Rhinatrema nigrum

Rhinatrema nigrum, the black caecilian, is a species of caecilian in the family Rhinatrematidae found in Guyana,[3] Venezuela, and possibly Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, and intermittent rivers.

Rhinatrema nigrum

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Gymnophiona
Clade: Apoda
Family: Rhinatrematidae
Genus: Rhinatrema
Species:
R. nigrum
Binomial name
Rhinatrema nigrum
Dunn, 1942
Synonyms[2]
  • Epicrionops niger(Dunn, 1942)

Taxonomy

This species was first described by the American herpetologist Emmett Reid Dunn in 1942 as Rhinatrema nigrum, the type locality being Arundabara, British Guiana. It has been included in the genus Epicrionops as Epicrionops niger.[4]

Distribution and habitat

The black caecilian is native to south eastern Venezuela and western Guyana, and possibly northern Brazil. It occurs at altitudes of between 100 and 1,700 m (330 and 5,580 ft) in moist lowland and montane forests, cloud forests, seasonally dry forests, wetlands, marshes and the banks of temporary and permanent water courses. Only four specimens have been recorded, and it is likely that the range of this species is in reality wider than is currently known. Whether the species can adapt to secondary habitats is unknown.[1]

Ecology

As an amphibian, this caecilian is likely to feed on insects, earthworms and other small invertebrates. Clutches of eggs have been found under rocks, where they are guarded by the female. The larvae probably develop in streams.[1]

Status

The black caecilian has a wide distribution in an area with very little human disturbance, and is known to be present in Canaima National Park in Venezuela. Although the total population size is unknown, the species is believed to be common with few known threats, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".[1]

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References
  1. Hoogmoed, Marinus; Reynolds, Robert; Wilkinson, Mark; Wake, Marvalee (2004). "Black Caecilian: Epicrionops niger". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved 12 January 2019.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  2. Frost, Darrel R. (2019). "Rhinatrema nigrum". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
  3. MacCulloch, R.D. and A. Lathrop (2009). "Herpetofauna of Mount Ayanganna, Guyana. Results of the Royal Ontario Museum Ayanganna Expedition 2000". Royal Ontario Museum Science Contributions. Royal Ontario Museum. 4: 1–36.
  4. Dunn, E.R. 1942. The American caecilians. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 91: 437–540.
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