Rainbow (Ayumi Hamasaki album)

Rainbow (stylized as RINBOW) is the fifth studio album by Japanese recording artist Ayumi Hamasaki, released on 18 December 2002 by Avex Trax. Production of Rainbow had commenced after the release of Hamasaki's fourth studio album I Am... that January; All lyrics were written by Hamasaki, and Japanese producer Max Matsuura returned to produce the album. The album was Hamasaki's first to feature conversational English lyrics, where in her previous works she had only used single words.

Rainbow
Studio album by
Ayumi Hamasaki
ReleasedDecember 18, 2002 (2002-12-18)
Recorded2002
Genre
Length71:42
LabelAvex Trax
ProducerMax Matsuura
Ayumi Hamasaki chronology
I Am...
(2002)		 Rainbow
(2002)		 A Ballads
(2003)
Singles from Rainbow
  1. "Free & Easy"
    Released: April 24, 2002
  2. "H"
    Released: July 24, 2002
  3. "Voyage"
    Released: September 26, 2002

Channelling pop and trip hop music, Rainbow focuses on lighter themes that were established on her previous album. Some songs focus on loneliness, sadness and relationships, while the rest talk about happiness, having fun and nostalgia. Critics' opinions of the album were generally favourable; the composition and lyrical content were commended. However, some critics dismissed Hamasaki's vocals and Matsuura's production. Upon its release, the album entered the Oricon Albums Chart at number one with first week sales of over one million units, becoming her fifth album to reach the top spot, her fourth to debut there, and her fourth to sell over one million copies in its debut week. Rainbow is the eighty-ninth highest selling Japanese album of all time.[1][2]

Hamasaki promoted the album by releasing three singles: "Free & Easy", "H", and "Voyage". All three reached number one, with Free & Easy becoming the first of a record breaking twenty-five consecutive number one singles, a streak that did not break until 2013, when her single "Feel the Love/Merry-Go-Round" stalled at number five. All of the singles except "H" were accompanied by a short music video. Hamasaki performed several tracks from the album in several television appearances in 2002 and 2003, and has performed some of the album's songs on several concert tours and countdown live shows.

Background

On New Year's Day 2002, Hamasaki released her fourth studio album I Am... on Avex Trax.[3] The album saw a new direction for Hamasaki, whose first three studio albums were dominated by a pop rock sound, and lyrics based on loneliness, confusion, sadness, relationships and individualism.[4][5][6] The result was not generally well received by critics, who found Hamasaki's artistry "unassuming", particularly on her debut release A Song for ×× (1999).[7] After being affected emotionally by the September 11 attacks, Hamasaki quickly changed the planned music direction for I Am..., and updated the album cover to support world peace. The album was Hamasaki's first to focus on lighter themes, such as faith, humanity and serenity.[8] I Am... became a success and sold over 2.3 million copies in Japan, and was certified triple million by the RIAJ.[3][9]

Composition
“The lyrics to ["July 1st"] are cheerful, and the melody has some spots that are subdued and others that come out and grab you. This was the first time I had ever written a song from this viewpoint, and I even surprised myself! (Laughs)”

—Hamasaki discussing "July 1st", the tenth track on the album.[10]

The lyrics to the tracks from Rainbow are written by Hamasaki.[11] While promoting I Am..., Hamasaki performed for the first time outside Japan at the 2002 MTV Asia Music Awards in Singapore. Her performance has been seem as an influencing factor for Japanese musical acts to begin performing overseas.[12][13][14] At the ceremony, Hamasaki felt that by only writing Japanese lyrics, she was not able to bring her "message" to other countries and decided to begin writing in English.[4] Rainbow contains three songs with English lyrics: "Real Me", "Heartplace" and "Over".[10][15] Like her previous album, Hamasaki focused on balancing lighter and darker themes for the album content; several tracks on the album talk about happiness, loneliness, nostalgia, love, and fun experiences.[10] Japanese producer Max Matsuura returned as the album's primary producer.[11] All songs were recorded in Japan through March to November 2002, and were mastered by Shigeo Miyamoto at FLAIR.[11]

The introduction, "Everlasting Dream", is an instrumental piece.[10] Composer CMJK said he was inspired by a phrase he used in creating the song, which was “No rain, no rainbow … If it doesn't rain (heartache), you won't see a rainbow (beauty and happiness).”[10] Lyrics were written for the song, but were removed in the final piece.[10] "We Wish" is an uptempo pop rock song.[10] "We Wish" was the original title for the album, but Hamasaki felt that it didn't work well.[16] The third track "Real Me", which is the first song to feature English-language phrases, is a string-based R&B song that was compared to the work of American recording artist Aaliyah.[17] The lyrics to "Real Me" deal with feminism and female empowerment.[16] "Free & Easy" incorporates instrumentations of horns and flutes, utilizing a soft and “airy” sound.[17] "Heartplace" is an electronic rock song.[17] The original version was straightforward hard rock sounds, but when Hamasaki added English lyrics, she felt it needed to be re-composed.[10]

“It is reminiscent of the UK trip-hop/dub sound yet has a somewhat nostalgic feeling. I have the sense that [Ayumi] was looking for expression that can move outside the domestic market when she created this song.”

