SS Pendleton

SS Pendleton was a Type T2-SE-A1 tanker built in 1944 in Portland, Oregon, United States, for the War Shipping Administration. She was sold in 1948 to National Bulk Carriers, serving until February 1952 when she broke in two in a storm. The T2 tanker ships were prone to splitting in two in cold weather. The ship's sinking and crew rescue (along with break-up and rescue of its sister ship Fort Mercer) is the topic of the 2009 book The Finest Hours: The True Story Behind the US Coast Guard's Most Daring Rescue, by Michael J. Tougias. Tougias' book inspired the 2016 Disney-produced film The Finest Hours with Chris Pine, which focuses on the Pendleton rescue.

Bow section of Pendleton aground near Pollock Rip Lightship
History
Name: Pendleton
Owner:
  • War Shipping Administration (1944–48)
  • National Bulk Carriers (1948–52)
Operator:
  • United States Marine Corps (1944–48)
  • National Bulk Carriers (1948–52)
Port of registry: Portland, Oregon, United States
Builder: Kaiser shipyards, Portland, Oregon
Yard number: 49
Launched: January 21, 1944
Completed: February 1944
Out of service: February 18, 1952
Identification:
  • United States Official Number 245152
  • Code Letters KWAA
Fate: Broke in two, subsequently scrapped
General characteristics
Type: Type T2-SE-A1 tanker
Tonnage:
Length: 504 feet 0 inches (153.62 m)
Beam: 68 feet 2 inches (20.78 m)
Depth: 39 feet 2 inches (11.94 m)
Installed power: 6,000 hp Steam turbine
Propulsion: Single-screw propeller
Speed: 16 knots (30 km/h)
Crew: 41

Description

The ship was built as yard number 49 by Kaiser Shipyards, Swan Island Yard, Portland, Oregon.[1] Measured at 10,448 GRT, 6,801 NRT,[2] 16,643 DWT,[1] she was 504 feet 0 inches (153.62 m) long, with a beam of 68 feet 2 inches (20.78 m) and a depth of 39 feet 2 inches (11.94 m). Her propulsion was "turbo-electric" (a steam turbine driving a generator that produced electricity to power a motor that drove the propeller shaft). The turbine was manufactured by General Electric of Worcester, Massachusetts.[2] It could propel her at a speed of 16 knots (30 km/h).[1]

History

Pendleton was launched on January 21, 1944 and completed in February. She was built for the United States Maritime Commission.[1] She was owned by the War Shipping Administration. Her port of registry was Portland, Oregon. The United States Official Number 245142 and Code Letters KWAA were allocated.[2] During World War II, Pendleton was a member of convoy ON 249, which departed from Liverpool, Lancashire, United Kingdom on August 18, 1944 and arrived at New York on September 2.[3]

Pendleton was transferred to National Bulk Carriers of Wilmington, Delaware in 1948.[1] In July 1951, Pendleton ran aground in the Hudson River, New York. She was refloated the next day. The damaged part of the hull would later play a key role in the sinking.[4]

Loss
Coast Guard Motor Lifeboat CG 36500 now a museum boat
Further information: History of the United States Coast Guard § Pendleton rescue

On February 18, 1952, while en route from New Orleans to Boston, Pendleton broke in two in a gale south of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.[1] A United States Coast Guard Consolidated PBY Catalina aircraft was diverted from searching for another T2 tanker, Fort Mercer, to search for Pendleton, and located both sections. At this point, the Coast Guard realized that they were dealing with two ships that had broken in two. The Coast Guard motor lifeboat CG 36500 captained by Boatswain's Mate, First Class Bernard Webber was dispatched by commanding officer Daniel Webster Cluff from the USCG station at Chatham, Massachusetts.

CG 36500 was pounded by waves going over the sandbar out of the harbor, damaging the boat and leaving it without a compass. The crew pressed on and managed to find the stern section of Pendleton anyway, going on to perform a daring rescue of her crew. Webber carefully maneuvered CG 36500 underneath the listing hull and motored the Coast Guard boat back and forth with the waves while Pendleton's crew lowered themselves down the side with a Jacob's ladder. The crew, timing their descent against the rise and fall of the ocean, jumped from the swaying ladder onto the moving deck of CG 36500 while Webber carefully kept his boat under the ladder but clear of the towering metal wall of the broken-up Pendleton.

Nine of Pendleton's 41 crew were lost: eight (including Captain John Fitzgerald) who were on the bow section (which hadn't been part of the rescue), and the ship's cook from the stern section,[4] who had selflessly assisted the rest of the crew off the vessel before himself. He was lost when, as strong gale force winds began to force the ship off a sand bar (where she had temporarily grounded), he jumped from the Jacob's ladder, fell into the ocean, and was struck by Pendleton as it was hit by a wave, killing him instantly. One week later, after its grounding, Pendleton's bow was boarded. Of the eight victims stranded on this section, only one frozen body was recovered.

With the survivors on board CG 36500, a row developed over how they should be dealt with. Webber eventually decided against attempting to locate and transfer them to USCGC McCulloch, heading for the shore instead. The survivors were safely landed at Chatham.[5]

The rescue of the survivors of the shipwrecked Pendleton is considered one of the most daring rescues of the United States Coast Guard.[6] All four crew of CG-36500 were awarded the Coast Guard's Gold Lifesaving Medal (rather than just the coxswain, the typical treatment).[4] At the time of her loss, Pendleton was insured for $1,690,000.[7]

The stern ultimately grounded off Monomoy Island, south of Chatham, at coordinates 41°35′10″N 69°57′45″W, where it now lies underwater,[8] and the bow grounded on Pollock Rip Shoal.[9] The bow section was sold in 1953 to North American Smelting Co. for recycling at Bordentown, New Jersey.[10] However, it was stranded on June 4, 1953 in the Delaware River and dismantled there circa 1978 by the United States Army Corps of Engineers.[1]

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References
  1. Visser, Auke. "Pendleton". Auke Visser's Famous T – Tankers Pages. Auke Visser. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
  2. Lloyd's of London (1945). "Lloyd's Register Steamers and Motorships" (PDF). Plimsoll Ship Data. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
  3. "Convoy ON.249". Convoyweb. Retrieved October 1, 2014.
  4. Visser, Auke. "Pendleton Wreck". Auke Visser's Famous T – Tankers Pages. Auke Visser. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
  5. Webster, W. Russell (December 2001). "The Pendleton Rescue". United States Coast Guard. Retrieved October 1, 2014.
  6. "Pendleton Rescue". United States Coast Guard. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
  7. "American Shipping Casualties". The Times (52240). February 20, 1952. p. 9.
  8. "Pendleton". MWDC. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
  9. czm. "Pendleton". Energy and Environmental Affairs. Retrieved January 4, 2016.
  10. "Pendleton". Retrieved January 4, 2016.

Further reading

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