Richard E. Berendzen

Richard Earl Berendzen (born September 6, 1938) is an American scientist. As president of American University in the 1980s, Berendzen drastically raised the prestige of the university through a relentless public campaign. Before he was forced to resign in disgrace in the 1990s, American University saw a fourfold increase in its endowment and the Board of Trustees became the wealthiest in the nation. Berendzen served another thirteen years as professor of astronomy at AU before retiring from academia completely in 2006.

Richard Berendzen
Born
Richard Earl Berendzen

(1938-09-06) September 6, 1938
Walters, Oklahoma, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
Alma materMIT, Harvard
Spouse(s)
Barbara Edwards
(
div. 1960)

Gail Edgar
(
m. 1964)
Children2
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions
Doctoral advisorWilliam Liller

Early years

Berendzen was born in Walters, Oklahoma on September 6, 1938.

When he was 4 years old, his mother, June, made the decision to move the family to Portland, Oregon. Shortly after arriving, he was struck with rheumatic fever and asthma. As a result, Brendzen was mostly confined to his room with temperatures between 100 and 103 degrees. During this time period, he wrote sometime later, his mother was his primary companion and caregiver. Those days were spent listening to the radio, watching the neighborhood kids play in the front yard from the living room couch, or listening to his mother's stories.[1][2][3]

When it became clear at the age of seven that Berendzen was not going to get any better, a pediatrician suggested that his parents take the boy to a warmer, dryer climate. Following this advice, June and Earl Berendzen moved with their son to Dallas, Texas where Earl got a job managing his parent's hardware store.[2]

In the new climate Berendzen's health improved markedly, so much so that he was finally able to leave his room and begin living a normal life.[2] In Dallas he found the stars. That first summer he would lie on his back at night and stare up at the sky wondering if the Universe had a boundary? Were there other intelligent beings in the galaxy? When asked neither of his parents had any answers.[4]

That first year in school marked the start of something darker in Berendzen's life. For as long as he knew her, Berendzen's mother had been struggling with psychological illness. "She was wildly unpredictable. Labels like manic, paranoid, delusional and psychotic came years later. Sometimes she would be furious for no apparent reason; then, in a snap, she could suddenly become incredibly loving, supportive and fun.”[5] Because of her unpredictable mood swings, his parents fought constantly. The more they fought, the more his father Earl withdrew from the family, leaving Richard completely in his mother's control. As the family looked at the prospect of their son spending more time away from the household, June responded by exerting even more influence. She began drilling him on proper etiquette and dictating everything her son ate and wore in an attempt to mold him into the person she thought he should be. [5][2]

The control culminated, according to Berendzen in his book Come Here, with June Berendzen sexually abusing her son for the first time at the beginning of his grade school career. The bouts of unexplained mania and anger in the midst of four years of sexual abuse that inexplicably ended as quickly as it started left the boy reeling.[6] Outwardly Berendzen had been a "walking false advertisement for the family's normalcy," but inside he was in turmoil. To get away from questions he had no answers to he made the decision to "work terribly hard," because "if you work very hard, somehow you don't remember." [2][6]

Before Berendzen entered high school, his increasingly unstable mother was committed to a psychiatric institution. Even after treatment she remained obsessed with her son following him to Boston, Massachusetts and Washington D.C. in later years of his life.[7]

Education

When Berendzen entered school in the second grade, he felt like he was far behind the rest of his peers. To catch up, Berendzen resolved to work as hard as he could. Not only did he meet the rest of his class academically, he went on to getting A's and Honors throughout his time in grade school. This intensive work ethic translated into a scholarship to Southern Methodist University (SMU). Berendzen had met and fallen in love with Barbara Edwards in their time together at Woodrow Wilson High School in Dallas. Barbara became pregnant with their first child and the two married just after graduation.[2]

The SMU interviewer asked Berendzen what he wanted to major in. Berendzen responded by asking him what the hardest subject was. Thus Berendzen entered SMU a married man with one child on the way seeking a degree in physics. Berendzen's first daughter Deborah was born that year.[2]