—Avex Trax director Yasuyuki Tomita commenting on "Hanabi's musical structure.[10]

Both "Over" and "Hanabi" are trip hop songs that showcase higher notes performed by Hamasaki, with the first dealing with friendships and the latter discussing nostalgia.[16][17] After the “magical” instrumental "Taskinillusion", the ninth track "Everywhere Nowhere" is inspired by uptempo 80s-inspired dance-rock music.[10] The lyrical content deals with social activity.[16] The tenth track "July 1st" is a “summery” dance-pop song. The title was inspired by a party she attended a day before, highlighting how fireworks from America's independence day on July 4 reflected the mood and sensation she was in.[16] The lyrics are about fun experiences with friends.[10]

The mid-tempo trip hop "Dolls" was inspired by an unnamed film by Japanese director Takeshi Kitano.[16] The trip hop inspired instrumental piece "Neverending Dreams" leads on from "Everlasting Dream".[10] "Voyage" talks about the equality between women and men.[16] The composition of "Close to You" is inspired by Christmas music, and the final track "Independent" is an uptempo pop rock song that relates to the theme of independence.[10] A hidden track "+" was used at the end of "Independent".[11]

Singles

The album's lead single "Free & Easy" was released on 24 April 2002.[18] The song received positive reviews from music critics, who highlighted it as an album stand out.[17] The song was a success in Japan, reaching number one and was certified platinum by RIAJ for shipments of 400,000 units.[19] Wataru Takeishi commissioned the music video, which features Hamasaki and was inspired by Joan of Arc.

The album's second single was released as an extended play, and featured the tracks "Independent", "July 1st" and "Hanabi"; it was titled "H".[20] Released on 24 July 2002, it received positive reviews from music critics, who highlighted the song's production and composition.[16][17] The song reached number one on the Oricon Singles Chart and was certified million by RIAJ, and it remains was her final million-certified single to date.[21] It occupied the top spot on the 2002 Annual Oricon Singles Chart, Hamasaki's first and only single to achieve this.[upper-alpha 1] The song "Hanabi" was a commercially successful sleeper hit, being certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan in January 2015, for selling 100,000 legal downloads since its release twelve and a half years prior.[24]

The album's third and final single "Voyage" was released on 26 September 2002.[25] It received positive reviews from music critics, who commended the composition and lyrical content. It reached number one on the Oricon Singles Chart and was certified triple platinum by RIAJ, her highest selling single underneath the million threshold.[26] A short film was directed by Isao Yukisada and featured Hamasaki as a Japanese princess. The DVD was released and featured the video.[27] All her singles from Rainbow were awarded Song(s) of the Year at the 2003 Japan Gold Disc Awards.[28]

Promotion

Several tracks from Rainbow appeared as remixed versions on her 2003 compilation series: Rmx Works from Ayu-mi-x 5 Non-Stop Mega Mix, Rmx Works from Cyber Trance Presents Ayu Trance 3, and Rmx Works from Super Eurobeat Presents Ayu-ro Mix 3.[29][30][31] To promote Rainbow, Hamasaki performed on several tours and concert shows; the first was her Ayumi Hamasaki Arena Tour 2002 A. She also promoted the album on her Ayumi Hamasaki Stadium Tour 2002 A, Ayumi Hamasaki Countdown Live 2002–2003 A and Ayumi Hamasaki Arena Tour 2003–2004 A, and her music videos for "Free & Easy", "Voyage" and other album promotional footage were featured on her 2004 video box set Ayumi Hamasaki Complete Clip Box A.

