Richard Lyon-Dalberg-Acton, 2nd Baron Acton

Richard Maximilian Lyon-Dalberg-Acton, 2nd Baron Acton, KCVO, JP, DL (7 August 1870 – 16 June 1924) was a British peer and diplomat, ultimately Britain's first Ambassador to Finland in 1919–20.

The Right Honourable

The Lord Acton

KCVO JP DL
Richard, Lord Acton, in 1922
United Kingdom Ambassador to Finland
In office
1919–1920
Prime MinisterDavid Lloyd George
Preceded byColeridge Kennard
Succeeded byGeorge Jardine Kidston
Personal details
Born
Richard Maximilian Dalberg-Acton

7 August 1870
Bavaria, German Empire
Died16 June 1924(1924-06-16) (aged 53)
Knightsbridge, London, England[1]
Political partyLiberal
Spouse(s)Dorothy Lyon (1904–1923)
OccupationDiplomat, politician

Early life

The scion of an ancient and distinguished Shropshire family,[1] Dalberg-Acton was born in Bavaria, in the then German Empire. He was the first and only surviving son of The 1st Baron Acton, a historian and politician, and his German wife, Marie Anna Ludomilla Euphrosina Gräfin von Arco auf Valley. He completed his education in England at Magdalen College, Oxford.[2]

Diplomatic career

Dalberg-Acton entered the British Foreign Office in 1894. He began a career in Europe as Third Secretary in the Diplomatic Service at the British Embassy in Berlin in 1896. He was promoted Second Secretary in 1900 and served in the Berlin embassy until 1902, also the year he succeeded to his father's peerage.[2]

The 2nd Lord Acton then served as Second Secretary at successive embassies, in Vienna from August 1902;[3] then Berne, Switzerland; Madrid in 1906–07, and The Hague.

In 1911 he was promoted First Secretary, in which grade he was charge d'affaires at Darmstadt and Karlsruhe in Germany until the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. He served again in Switzerland as Counsellor of Embassy at Berne in 1915–16, and became Consul-General in Zürich in 1917. In 1919 he became the first British Ambassador in recently independent Finland at Helsinki, then retired from the Foreign Office in 1920.[2]

Government posts

Alongside his diplomatic career, Lord Acton, a Liberal peer, was a Lord-in-waiting, from 1905 to 1915, to Kings Edward VII and George V under the Liberal administrations of Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman and H. H. Asquith.[2]

Family

The fourth generation of his family to have been born abroad, he was, despite his paternal English roots and service to the British government, not formally a British subject until he was naturalised by Act of Parliament in 1911.[4]

In 1919, he assumed by Royal Licence the additional surname of Lyon.[4]

He married Dorothy Lyon, daughter of Thomas Henry Lyon, of Appleton Hall on 7 June 1904. The couple had nine children:

  • Hon. Marie Immaculée Antoinette Lyon-Dalberg-Acton (1905–1994) married John Douglas Woodruff.
  • Hon. Dorothy Elizabeth Anne Pelline Lyon-Dalberg-Acton (1906–1998) married Joseph Edward Eyre and had issue.
  • John Emerich Henry Lyon-Dalberg-Acton, 3rd Baron Acton (1907–1989)
  • Hon. Richard William Heribert Peter Lyon-Dalberg-Acton MBE (1909–1946) married Jill Ehlert; killed with wife in air cash in Gambia
  • Hon. Helen Mary Grace Lyon-Dalberg-Acton (1910–2001) married Prince Guglielmo Rospigliosi and had issue.
  • Hon. Gabrielle Marie Leopoldine Lyon-Dalberg-Acton (1912–1930)
  • Hon. Joan Henrica Josepha Mary Clare Lyon-Dalberg-Acton (1915–1995)
  • Hon. Margaret Mary Teresa Lyon-Dalberg-Acton (1919–1997)
  • Hon. Ædgyth Bertha Milburg Mary Antonia Frances Lyon-Dalberg-Acton OBE (1920–1995) married John Alexander Callinicos and had issue; her son Alex Callinicos is a Marxist political theorist and activist.