Berendzen was going to school full-time and working part-time at his grandparent's hardware store and at the library, while trying to raise a family. When someone he knew suggested that MIT had the hardest physics program in the nation, Berendzen approximated the MIT course load to see if he could handle it and applied to join the university in his sophomore year when his GPA stayed at an acceptable level.[2][4]

Approaching MIT as a new undergraduate student from a lower income background was an extreme culture shock. So much so that Berendzen vowed to work twice as hard as anyone else. The long stretches of time apart and the days of constant work drove a wedge into his marriage, and Barbara left just before the end of Berendzen's Junior year at MIT going back to Dallas with their daughter. He was so distraught by the events, that he put off his finals and delayed graduating for a year.[4]

At the end of the break, Berendzen took and passed his exams and was admitted into Harvard as a graduate student seeking first a master's degree in astronomy followed by a PhD. It was at Harvard that Berendzen discovered his love of teaching, first as a teaching assistant for Carl Sagan and later as a teaching assistant for professor William Liller. He engaged in so much teaching that Berendzen jeopardized his PhD in physics. Eventually, he graduated in 1967 earning a dual astronomy and teaching PhD by publishing a 930-page dissertation to answer the question, "Why do people become astronomers?"[2][4][8][9] Berendzen was 29 years old.[1]

At Harvard, Berendzen also met Gail Edgar. After a year of dating, Berendzen asked her to marry him in 1964. The couple held their engagement party at Harvard Observatory.[2]

Early career

Joining the physics and astronomy faculty at Boston University, Berendzen became acting astronomy department chairman when Dr. Papagiannis went on sabbatical from 1971 to 1972.[10]

Two years later he spent his own sabbatical leave doing research at the National Academy of Sciences, American Council on Education, and Library of Congress.[11][12] Instead of returning to Boston University, Berendzen was hired on at American University in Washington, D.C., as a professor and dean of the College of Arts and Sciences.[4][13] It was in this time period that Gail gave birth to Berendzen's second daughter, Natasha.[14]

As Dean, Berendzen turned down a number of faculty promotions and tenure applications in an attempt to get the department's budget under control. This was controversial and increased the ire of the faculty. Before a meeting with seething faculty members, he famously sent an assistant dean into the room first to announce, "The dean will join you and attempt to defend himself." Berendzen entered wearing a full suit of Medieval armor.[1]

The University appointed him provost, American's chief academic officer, in 1976.[3] In that role he introduced a core curriculum, tightened the university's admission standards, and enhanced the honors program. As a result, American University began to attract a much higher caliber of student.[4] In 1980 Berendzen became AU's eleventh president.[2][9] He was 42 years old.[1]

President of American University

”My job [as President],” Berendzen once said, “is to tap the unique resources of this city and to get to know the power leaders of Washington who can be beneficial to the university.” His wife Gail joined as second in command, leaving her own job. The couple moved into the traditional home of American University's president and enclosed a sun room so that they could install a large dining table and hold multiple parties at home. Berendzen's book Is My Armor Straight? A Year in the Life of a University President, written based on a set of journals he kept from 1982 to 1983, reads like a "who's who" of Washington elite. The Berendzens spent their nights traveling from party to party meeting celebrities, dignitaries, kings, queens, and other royalty, as well as presidents, cabinet members and other political officials. On average, Berendzen hit eleven social functions, worked seven days a week, and got 3–4 hours of sleep at night in his drive to bring both resources and people into the University.[15][1][16][17]

He also joined dozens of professional groups, boards of directors, commissions, social groups, and committees. He talked to everyone who would listen making at least 268 television and radio appearances between January 1980 and May 1985. He was a local celebrity appearing on local television and radio programs no fewer than 400 times. Berendzen's resume of this time drastically expanded from 45 pages in 1980 to more than 150 pages in 1990.[15]

Berendzen's tenure as president was not without controversy. Saudi businessman Adnan Khashoggi pledged $5 million toward the construction of a new set of buildings meant to house an arena and administrative offices. He was appointed to the board shortly after the announcement and the center was named the Adnan Khashoggi Sports and Convocation Center.[18][19][20] This was despite the fact that Adnan was a key intermediary in the Reagan Administration's deal with Iran to trade arms for money in the Iran–Contra affair.[21][22]