Release and critical reception
Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
Allmusic[17]
Geocities.co.jp[32]

Rainbow was released on 18 December 2002 by Avex Trax.[11] It was released in Taiwan by Avex Taiwan and in China by Avex and the China Record Shanghai Corporation (CRSC).[33][34] The promotional photography, directed by Shinichi Hara and photographed by Leslie Kee, features a blue-hued Hamasaki sitting in water with rainbow-colored extensions in her hair; her name and the album title is featured at the bottom.[11] Hara has been Hamasaki's creative director for promotional work and began collaborating with her in 1998. His final work was directing the sleeve for Hamasaki's 2009 single "Sunrise/Sunset (Love Is All)".[35][36] A DVD of Rainbow was released in Japan in early 2003.[37]

Rainbow received favorable reviews from most music critics. Rainbow was the first written review for Hamasaki by American journalist Adam Greenberg for Allmusic.[17] Awarding it three-and-a-half stars out of five, he commented that “Rainbow came after a string of high-charting albums, itself not reaching the same heights thanks to some interesting but uneven experimentation with her sound.” Although he criticized the production and certain fillers, he concluded “The album doesn't have as much refinement as much of Hamasaki's later albums, but it shows the progression of her skills and vocal abilities.”[17] He listed Rainbow as one of Hamasaki's best albums, alongside Secret (2005) and Ayu-mi-x 6: Silver (2008).[38] A reviewer for Geocities.co.jp was mixed, awarding Rainbow five stars out of ten. Although they praised the tracks "July 1st", "Dolls", "Voyage," and "Close To You" for composition and quality, they noticed Hamasaki's lack of innovation and creativity.[32] They felt the effort was "half-hearted" and "tiresome", and criticized the heavy electronic tracks.[32]

Commercial performance

Rainbow entered at number one on the Oricon Albums Chart selling over one million copies in its first week.[39] It stayed at number one for a sole week, and stayed on the charts for twenty-seven weeks.[39] Selling over 1.8 million units in Japan, the album was certified million by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) for shipments of one million units.[2] The DVD edition entered at number 220 on the Oricon Albums Chart, and stayed in for just one week.[40]

Rainbow is Hamasaki's fifth highest selling studio album according to Oricon; the DVD version is her fifty-third best selling album.[41][42] The album is currently the eighty-ninth best selling Japanese album of all time, with total sales of 1.85 million units in Japan.[1]

Track listing

All lyrics are written by Ayumi Hamasaki.

No.TitleMusicArranger(s)Length
1."Everlasting Dream"CMJKCMJK1:33
2."We Wish"D.A.IHΛL5:10
3."Real Me"D.A.ICMJK5:26
4."Free & Easy"Ayumi Hamasaki + D.A.I[Note 1]HΛL5:00
5."Heartplace"Ayumi HamasakiTasuku6:06
6."Over"CMJKToshiharu Umesaki, Atsushi Sato5:05
7."Hanabi"Ayumi Hamasaki + D.A.ICMJK4:56
8."Taskinillusion" (instrumental)TasukuTasuku1:20
9."Everywhere Nowhere"PopCMJK4:35
10."July 1st"Ayumi Hamasaki + D.A.ITasuku4:22
11."Dolls"Ayumi HamasakiHΛL5:56
12."Neverending Dream" (instrumental)Umesaki, Yuta NakanoHΛL1:35
13."Voyage"Ayumi Hamasaki + D.A.IKen Shima5:08
14."Close to You"Ayumi HamasakiSeiji Kameda5:47
15."Independent+" ("+" is a hidden track)Ayumi Hamasaki + D.A.ITasuku9:53

Release history
Region Date Format Catalogue Number
Japan December 18, 2002 (2002-12-18) HDCD (Copy Control CD) AVCD-17239
Taiwan 2002 (2002) CD AVJCD-10140
Hong Kong December 2002 (2002-12) CD (Copy Control CD) AVTCD-95655
China 2002 (2002) CD (Copy Control CD) AVTCD-95655/B
  • SCD-784

Personnel
  • Recording – Hiroyuki Shiotsuki, Koji Morimoto, Motohiro Tsuji, Satoshi Kumasaka, Yasuo Matsumoto, Yoichiro Kano, Yuichi Nagayama
  • Mastering – Shigeo Miyamoto
  • Directed by – Yasuyuki Tomita
  • Mixing – CMJK (1), HΛL (3) (12), Koji Morimoto (6, 9, 10, 11, 14), Satoshi Kumasaka (1, 8), Yasuo Matsumoto (2, 4, 5, 7, 13, 15), Yoshiaki Onishi (3)
  • Programming – CMJK (1, 3, 7), HΛL (2, 4, 11, 12), Tasuku (5, 8, 9, 10, 15), Atsushi Sato & Toshiharu Umesaki (6), Takahiro Iida & Yoshinori Kadoya (13), Nobuhiko Nakayama (14)
  • Guitar – Takehito Shimizu (2, 4, 6, 12), CMJK (3, 7, 9), Masato Ishinari (3), Tasuku (5, 8, 10), Yozo Nakatsugawa (5), Norihiro Ishizuka (9), Susumu Nishikawa (10), Hirokazu Ogura (13)
  • Strings – Gen Ittetsu Group (5, 13), Yuko Kajitani, Miyuki Onuma (11)
  • Strings arrangement – Ken Shima (5, 13), Yuta Nakano (11)
  • Backing vocals – Junko Hirotani (7, 13, 14), Andrea L. Hopkins, Daniel Morgan, Yasuhiro Kido (13), Kayoko Wada, Takao Saito (14)

