Canaima National Park

Canaima National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Canaima) is a 30,000 km2 (12,000 sq mi) park in south-eastern Venezuela that roughly occupies the same area as the Gran Sabana region. It is located in Bolívar State, reaching the borders with Brazil and Guyana.

Canaima National Park
IUCN category II (national park)
Kavac, Canaima National Park
Location of Angel Falls in the Canaima National Park
LocationBolívar State, Venezuela
Coordinates6°10′N 62°30′W
Area30,000 km2 (12,000 sq mi)
EstablishedJune 12, 1962 (1962-06-12)
TypeNatural
Criteriavii, viii, ix, x
Designated1994 (18th session)
Reference no.701
State PartyVenezuela
RegionLatin America and the Caribbean
Canaima, Venezuela
Angel Falls is the highest waterfall in the world.

History

Canaima National Park was established on 12 June 1962.

As early as 1990 the countries that participate in the Amazonian Cooperation Treaty had recommended expanding the Canaima National Park southward to connect it with Monte Roraima National Park in Brazil, with coordinated management of tourism, research and conservation.[1] In 1994, the Canaima National Park was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, as a natural reserve that has abrupt relief special and unique around the world, the tepuis.

Location

Canaima National Park is the second largest park in Venezuela, after Parima-Tapirapecó, and sixth biggest national park in the world. It is the size of Belgium or Maryland.

The park protects part of the Guayanan Highlands moist forests ecoregion.[2] About 65% of the park is occupied by plateaus of rock called tepuis, which are a kind of table-top mountain millions of years old, with vertical walls and almost flat tops. These constitute a unique biological environment and are also of great geological interest. Their sheer cliffs and waterfalls (including Angel Falls, which is the highest waterfall in the world, at 1,002 metres (3,287 ft)) create spectacular landscapes. The most famous tepuis in the park are Mount Roraima, the tallest and easiest to climb, and Auyantepui, the site of Angel Falls. The tepuis are sandstone and date back to a time when South America and Africa were part of a super-continent.

The park is home to indigenous Pemon Indians, part of the Carib linguistic group. The Pemon have an intimate relationship with the tepuis, and believe they are the home of the 'Mawari' spirits. The park is relatively remote, with only a few roads connecting towns. Most transport within the park is done by light plane from the airstrips built by various Capuchin missions, or by foot and canoe. Pemons have developed some basic and luxurious camps, which are mainly visited by tourists from across the world.

Fauna

Canaima has a varied fauna, which is distributed throughout the park according to multiple environmental factors such as altitude and vegetation type. Among the species found are:

Flora

There are over 300 species endemic only in La Gran Sabana.

Hydrography

The park includes the entire watershed of the right bank of the Caroní River and two of the highest waterfalls in the world, the Angel Falls and the Kukenán, as well as plenty of waterfalls of lower altitude.

Relief

The only form of relief are the tepuis, that are plateaus which are unique features, among which are its vertical and nearly flat tops, although there are several tepuies that do not meet these rules. Geologically are remnants of a sedimentary cover composed of very ancient sandstone that is superimposed on a base of igneous rocks (mainly granite) that is even older (nearly 3 billion years). On its summit is home to a very substantial amount of very specific endemic species, both plant and animal. Some endemic plant species are categorized as "carnivorous", which are thus the food supply (mainly insects) that are so scarce in the mountains. These have a geological formations ranging between 1.5 and 2 billion years, which makes them one of the oldest formations in the world. The best known tepuies are: the Auyantepuy (where it follows the Angel Falls), the Roraima, the Kukenan and the Chimantá among many others.[3][4]

Tourist attractions

Western Sector
  • Lagoon of Canaima
  • El Sapo and El Sapito Falls
  • Yuri Falls
  • Mayupa Rapids
  • Pozo de la Felicidad (Pit of the Happiness) (Saró Marú)
  • Orquídea Island
  • Ratón Island
  • Angel Falls or Korepakupai Vená
  • Ayan-tepui
  • Kavac Indian village
  • Cave Uruyén
  • Kamarata Indian village
  • Wareipa Indian community
  • El Encanto Falls
  • Avak Indian community
  • Roberto Beach
  • Kanwaripa Indian community
  • Caroní River
  • La Maloca Indian village
  • Kukenán Falls (in the Tepui Kukenán or Matawí)

Eastern Sector
  • La Piedra de La Virgen (The rock of the virgin)
  • El Danto Falls
  • La Arenaria
  • Monumento al Soldado Pionero
  • Aponwao I River
  • Tarotá Baths
  • Toroncito Ravine
  • Toron merú Falls
  • Karuay Falls
  • Chinak merú Falls (Aponwao falls)
  • Parupa
  • Anotén
  • Chivatón Falls
  • Mission of Kavanayen
  • Kamoirán Rapids
  • Kama merú Falls
  • Arapán merú (Pacheco Ravine)
  • Soruapa River or Woimeri
  • San Francisco de Yuruaní (Kumaracapai) Indian Community
  • Jasper Creek (Kako Parú or Jaspe Ravine)
  • Urué merú
  • Kukenán Bridge River
  • Paraitepui Indian Community of Roraima
  • Wonkén Indian Community
  • Mount Roraima.

Canaima National Park is spread in south-eastern Venezuela along the border between Guyana and Brazil. The best-known feature of Canaima National Park are its characteristic flat-topped mountain formations known as 'tepuis' which cover roughly 65% of the park. The tepuis constitute a unique biogeological entity and are of great geological interest.

  • Kukenan Sunset
  • Jasper's Creek
  • Mount Roraima
  • La Gran Sabana
  • Kamá Falls
  • Waterfalls of Canaima
  • Kukenan Tepui
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gollark: The WIP proposal, I mean.
gollark: So how do I add to the proposal to create a new rule?
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gollark: How about:If bees are deployed, they may be used against any player with a majority vote in favour of this action. Players subjected to bees lose 1 point. Bees are not considered a resource and if they are deployed an unlimited amount of bee-related actions may be taken.

See also
  • La Gran Sabana

References
  1. McNeely, Jeffrey A.; Harrison, Jeremy (1994), Protecting Nature: Regional Reviews of Protected Areas, IUCN, p. 377, ISBN 978-2-8317-0119-6, retrieved 2016-06-08
  2. Sears, Robin, South America: Southern Venezuela, northern Brazil, western Guyana, and eastern Colombia (NT0124), WWF: World Wildlife Fund, retrieved 2017-04-01
  3. Lindsay Elms. "Mount Roraima: An Island Forgotten by Time". http://members.shaw.ca/beyondnootka/articles/roraima.html.
  4. Otto Huber and John J. Wurdack. 1984. History of Botanical Exploration in Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela. Smithsonian Institution Press, City of Washington, www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/botany/pdf_hi/sctb-0056.pdf
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