Robert Hartmann (naturalist)

Karl Eduard Robert Hartmann (October 8, 1832 – 1893) was a German naturalist, anatomist and ethnographer.

Robert Hartmann (ca. 1872)

Career

A native of Blankenburg am Harz, Hartmann studied medicine and sciences in Berlin, and in 1865 was an instructor of comparative zoology and physiology at the agricultural academy in Proskau. In 1873 he became a professor of anatomy at the University of Berlin. During his career, he performed ethnographical and geographical research in Africa, and conducted studies on the anatomy of marine species while working in Sweden and Italy.

In 1859-60 he accompanied Adalbert von Barnim (1841-1860), the son of Adalbert of Prussia (1811-1873), on a mission to northeastern Africa (Egypt, Sudan and Nubia). Here he performed ethnographical, zoological and geographical studies in the region. On the journey, Adalbert von Barnim became ill and died on June 12, 1860 at Roseires in the Sudan.[1] Hartmann wrote about his experiences regarding the expedition in a book titled Reisen des Freihern von Barnim durch Nordostafrika in den Jahren 1859 und 1860 (1863).

In 1869, with Adolf Bastian (1826-1905), he founded the Zeitschrift für Ethnologie (Journal of Ethnology). He served as secretary of the Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte (Berlin Society for Anthropology, Ethnology and Prehistory) and was general secretary of the Anthropologischen Gesellschaft (Anthropological Society). He penned a number of articles on Africa, as well as a book on anthropoid apes, a treatise in which he describes the behaviour of non-human apes and suggests that humans and non-human apes have an evolutionary common ancestor.[2]

Selected publications
  • Naturgeschichtlich-medizinische skizze der Nilländer (Berlin 1865-66)
  • Die Nigritier (Berlin. 1876, Bd. 1)
  • Die Völker Afrikas (Leipzig 1880); (The peoples of Africa) (1880)
  • Handbuch der Anatomie des Menschen (Handbook of human anatomy) (1881)
  • Der Gorilla (Leipzig 1881)
  • Die menschenähnlichen Affen (Anthropoid apes) (Leipzig 1883)
  • Abessinien und die Nilländer (Abyssinia and The Nile Valley) (1883)
  • Madagaskar und die Inseln Seychellen, Aldabra, Komoren und Maskarenen (Madagascar and the Islands of the Seychelles, Aldabra, Comoros and Mascarenes) (Leipzig 1886).
gollark: And is a separate independent entity which can exist without them (well, not without the mother, but when it's born).
gollark: I don't think the body thing makes much sense anyway, inasmuch as the genetic material in the fetus doesn't actually match exactly what either parent has but is some mixed-up combination of them.
gollark: That's a legal/ethical distinction rather than a scientific one.
gollark: It is the case that I contain genetic material from my parents. It doesn't have to be the case that, because of that, I'm considered part of their body or something.
gollark: Again, if you're going to be consistent about this, then children are half of their parents, which sounds unreasonable.

References
  • This article is based on a translation of an equivalent article at the German Wikipedia.
  1. translated biography @ Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, Barnim, Adalbert Freiherr von
  2. Anthropoid Apes by Robert Hartmann, pp. 305-306
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