Charts

Oricon Sales Chart (Japan)

Release Chart Peak position First Week Sales Sales total Chart run
18 December, 2002 Oricon Daily Albums Chart 1
Oricon Weekly Albums Chart 1 1,016,482 1,857,870 22 weeks
Oricon Monthly Albums Chart 1
Oricon Yearly Albums Chart 2

Certifications
Region CertificationCertified units/sales
Japan (RIAJ)[43] 2× Million 2,000,000^

*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone

|}

Notes
  1. Crea is the pseudonym of Ayumi Hamasaki.
  1. For the 2002 Annual Oricon Yearly single chart, there has been a debate regarding the position off H being placed at number one or number two, with Japanese broadcasting network Tokyo Broadcasting System placing the EP at number two, just behind Chitose Hajime's single "Wadatsumi no Ki" at number one.[22] However, the most reliable source to provide its position at number one is American music magazine Billboard, who confirmed that H was the only millionth selling single that year, prompting it to be the highest selling single that year and making it number one.[23]
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References
  1. "Corner Ranking Album - RIAJ". Music TV Program. Recording Industry Association of Japan. Archived from the original on 3 January 2012. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
  2. "GOLD ALBUM 他認定作品 2003年1月度" [Gold Albums, and other certified works. January 2003 Edition] (PDF). The Record (Bulletin) (in Japanese). Chūō, Tokyo: Recording Industry Association of Japan. 520: 13. March 10, 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2013. Retrieved January 29, 2014.
  3. "Ｉ ａｍ… 浜崎あゆみのプロフィールならオリコン芸能人事典-ORICON STYLE". Oricon.co.jp. Retrieved 2012-02-23.
  4. Tsuriya, Takako (May 2008). "Ayu 10th Year Career Anniversary". Cawaii (in Japanese): 15, 18.
  5. "A Song for XX". Beatfreak (in Japanese): 132. January 1999.
  6. Takeuchi Cullen, Lisa (March 25, 2002). "Empress of Pop". Time. p. 3. Archived from the original on April 3, 2002. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
  7. Walters, Barry (March 5, 2002). "Turning (Japanese) Point". The Village Voice. Retrieved April 19, 2008.
  8. Takeuchi Cullen, Lisa (March 25, 2002). "I have very clear ideas of what I want". Time. p. 1. Archived from the original on February 14, 2008. Retrieved February 16, 2008.
  9. "GOLD ALBUM 他認定作品 2002年1月度" [Gold Albums, and other certified works. January 2002 Edition] (PDF). The Record (Bulletin) (in Japanese). Chūō, Tokyo: Recording Industry Association of Japan. 508: 12. March 10, 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 16, 2014. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  10. "Ayumi Hamasaki's director's notes on Rainbow". Avex Marketing Inc. Retrieved April 9, 2008.
  11. Rainbow (Album liner notes). Ayumi Hamasaki. Avex Trax. 18 December 2002. AVCD-17239.CS1 maint: others (link)
  12. Takeuchi Cullen, Lisa (March 25, 2002). "The Many Faces of Ayu". Time. p. 7. Archived from the original on April 15, 2008. Retrieved April 17, 2008.
  13. Takeuchi Cullen, Lisa (March 25, 2002). "The Many Faces of Ayu". Time. p. 4. Archived from the original on April 16, 2008. Retrieved April 17, 2008.
  14. "Ayumi's Legend and Leadership of the Young". Sin Chew Daily (2). May 21, 2002.
  15. Tsuriya, Takako (March 1, 2007). "Honey Trap". Cawaii (in Japanese). 8 (75): 19, 21. Original text: "英語を解禁にしようと思ったのは、アルバムの「Rainbow」からなんだけど、あのころMTVなどで賞をいただいてアジアでパフォーマンスするって い うようをことか何回か続いたの。そのときに、日本語だとやっぱけ傳れってをいかもっていう気がしちゃって、単純な少女はやっぱけ世界共通語だよな~っで 思ったんだよね。"
  16. "love. Ayu - Rainbow". Nifty.com. Linked through as homepage2.nifty.com. 16 April 2015.
  17. Greenberg, Adam. "Rainbow - Ayumi Hamasaki - Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards - AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  18. Free & Easy (CD Single). Ayumi Hamasaki. Avex Trax. 24 April 2002.CS1 maint: others (link)