Khashoggi only attended one meeting of the board of trustees, nevertheless he was reappointed once. He was removed from the board after Switzerland jailed him on charges of fraud and racketeering for allegedly helping Ferdinand Marcos funnel millions of dollars out of the Philippines. Khashoggi served no jail time, but the legal troubles cut deeply into his wealth. He stopped making payments toward the $5 million pledge and his name was removed from American University altogether in the 1990s.[21][23]

Resignation from American University

In 1989 Berendzen's father Earl died, so he flew home to help his mother plan the funeral. When he entered the middle room of his parents' home, Berendzen would later recount, long buried memories of abuse began to resurface. After he returned to Washington it was clear to those who knew him that something was wrong. He brushed off those concerns and kept working harder and harder while also becoming increasingly paranoid going so far as to order one way glass for his office windows.[2][6]

Susan Allen placed an ad for her daycare in the Washington Post in March 1990. On the 23rd, she received the first obscene phone call. The calls were of a significantly depraved nature that included violent fantasies of sex with children and made claims of buying children for sex and boasted of a large child pornography collection. She decided to play along, but reported the incident to her husband who worked with the Fairfax County Criminal Investigation Bureau. The conversations, says Allen, "[Were] filthy beyond your most horrible nightmares."[2][24][25]

The calls were eventually traced to the American University campus. The police notified the university, and American's Telecommunications office wrote new software that traced the calls to Berenzden's private phone line.[24] On April 7, University lawyers and the chairman of the Board of Trustees, Edward Carr, confronted Berendzen who tendered his resignation to the rest of the board on April 8. Berendzen issued a public statement on April 10 that cited "exhaustion" as the reason behind his decision to step down.[1][3] Shortly after that he checked himself into the Johns Hopkins psychiatric clinic seeking treatment.[4]

Berendzen was eventually charged with two misdemeanor counts of making obscene calls over the telephone. He pled guilty to both but received no jail time on the condition that he continue receiving psychiatric treatment for the next year.[26][27][28]

At Johns Hopkins, Berendzen slowly began talking about his memories of childhood abuse. The doctor in charge of his case, Paul McHugh, said in an interview after the fact that Berendzen had been suffering from post-traumatic stress. The phone calls were an attempt to understand and to bring resolution to those memories of abuse.[29][30] Richard and Gail moved back to Virginia where he used the next three years to write a book addressing both the phone calls and his experiences as a victim of child molestation.[4]

Susan Allen, the woman who'd kept Berendzen on the phone while the police traced the calls, had herself been a victim of rape.[2] Given that history and a fear of reprisal from Berendzen, she'd changed her hair color, started attending therapy sessions, and was unable to work. Upset of the lack of punishment and at American University's decision to hold off on releasing information about the calls to the police for two days, Allen filed a lawsuit seeking damages of $7 million against the University and $4 million against Berendzen.[31][32] Initially the lawsuit was dismissed by a court in Washington, but after she announced her intention to appeal, the case was settled for an undisclosed sum.[7]

Berendzen had not worked for three years, but he was still listed as a tenured member of the faculty at American University. Some estimates put the amount to buy out the rest of his contract at $1 million, a cost that student, faculty, and staff at the University were loath to spend. Richard approached the Board of Trustees about going back to AU as a member of the regular faculty. The University agreed and he served in that role until he retired in August 2006 as Professor Emeritus of Physics.[33][5][34]

Scientific philosophy

Berendzen believes that science fact, if presented well, can be far more engaging than science fiction.[35] He is a proponent of the scientific search for extraterrestrial life (SETI).[36] He feels that there is a tremendous need to make more people aware of the difference between real science and blatant pseudoscience,[35][37] going so far in his teaching career to lecture his students wearing a wizards robe and pointy hat on the difference between astrology and astronomy.[3] Also, he is active in efforts to increase educational opportunities for girls and minorities, especially to educate them better in science and technology.[38][39]

