Princes of Condé

The Most Serene House of Bourbon-Condé
La Plus Sereine Maison de Bourbon-Condé
The Most Serene House of Bourbon-Condé; La Plus Sereine Maison de Bourbon-Condé
	;
Parent house	House of Bourbon[1]
Country	Condé-en-Brie, France
Founded	1557
Founder	Louis de Bourbon, Prince of Condé
Current head	Louis Joseph II de Bourbon, Prince of Condé
Titles	Prince of Condé; Prince of Conti; Prince of La Roche-sur-Yon; Duke of Enghien; Duke of Bourbon; Duke of Montmorency; Duke of Mercœur; Marquis of Graville; Count of La Marche; Count of Pézenas; Count of Alais; Count of Clermont; First Prince of the blood
Estate(s)	Chateau de Condé Hôtel de Bourbon-Condé
Cadet branches	Princes of Conti; Counts of Soissons

The Most Serene House of Bourbon-Condé (French: La Plus Sereine Maison de Bourbon-Condé, pronounced [buʁbɔ̃.kɔ̃de]) named after Condé-en-Brie, now in the Aisne département, is a French princely house and a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon. The name of the house was derived from the title of Prince of Condé (French: prince de Condé) that was originally assumed around 1557 by the French Protestant leader, Louis de Bourbon (1530–1569),[2] uncle of King Henry IV of France, and borne by his male-line descendants.

This line became extinct in 1830 when his eighth-generation descendant, Louis Henri Joseph de Bourbon, died without surviving male issue. The princely title was held for one last time by Louis d'Orléans, Prince of Condé, who died in 1866.

History

The Princes of Condé descend from the Vendôme family – the progenitors of the modern House of Bourbon. There was never a principality, sovereign or vassal, of Condé. The name merely served as the territorial source of a title adopted by Louis, who inherited from his father, Charles IV de Bourbon, duc de Vendôme (1489–1537), the lordship of Condé-en-Brie in Champagne, consisting of the Château of Condé and a dozen villages some fifty miles east of Paris.

It had passed from the sires of Avesnes, to the Counts of St. Pol. When Marie de Luxembourg-St. Pol wed François, Count of Vendôme (1470–1495) in 1487, Condé-en-Brie became part of the Bourbon-Vendôme patrimony.

Duc de Bourbon

After the extinction in 1527 of the Dukes of Bourbon, François's son Charles (1489–1537) became head of the House of Bourbon, which traces its male-line descent from Robert, Count of Clermont (1256–1318), a younger son of France's Saint-King Louis IX. Of the sons of Charles of Vendôme, the eldest, Antoine, became jure uxoris King of Navarre and fathered Henry IV.

Arms of the princes de Condé, 1546-1588

The youngest son, Louis, inherited the lordships of Meaux, Nogent, Condé, and Soissons as his appanage. Louis was titled Prince of Condé in a parliamentary document on 15 January 1557 and, without any legal authority beyond their dignity as princes of the Blood Royal, they continued to bear it for the next three centuries. He was succeeded by his son Henri I de Bourbon, prince de Condé.

Louis, the first Prince, actually gave the Condé property to his youngest son, Charles (1566–1612), Count of Soissons. Charles' only son Louis (1604–1641) left Condé and Soissons to female heirs in 1624, who married into the Savoy and Orléans-Longueville dynasties.

Monsieur le Prince

Upon the accession to France's throne of Henry IV of Bourbon in 1589, his first cousin-once-removed Henry, Prince of Condé (1588–1646), was heir presumptive to the crown until 1601. Although Henry's own descendants thereafter held the senior positions within the royal family of dauphin, Fils de France, and petits-fils de France, from 1589 to 1709 the Princes of Condé coincidentally held the rank at court of premier prince du sang royal (First Prince of the Blood Royal), to which was attached income, precedence, and ceremonial privilege (such as the exclusive right to be addressed as Monsieur le prince at court).

Arms of the princes de Condé and ducs de Bourbon, 1588-1830

Arms of the heir to the prince de Condé and duc de Bourbon, 1588-1830, usually titled the duc d'Enghien

However, the position of premier prince devolved upon the ducs d'Orléans in 1710, so the seventh Prince, Louis III (1668–1710) declined to make use of the title, preferring instead to be known by his hereditary peerage of Duke of Bourbon, which still afforded him the right to be known as Monsieur le Duc. Subsequent heirs likewise preferred the ducal to the princely title.

Later

After the death of Henry III Jules de Bourbon, prince de Condé in 1709, the family were in regular attendance at court. Louis de Bourbon-Condé (at that point known as the Duke of Bourbon) had in 1685 married Louise-Françoise de Bourbon, the legitimated daughter of Louis XIV of France and Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan.

