where character development is determined by the player's commands in battle. If the player commands a character to cast magic spells frequently, for example, then that character will grow in magical power.
SaGa Frontier	JP: July 11, 1997 NA: March 24, 1998	PlayStation	This installment was both the first SaGa game to be released in North America since Final Fantasy Legend III in 1993 and the first of the series to be released in North America as a SaGa game. Similar in style to the earlier games in the series, SaGa Frontier allows players to choose from multiple characters, each with his or her own unique storyline and scenario.
SaGa Frontier 2	JP: April 1, 1999 NA: January 31, 2000 PAL: March 22, 2000	PlayStation	The game was the first SaGa title to reach PAL territories and was one of Square's last RPGs produced for the PlayStation. The game shunned 3D graphics in favor of traditional 2D hand-painted watercolor sprites. The game featured two separate storylines spanning across three generations.
Unlimited Saga	JP: December 19, 2002 NA: June 17, 2003 PAL: October 31, 2003	PlayStation 2	The game features a combination of 2D and 3D graphics known as "Sketch Motion" and a complicated battle mechanic called the "Reel System". It greatly resembles a board game. It was praised highly in Japan, but garnered heavy criticism elsewhere.
Romancing SaGa: Minstrel Song	JP: April 21, 2005 NA: October 11, 2005	PlayStation 2	This is a remake of the original Romancing SaGa. The game bears the title Romancing SaGa: Minstrel Song in Japan, but was released as simply Romancing SaGa in North America.
Emperors SaGa	JP: September 18, 2012	GREE	Announced in September 2011, the game features a combat system utilizing digital playing cards.[22][23] As of April 2017, the game is no longer available.[24]
Imperial SaGa	JP: June 18, 2015[25]	PC	Announced in December 2014 for release in 2015.[26] The game is played in the user's internet browser and is single player, but features a new story within the SaGa setting.[27]
SaGa: Scarlet Grace	JP: December 15, 2016 (PlayStation Vita) JP: August 2, 2018 (Android, iOS, Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch) {{NA August 1,2018 (According to Steam with :Ambitions as a Suffix) Microsoft Windows	PlayStation Vita, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Microsoft Windows, Android, iOS	Announced in December 2014, this title was released in 2016 - and is the first new entry in the franchise in over a decade.[26][28]
Romancing SaGa Re;universe	JP: December 6, 2018 WW: TBD (2020)	Android, iOS	Smartphone title released in 2018 in Japan and expected to be released in the rest of the world in 2020. It features a new story set 300 years after Romancing SaGa 3, characters from previous games and some of the characteristic elements from the series. As of November 2019, the game has been downloaded more than 15 millions times.[29]
Imperial SaGa Eclipse	JP: October 31, 2019	PC	Sequel to Imperial SaGa. Playable on PC and smartphone Internet browsers.[30]

Music

Main article: Music of the SaGa series

Music in the SaGa series have been composed by a number of people, the most prominent of which is Kenji Ito, who also composed some soundtracks for the Mana series. Nobuo Uematsu, responsible for a large portion of the music of the Final Fantasy series, solely composed The Final Fantasy Legend and co-composed Final Fantasy Legend II with Ito. Ryuji Sasai and Chihiro Fujioka worked on Final Fantasy Legend III together. SaGa Frontier 2 and Unlimited Saga are credited to Masashi Hamauzu.

Reception

Review scores and sales

Game	Units sold (millions)	Famitsu score	GameRankings score
The Final Fantasy Legend	1.3[31]	35/40[32]	51% (4 reviews)[33]
Final Fantasy Legend II	—	33/40[34]	90% (2 reviews)[35]
Final Fantasy Legend III	—	29/40[36]	75% (3 reviews)[37]
Romancing SaGa	1.32[31]	31/40[38]	—
Romancing SaGa 2	1.5[31]	26/40[39]	—
Romancing SaGa 3	1.3[40]	34/40[41]	—
SaGa Frontier	1.1[31]	31/40[42]	71% (11 reviews)[43]
SaGa Frontier 2	0.67[44]	35/40[45]	74% (27 reviews)[46]
Unlimited Saga	0.43[47]	31/40[48]	52% (43 reviews)[49]
Romancing SaGa: Minstrel Song	0.45[47]	32/40[50]	63% (30 reviews)[51]

Games in the SaGa series have been popular in Japan, with many of them selling over 1 million units. As of March 2011, the series has sold over 9.9 million units.[52] In 2006, Famitsu readers voted Romancing SaGa as the 53rd best game of all time, and SaGa 2 as the 94th best game of all time.[53] Games in the series also received generally positive reviews from Japanese publications such as Famitsu and Dengeki.

However, the series has remained decidedly less popular in North America, many of the games receiving mixed reviews from printed and online publications. It has been suggested that this is due to the series' seemingly experimental gameplay and allowing the player to freely roam with little direction or narrative, atypical of what many North American gamers usually expect from Japanese role-playing games.[54] In their September 2004 "Overrated/Underrated" article, Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine cited the SaGa series as one ruined in the transition to the PlayStation 2, citing primarily Unlimited SaGa.[55]

See also

• The Legend of Legacy - a spiritual sequel made by some of the past SaGa staff.
  • The Alliance Alive - a second game made by some of the past SaGa staff.
• List of Square Enix video game franchises
• List of Japanese role-playing game franchises

References

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External links

• Official website
• SaGa 20th Anniversary website (in Japanese)
• The SaGa Universe at MobyGames