Lady Acton died in 1923 and Lord Acton died the following year, leaving nine children between 18 and 3 years of age.[1][5]

Honours

Acton was appointed to the Royal Victorian Order as a Member (fourth class) in 1901.[6] He was promoted to be a Knight Commander of the same order in the 1916 New Year Honours.[7]

He was also invested with the 1st class Order of the Crown of Prussia, as a Grand Officer of the French Legion of Honour, a Grand Cross of the Danish Order of the Dannebrog,[8] and the Serbian Royal Red Cross.[4]

gollark: RAM!
gollark: Yes.
gollark: @@@@@@<@236831708354314240><@&453380648611348500>@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@<@!330678593904443393>@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@''''
gollark: Okay, I managed to compress the WHYJIT compiler into a single discord message.
gollark: ```pythonimport argparse,subprocess,random,stringparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Compile a WHY program using WHYJIT.")parser.add_argument("input",help="File containing WHY source code")parser.add_argument("-o","--output",help="Filename of the output executable to make",default="./a.why")parser.add_argument("-O","--optimize",help="Optimization level",type=int,default="0")#parser.add_argument("-d","--drawkcab",help=".sdrawkcab elif ecruos YHW eht ssecorP")args = parser.parse_args()def randomword(length): letters = string.ascii_lowercase return ''.join(random.choice(letters) for i in range(length))def which(program): proc = subprocess.run(["which",program],stdout=subprocess.PIPE) if proc.returncode == 0: return proc.stdout.replace(b"\n",b"") else: return Nonedef find_C_compiler(): compilers = ["gcc","clang","tcc","cc"] for compiler in compilers: path = which(compiler) if path != None: return pathdef build_output(code,max): #if args.drawkcab: code = code[::-1] C_code = f"""#define QUITELONG long long intconst QUITELONG max = {max};int main() {{ volatile QUITELONG i = 0; // disable some "optimizations" that RUIN OUR BEAUTIFUL CODE! while (i < max) {{ i++; }} {code}}} """ heredoc = randomword(100) devnull = "2>/dev/null" shell_script = f"""#!/bin/shTMP1=/tmp/ignore-meTMP2=/tmp/ignore-me-tooTMP3=/tmp/dont-look-here cat << {heredoc} > $TMP1{C_code}{heredoc}sed -e '1,/^exit \$?$/d' "$0" > $TMP3chmod +x $TMP3$TMP3 -x c -o $TMP2 $TMP1chmod +x $TMP2$TMP2exit $?""".encode("utf-8") with open(find_C_compiler(),"rb") as f: return shell_script + f.read()with open(args.input,"r") as f: contents = f.read() looplen = max(1000,(2 ** -args.optimize) * 1000000000) code = build_output( contents, looplen ) with open(args.output,"wb") as out: out.write(code)```

References
  1. "Obituary: Lord Acton". The Times. The Times Digital Archive. 17 June 1924. p. 18.
  2. Who Was Who, 1916–1928. C and A Black. 1947. p. 5.
  3. "Court Circular". The Times (36857). London. 27 August 1902. p. 7.
  4. Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage, 1925. Burke's Peerage Ltd. p. 72.
  5. "Obituary: Lady Acton". The Times. The Times Digital Archive. 20 March 1923. p. 17.
  6. "No. 11284". The Edinburgh Gazette. 12 March 1901. p. 293.
  7. "No. 12889". The Edinburgh Gazette. 1 January 1916. p. 6.
  8. Kelly's Handbook of the Titled, Official and Landed Classes. Kelly's. pp. 69–70.
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by
Coleridge Kennard
as Chargé d'Affaires		 British Ambassador to Finland
1919–1920		 Succeeded by
George Jardine Kidston
Peerage of the United Kingdom
Preceded by
John Dalberg-Acton		 Baron Acton
1902–1924		 Succeeded by
John Lyon-Dalberg-Acton
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