The couple had many children and produced an heir to the Condé titles and lands. Their son was Louis Henri de Bourbon-Condé, duc de Bourbon. He led a quiet life and was known at court as Monsieur le Duc after the loss of the rank of premier prince du sang in 1723. After his death the family retreated from court life but Louis Joseph de Bourbon, prince de Condé was vital in the forming of the Army of Condé - formed to support his cousin Louis XVI during his imprisonment during the revolution. He was the longest holder of the title, being known as the prince de Condé for seventy-eight years.

His son married the sister of Louis Philippe II d'Orléans better known as Philippe Égalité. She was called Louise Marie Thérèse Bathilde d'Orléans. She was the last princesse de Condé and mother of Louis-Antoine-Henri de Bourbon-Condé - titled duc d'Enghien. He was executed by Napoleon I of France at the Château de Vincennes. With the death of the duc d'Enghien, the heir to the Condé name, his father was the last holder of the title.

After his death in 1830 the Condé lands passed to the last prince's cousin Henri Eugène Philippe Louis d'Orléans, duc d'Aumale whose eldest son Louis was later a prince de Condé after gaining the title from his father.[3]

Family tree

The House of Bourbon family tree.

Cadet Branches

Arms of the Counts of Soissons (1569-1641); at the extinction of their line, it was adopted by the Princes of Conti until they became extinct in 1814.

House of Bourbon-Conti

The House of Bourbon-Conti was formed in 1581 by François de Bourbon, prince de Conti. He was the son of Louis I de Bourbon, prince de Condé. The house became extinct in 1814 upon the death of Louis François II de Bourbon, prince de Conti.

The Princes of Conti were as follows:

1558–1614: marquis, then from 1581 onwards 1st prince François de Bourbon.

At his death, the title became extinct because the prince died without issue. The title was assumed in 1629 by:

1629–1666: 2nd prince Armand de Bourbon-Conti
1666–1685: 3rd prince Louis Armand I de Bourbon-Conti
1685–1709: 4th prince Francis Louis de Bourbon-Conti
1709–1727: 5th prince Louis Armand II de Bourbon-Conti
1727–1776: 6th prince Louis Francis I de Bourbon-Conti
1776–1814: 7th prince Louis Francis II de Bourbon-Conti

House of Bourbon-Soissons

The first prince de Conti was also the brother of the founder of the House of Bourbon-Soissons, Charles de Bourbon-Soissons. The comtes de Soissons were addressed at court as Monsieur le Comte and their wives as Madame la Comtesse. The members of the house were:

1487–1495: François de Bourbon-Vendôme (1470–1495);
1495–1537: Charles de Bourbon-Vendôme (1489–1537), comte (jure matris), son of the preceding;
1547–1557: Jean de Bourbon-Soissons (1528–1557), son of the preceding;
1557–1569: Louis I de Bourbon, prince de Condé (1535–1569), brother of the preceding;
1569–1612: Charles de Bourbon, comte de Soissons (1566–1612), son of the preceding;
1612–1641: Louis de Bourbon, comte de Soissons (1604–1641), son of the preceding;
1641–1656: Marie de Bourbon-Soissons (1606–1692), sister of the preceding.

The line started in 1566 when the title of Count of Soissons was given to Charles de Bourbon-Condé, the second son of Louis I de Bourbon, prince de Condé, the first Prince of Condé. The Soissons title had been acquired by the first Prince of Condé in 1557 and was held by his descendants for two more generations with Charles de Bourbon-Condé, 1st comte de Soissons, and Louis de Bourbon-Condé, 2nd comte de Soissons.

The 2nd comte de Soissons died without an heir, so the Soissons estates passed to his younger sister, Marie de Bourbon-Condé, the wife of Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano, a younger brother of the sovereign Duke of Savoy. Although she received 400,000 livres in annual revenues from the Soissons estates, lived in the Hôtel de Soissons where, according to Saint-Simon, she "maintained the traditions of the Soissons", she continued to be known as the princesse de Carignan.[4] On her death, the Soissons countship passed first to her second son, Prince Joseph-Emmanuel of Savoy-Carignano (1631–1656), and then to her third son, Prince Eugène-Maurice of Savoy-Carignano. He married Olympia Mancini, niece of Cardinal Mazarin. She was known as Madame la Comtesse de Soissons.[5] On his death, the title went to his eldest son, Prince Louis Thomas of Savoy-Carignano, who was the older brother of the famous Austrian general, Prince Eugene of Savoy. The Soissons countship became extinct upon the death of Prince Eugène-Jean-François of Savoy-Carignano in 1734.

