Republic Day (Turkey)

Republic Day (Turkish: Cumhuriyet Bayramı) is a public holiday in Turkey commemorating the proclamation of the Republic of Turkey, on 29 October 1923. It lasts 35 hours, starting each year at 1:00 pm on 28 October.[1]

Republic Day
Displays of fireworks, such as these over the Bosporus in 2007, take place across Turkey on Republic Day.
Official nameCumhuriyet Bayramı  (Turkish)
Also calledThe Twenty-ninth of October
Observed by Turkey
 Northern Cyprus
TypeNational
SignificanceThe day in 1923 that the republic was proclaimed by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey
CelebrationsFireworks, concerts, parades, events at schools, cultural programmes
Date29 October
Next time29 October 2020 (2020-10-29)
Frequencyannual

Background

The holiday commemorates the events of 29 October 1923, when Mustafa Kemal Atatürk declared that Turkey was henceforth a republic.[2] Turkey had de facto been a republic since 23 April 1920, the date of the establishment of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, but the official confirmation of this fact came only three-and-a-half years later.[3] On 29 October 1923, the status of the nation as a republic was declared and its official name was proclaimed to be Türkiye Cumhuriyeti ("the Republic of Turkey").[3] After that, a vote was held in the Grand National Assembly, and Atatürk was elected as the first President of the Republic of Turkey.[2][4]

Customs

Republic Day is a national holiday marked by patriotic displays. Similar to other autumn events, Republic Day celebrations often take place outdoors. According to Law No. 2429 of 1981, Republic Day is a national holiday, so all public institutions are closed on that day.[5] It is also observed by Northern Cyprus.[6]

Decorations (e.g., streamers, balloons, and clothing) are generally colored red, and white, the colors of the Turkish flag. Anıtkabir is visited by more than a hundred thousand people every year.[7] Parades are often held in the morning, while concerts, and fireworks displays occur in the evening after dark at such places as parks, fairgrounds, or town squares.[8] Republic Day fireworks are often accompanied by patriotic songs such as the 10th Anniversary March.[9] Istanbul has the largest fireworks display in the country. It generally holds displays over the Bosporus.[10] Other major displays are in Ankara in Ulus; and in İzmir over the Gulf of İzmir and Gündoğdu Square.[11][12]

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References
  1. Marat Terterov, Turkey: A Business And Investment Review, GMB Publishing Ltd, 2006, p. 94.
  2. "Declaration of the Turkish republic". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
  3. Hamza, Eroğlu (July 2003). "Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin İlânı" (PDF). Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi (in Turkish). Vol. 9 no. 56. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
  4. Ergül, Coşkun (August 4, 2014). "1923'ten günümüze Cumhurbaşkanı seçimleri" (in Turkish). Anadolu Agency. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
  5. "Ulusal Bayram ve Genel Tatiller Hakkında Kanun" (PDF) (in Turkish). mevzuat.gov.tr. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
  6. "29 Ekim Cumhuriyet Bayramı KKTC'de de kutlanıyor..." Kıbrıs Postası (in Turkish). October 29, 2018. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
  7. "Yüz binler Ata'ya koştu". Milliyet (in Turkish). October 30, 2018. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
  8. "Türkiye uyumadı! Cumhuriyet Bayramı gece de kutlandı". Hürriyet (in Turkish). October 29, 2018. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
  9. "Cumhuriyet Bayramı kutlamaları dünden itibaren başladı". Sözcü (in Turkish). October 28, 2016. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
  10. "Cumhuriyet Bayramı kutlamalarının bu yılki adresi yine İstanbul Boğazı". Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). October 27, 2014. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
  11. "Büyükşehir'den Cumhuriyet Bayramı kutlaması". Hürriyet (in Turkish). October 28, 2016. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
  12. "İzmir'de 29 Ekim Cumhuriyet Bayramı coşkuyla kutlandı". Hürriyet (in Turkish). October 29, 2018. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
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