Rinchinbal Khan

Rinchinbal (Mongolian: Ринчинбал, romanized: Rinčinbal; Middle Mongolian: ᠷᠢᠨᠴᠢᠨᠪᠠᠯ, Rinčinbal; from Tibetan རིན་ཆེན་དཔལ་rin chen dpal), also known by the temple name Ningzong (Emperor Ningzong of Yuan, Chinese: 元寧宗, May 1, 1326 – December 14, 1332), was a son of Kuśala who was briefly installed to the throne of the Yuan dynasty, but died soon after he seized the throne. Apart from Emperor of China, he is also considered as the 14th Great Khan of the Mongol Empire or Mongols, although it was only nominal due to the division of the empire.

Rinchinbal
Emperor Ningzong of Yuan
元寧宗
14th Khagan of the Mongol Empire
(Nominal due to the empire's division)
Emperor of China
(10th Emperor of the Yuan dynasty)
Portrait of Rinchinbal Khan, Emperor Ningzong of Yuan
Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
ReignOctober 23, 1332 – December 14, 1332
CoronationOctober 23, 1332
PredecessorJayaatu Khan Tugh Temür
SuccessorUkhaghatu Khan Toghon Temür
BornMay 1, 1326
DiedDecember 14, 1332(1332-12-14) (aged 6)
Dadu
ConsortDaliyetemishi
Full name
Mongolian: ᠷᠢᠨᠴᠢᠨᠪᠠᠯ
Chinese: 懿璘质班
Rinchinbal
Era dates
Zhishun (至順) 1332
Posthumous name
Emperor Chongsheng Si Xiao (冲聖嗣孝皇帝)
Temple name
Ningzong (寧宗)
HouseBorjigin
DynastyYuan dynasty
FatherKusala
MotherBabusha of the Naiman

Biography

He was the second son of Kuśala (Emperor Mingzong) and a younger brother of Toghun Temür (Emperor Huizong). He was mothered by Babusha of the Naiman tribe when his father lived in exile in Central Asia under the Chagatai Khanate.

When his father Kuśala died and was succeeded by his younger brother Tugh Temür (who is thought to have poisoned Kuśala), Rinchinbal was appointed to Prince of Fu. Tugh Temur made his son Aratnadara heir apparent in January 1331.[1] In order to secure her son's throne, Tugh Temur's Khatun Budashiri executed Rinchinbal's mother, Babusha, and exiled Toghan Temur to Korea.[2] These proved unnecessary, however, Aratnadara died one month after his designation as heir.[3]

Rinchinbal's consort and mother.

Although Tugh Temür had a son named El Tegüs when he died in 1332, it is said that on his deathbed the Khagan expressed remorse for what he had done to his elder brother and his intention to pass the throne to Toghan Temur, Kusala's eldest son, instead of his own son. The grand councilor El Temür resisted letting Kuśala's eldest son Toghun Temür accede to the throne since he was suspected of having poisoned his father Kuśala. When Tugh Temur's widow and El Tegüs's mother Budashiri Khatun respected Tugh Temür's will of making Kuśala's son succeed the throne, the 6 year old Rinchinbal was chosen. While Toghun Temür was kept far away from the capital Dadu, Rinchinbal was in Dadu and had become favored by Tugh Temür. Rinchinbal was enthroned as the new emperor on October 23, 1332, but he died on December 14.[3]

El Temür again asked Budashiri to install El Tegüs but it was declined again. He had no choice but to invite Toghun Temür back from far-away Guangxi[4] in southwest China.

Ancestry
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See also

References
  1. Yuan shi, 34. p. 754.
  2. Yuan shi, 34. p. 774.
  3. Herbert Franke, Denis Twitchett, John King Fairbank-The Cambridge History of China: Alien regimes and border states, 907–1368, p. 557.
  4. Jeremiah Curtin-The Mongols: A history, p. 392.
Rinchinbal Khan
Born: 1326 Died: 1332
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Jayaatu Khan, Emperor Wenzong		 Great Khan of the Mongol Empire
(Nominal due to the empire's division)
1332		 Succeeded by
Ukhaatu Khan, Emperor Huizong
Emperor of the Yuan dynasty
1332
Emperor of China
1332
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