Princes of Condé

First creation: 1546–1830 – House of Bourbon

Name	Lifespan	Parents
Louis I de Bourbon 1546–1569	May 7, 1530 – March 13, 1569	Charles de Bourbon-La Marche Françoise d'Alençon
Henri I de Bourbon 1569–1588	December 29, 1552 – March 5, 1588	Louis I de Bourbon Eléanor de Roucy de Roye
Henry II de Bourbon 1588–1646	September 1, 1588 – December 26, 1646	Henri I de Bourbon Charlotte Catherine de La Trémoille
Louis II de Bourbon 1646–1686	September 8, 1621 – November 11, 1686	Henry II de Bourbon Charlotte Marguerite de Montmorency
Henri Jules de Bourbon 1686–1709	July 29, 1643 – April 1, 1709	Louis II de Bourbon Claire-Clémence de Maillé-Brézé
Louis III de Bourbon 1709–1710	November 10, 1668 – March 4, 1710	Henri Jules de Bourbon Anne Henriette of Bavaria
Louis Henri de Bourbon 1710–1740	August 18, 1692 – January 27, 1740	Louis III de Bourbon Louise-Françoise de Bourbon
Louis Joseph de Bourbon 1740–1818	August 9, 1736 – May 13, 1818	Louis Henri de Bourbon Landgravine Caroline of Hesse-Rotenburg
Louis Henri Joseph de Bourbon 1818–1830	April 13, 1756 – August 30, 1830	Louis Joseph de Bourbon Charlotte Élisabeth Godefride de Rohan daughter of Charles de Rohan

Second creation: 1845 –1866 – House of Orléans

Name	Portrait	Lifespan	Parents
Louis d'Orléans		November 15, 1845 – May 24, 1866	Henri d'Orleans, Duke of Aumale Princess Maria Carolina Augusta of Bourbon-Two Sicilies

Addresses

The eldest sons of the Princes of Condé used the title of Duke of Enghien, and were addressed as Monsieur le Duc until that style came to be pre-empted by their fathers, as Dukes of Bourbon, after 1709. The Princes of Condé were also the male-line ancestors of the branches of the Princes of Conti, which flourished 1629–1814, and of the Counts of Soissons, 1566–1641.

Although both the sons and daughters of these branches of the House of Bourbon held the rank of princes and princesses du sang, it never became the custom in France for them to use prince or princess as a prefix to their Christian names. Rather, sons took a title of French nobility, count or duke, suffixed with their appanage (e.g. Count of Charolais), while unmarried daughters used one of their fathers' subsidiary properties to form a courtesy style, e.g. "mademoiselle de Clermont".

Condé Residences

The Château de Chantilly at the time of the Grand Condé

The Hôtel de Condé or the Condé Palace, was the Paris residence of the Condé family situated in the 6th district of Paris. It was demolished around 1780 in order to build a theatre (the Théâtre de l'Odéon).

The family had two seats outside Paris: the Château de Condé in Condé-en-Brie, Picardy, which they ceased to own by 1624. The other country residence was the Château de Chantilly. This was the home of the Grand Condé during his exile from court, and the host château of a party given in honour of King Louis XIV of France in 1671. It was confiscated during the French Revolution and eventually came into the possession of King Louis Philippe of France, who gave it to his youngest son, Henri d'Orléans, duc d'Aumale.

The wife of Louis III, Prince of Condé, Louise-Françoise de Bourbon, was the builder of the Palais Bourbon in Paris. Construction started in 1722, and after it was finished, it was the main residence of the Bourbon-Condés.

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References

themselves descended from the Capetian dynasty
Velde, François. "A list of French Princes and Principalities". Heraldica.org. Retrieved 2008-07-06.
Barko, Ivan (December 2003). "'Le petit Condé: the death in Sydney in 1866 of Australia's first royal visitor". Explorations - Journal of French-Australian Connections (35): 26–32. Archived from the original on 2013-04-24.
Spanheim, Ézéchiel (1973). Emile Bourgeois (ed.). Relation de la Cour de France. le Temps retrouvé (in French). Paris: Mercure de France. pp. 99–100, 107, 323, 329.
Nancy Mitford, The Sun King, 1966, p.87

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[1] themselves descended from the Capetian dynasty

[2] Velde, François. "A list of French Princes and Principalities". Heraldica.org. Retrieved 2008-07-06.

[Barko-3] Barko, Ivan (December 2003). "'Le petit Condé: the death in Sydney in 1866 of Australia's first royal visitor". Explorations - Journal of French-Australian Connections (35): 26–32. Archived from the original on 2013-04-24.

[4] Spanheim, Ézéchiel (1973). Emile Bourgeois (ed.). Relation de la Cour de France. le Temps retrouvé (in French). Paris: Mercure de France. pp. 99–100, 107, 323, 329.

[5] Nancy Mitford, The Sun King, 1966, p.87