  19. "GOLD ALBUM 他認定作品 2002年4月度" [Gold Albums, and other certified works. April 2002 Edition] (PDF). The Record (Bulletin) (in Japanese). Chūō, Tokyo: Recording Industry Association of Japan. 511: 12. June 10, 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 17, 2014. Retrieved January 17, 2014.
  20. H (CD Single). Ayumi Hamasaki. Avex Trax. 24 July 2002.CS1 maint: others (link)
  21. "RIAJ List of Million Selling Releases of 2002" (in Japanese). Retrieved 2010-07-01.
  22. "CDTV PowerWeb:! Ranking Date for Annual 2002 Chart". Oricon (Bulletin) (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. December 30, 2002. Archived from the original on January 21, 2007. Retrieved March 31, 2015.
  23. McClure, Steve (28 December 2002). "Japan's Music Business to Fight Back in 2003". Billboard. 110 (14): 53. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  24. レコード協会調べ　1月度有料音楽配信認定 [Record Association Investigation: January Digital Music Download Certifications] (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. February 20, 2015. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  25. Voyage (CD Single). Ayumi Hamasaki. Avex Trax. 26 September 2002.CS1 maint: others (link)
  26. ゴールド等認定作品一覧　2003年12月 [Works Receiving Certifications List (Gold, etc) (December 2003)] (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. January 10, 2004. Retrieved February 15, 2014.
  27. Voyage (DVD). Ayumi Hamasaki. Avex Trax. 26 September 2002.CS1 maint: others (link)
  28. "Recording Industry Association of Japan - THE 17th JAPAN GOLD DISC AWARD 2003". Recording Industry Association of Japan. April 5, 2015. Retrieved 2003. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  29. Rmx Works from Ayu-mi-x 5 Non-Stop Mega Mix (Remix compilation). Ayumi Hamasaki. Avex Trax. 25 September 2003.CS1 maint: others (link)
  30. Rmx Works from Cyber Trance Presents Ayu Trance 3 (Remix compilation). Ayumi Hamasaki. Avex Trax. 25 September 2003.CS1 maint: others (link)
  31. Rmx Works from Super Eurobeat Presents Ayu-ro Mix 3 (Remix compilation). Ayumi Hamasaki. Avex Trax. 25 September 2003.CS1 maint: others (link)
  32. "Music review site Source of the Music - Ayumi Hamasaki". Geocities.jp. Published by Yahoo! Music. 16 April 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
  33. Rainbow (Album liner notes). Ayumi Hamasaki. Avex Trax Taiwan. 18 December 2002. ALCP-6002.CS1 maint: others (link)
  34. Rainbow (Album liner notes). Ayumi Hamasaki. Avex Trax, China Record Shanghai Corporation (CRSC). 18 December 2002. AVTCD-95655/B, SCD-784.CS1 maint: others (link)
  35. A Song for xx (Album liner notes). Ayumi Hamasaki. Avex Trax. 1998. AVCD-11691.CS1 maint: others (link)
  36. Sunrise/Sunset (Love is All) (Album liner notes). Ayumi Hamasaki. Avex Trax. 2009. AVCD-31719.CS1 maint: others (link)
  37. Rainbow (DVD). Ayumi Hamasaki. Avex Trax. 2003. AVAD-91200.CS1 maint: others (link)
  38. Greenberg, Adam (March 19, 2015). "AllMusic - Ayumi Hamasaki, Songs, Highlights, Credits and Awards". Rovi. Allmusic. Retrieved February 15, 2015.
  39. "Ayumi Hamasaki - Release - ORICON MUSIC style". Oricon (Bulletin) (in Japanese). Oricon. Archived from the original on 8 September 2011. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  40. "Ayumi Hamasaki - Release - ORICON MUSIC style". Oricon (Bulletin) (in Japanese). Oricon. Archived from the original on 10 April 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  41. "Ayumi Hamasaki album sales ranking" 浜崎あゆみ売上ランキング シングル売上ランキング. Oricon. 2 April 2015.
  42. "Ayumi Hamasaki album sales ranking" 浜崎あゆみ売上ランキング シングル売上ランキング. Oricon. 2 April 2015. p. 6.
  43. "Japanese album certifications – Ayumi Hamasaki – Duty" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Retrieved 29 May 2015. Select 2003年3月 on the drop-down menu
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