Accomplishments

When Berendzen took over American University as president, the University had a small endowment, and a poor reputation.[40][1] In the ten years of his tenure, American established an Office of Minority Affairs, built a new residence hall, and established another campus. The General Education Program and Honors Program took shape and became key features. University-wide awards to faculty, students, and staff became an annual, distinguished tradition. Additionally, Berendzen campaigned against grade inflation, eliminated failing departments while expanding others, and the University brought back formal requirements including mandatory exams for students while raising admission standards.[9][2]

Initially the size of the incoming freshman class contracted and the University laid off professors and teachers to compensate. However, with Berendzen's relentless campaigning to raise the profile of American, that trend quickly reversed and the average SAT scores of incoming students rose 200 points by the time he left.[40][1] At the same time Berendzen was able to convince enough wealthy Washingtonians to join the Board of Trustees that it became the wealthiest board in the country which resulted in a fourfold increase of American's endowment to $20 million.[15][1]

Beyond Berendzen's activities as American's president, two mayors of Washington, D.C., appointed him to chair the commission on the Budget and Financial Priorities of the District of Columbia, an analysis and report to the mayors, the D.C. City Council, and the U.S. Congress [41]. Berendzen also chaired the American Council on Education's Committee on Foreign Student Policy,[42] served on the boards of the American Astronautical Society,[43] the American Association of Colleges[44], the Planetary Society,[45] and the advisory board for the National Center for the Survivors of Child Abuse.[6] He was a consultant to NASA,[46] served on NASA's Exploration Advisory Task Force and Selection Panel for the Teacher-in-Space Program,[47][48] has served as Director of NASA's Space Grant Consortium for Washington, D.C..[49][45], and has testified about space and education before the United States Congress.[36]

Under the auspices of the New York Academy of Sciences and the American Astronomical Society, Berendzen organized and chaired a major international conference, titled "Education in and History of Modern Astronomy".[50] With NASA support, he organized and chaired two other key conferences: "Life Beyond Earth and the Mind of Man" (at Boston University) and "Space 2000" (at American University).[51][43] Proceedings of the Boston University conference were published by NASA (sp-318), and video of it became the core of a TV program narrated by Orson Welles, Who's Out There? (1973).[52][53] Through a joint venture of the US National Archives and Google, the digital video is part of the Archives' free online collection.[54]

He has been a commentator about science and education on WUSA-TV and WTOP radio (Washington, D.C.) and NBC (network), and a guest on numerous other radio and TV programs. By April 1990, Berendzen had given over 1,200 invited lectures.[3] The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSICOP) also presented Berendzen with the Public Education in Science Award that year.[55] The International Platform Association gave him the Glenn T. Seaborg Award for "Contributions to the American Public's Interest in Science,"[56] and he has been awarded a number of honorary doctorate degrees.[57][58][59]

Finally, Berendzen narrated Mike Cahill's 2011 sci-fi feature film Another Earth.[60][61]

Writings

Berendzen has written several books and 40 articles in scholarly journals.

  • 1976: Man Discovers the Galaxies (with Richard Hart and Daniel Seeley). ISBN 0-88202-023-4 (hardcover)
    ISBN 0-231-05827-6 (1984 paperback)
  • 1986: Is My Armor Straight? A Year in the Life of a University President. ISBN 0-917561-01-5
  • 1988: Touch the Future: An Agenda for Global Education in America. ISBN 0-935641-02-5 (24-page pamphlet)
  • 1993: Come Here: A Man Overcomes the Tragic Aftermath of Childhood Sexual Abuse. ISBN 0-679-41777-X
  • 1999: Pulp Physics: Astronomy; Human Kind in Space and Time. ISBN 9781575110349 (audiobook)
gollark: Don't know, I use linux.
gollark: `PiNG` or `Tracer-T` (`tracert)`.
gollark: ```I need to build as detailed an operational dossier on Stephen Bannon as possible in a week and a half. If any of y'all got somethin, DM it to me.```
gollark: It sounds funny, so me too.
gollark: 3;513;5 1356 1256

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Richard E. Berendzen on IMDb

Preceded by
Joseph J. Sisco		 President, American University
1980-1991		 Succeeded by
Joseph Duffey
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