Ravula language
Ravula, known locally as Yerava or Adiyan, is a Dravidian language of Karnataka and Kerala spoken by the Ravula and Adiyan. Their language exhibits a number of peculiarities which marks it off from Malayalam as well as from other tribal speeches in the Wayanad district.[3] It is spoken by 25,000 Ravulas (locally called Yerava) in Kodagu district of Karnataka and by 1,900 Ravulas (locally called Adiyan) in the adjacent Wayanad district of Kerala.[4] The term 'Yerava' is derived from the Kannada word Yeravalu meaning borrow.[5][6]
| Ravula | |
|---|---|
| Yerava, Adiyan | |
| Native to | India |
| Region | Kodagu District, Wayanad District |
| Ethnicity | 41,000 (2011 census) |
Native speakers | 26,563 (2011 census)[1] |
Dravidian
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | yea |
| Glottolog | ravu1237[2] |
Phonology
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Near-close | ɪ | ʊ | |
| Close-mid | e | o | |
| Mid | ə | ||
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Open | a |
All vowels except for /ɪ,ə,ʊ,ɔ/ demonstrate contrastive vowel length.[7]
Consonants
| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n̪ | n | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | |
| Stop | voiceless | p | t̪ | ʈ | c | k | |
| voiced | b | d̪ | ɖ | ɟ | g | ||
| Fricative | s | ||||||
| Approximant | l | ɭ | j | ||||
| Trill | r | ||||||
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References
- "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 2018-07-07.
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Ravula". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- "Tribes in Malabar : A Socio-Economic Profile" (PDF). ShodhGanga.
- "Ravula Language". Ethnologue - Languages of the world.
- Marti, Felix (2005). Words and Worlds: World Languages Review. Multilingual Matters. p. 238. ISBN 9781853598272.
- Sinha, Anil Kishore (2008). Bio-social Issues in Health. Northern Book Centre. p. 506. ISBN 9788172112257.
- Mallikarjun, B. (1993). A descriptive analysis of Yerava. Central Institute of Indian Languages. OCLC 901560296.
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